In order to measure and analyze three dimensional masticatory muscle force vectors in craniofacial region, the multiresolution method based on wavelet pyramid was used for the fusion of cranio jaw facial CT and MRI image, then these images were visualized. The results showed that the area of physiological cross section (PCS) and the maximum muscle force were different during functioning in the masticatory muscles system. The various masticatory muscle forces or various sides in the same muscle were also different in the three dimensional directions. The results suggested that determination of three dimensional masticatory muscle vectors is feasible by CT and MRI fusion image technology in craniofacial region, and can provide significant results for the basic research in the masticatory muscle system.

Objective: We assessed whether inhalation of low dose of nitric oxide comparing with administering 100% oxygen during cardiac catheterization would be as a method to screen patients with congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension for operation. Methods: We chose 67 cases of congenital heart disease with pulmonary hypertension undergoing cardiac catheterization. While spontaneously breathing room air (FiO 2, 0 21), the pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were recorded as baseline. Patients continued to breathing 40 ppm nitric oxide with FiO 2 0.30 and 100% oxygen, for 30 minutes. Effects of inhalation of nitric oxide on pulmonary vasculature were studied. Results: Comparing with breathing room air, after inhalation of 100% oxygen or 40 ppm nitric oxide, PAP, PVR and PRV/SVR were decreased significantly. Conclusion: Comparing with administer 100% oxygen, inhalation of nitric oxide is more sensible and reliable predictor in selecting patients with congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension for operation.

To explore the clinical risk factors of cerebral artery stenosis in young persons with cerebral infarction. Methods From January 2013 to December 2016, 90 youth persons with cerebral infarction in our hospital were divided into stenosis group and non-stenosis group. The possible risk factors of vascular stenosis were statistically analyzed. Results There were 59 cerebral artery stenosis patients in all 90 cases. The incidence was 65. 6％. Univariate analysis showed that there was significant difference in gender, smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes, uric acid and blood lipid in patients of stenosis group and non arterial stenosis group(P＜0. 05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperuricemia and dyslipidemia were the main risk factors (P＜0. 05). Conclusion Cerebral artery stenosis is an important factor of cerebral infarction in youth persons. Smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperuricemia, dyslipidemia are the risk factors. We should have reasonable diet, give up smoking and alcohol, exercise moderately, adopt a healthy lifestyle, control blood pressure, blood sugar, blood lipid levels, thereby reducing the risk of cerebral infarction in youth persons.

Objective:To construct a training system of the professional postgraduate degree of general practice using the Delphi method.Methods:On the basis of consulting relevant policies and literature, and drawing lessons from foreign general practice training systems, the index system of training professional postgraduate medical students of general practice was preliminarily developed. After two rounds of Delphi expert consultation, using the threshold method to select evaluation indexes, the training system was finally established. Excel 2010 and SPSS 19.0 were used to make data entry and statistical analysis.Results:The active coefficients of experts in the two rounds of Delphi consultation were 75.0% (12/16) and 91.7% (11/12) respectively, both the two rounds of the degree of specialist authority were 0.87, and the final coordination coefficient of the specialists' opinion was 0.452. The index system was composed of 5 first-level indexes including training objectives, theoretical curriculum setting, clinical practice setting, teaching staff and graduation requirements and 31 second-level indexes.Conclusion:The experts have great initiative and authority on research subjects. The opinions of all experts tend to be uniform after two rounds of consultation, and the results are reliable. A relatively complete and credible training index system of professional postgraduate degree of general medicine has been built.

OBJECTIVETo determine the safety and effectiveness of autotransfusion of shed mediastinal blood after open heart surgery.

METHODSSixty patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were selected randomly to receive either nonwashed shed mediastinal blood (Group 1, n = 30) or banked blood (Group 2, n = 30). Drainage and transfusion volume were determined after the operation. Hb, RBC, HCT and PLT were detected immediately before and after the operation, as well as 24 hours and 7 days after the operation. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test. A P < 0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences in Hb, HCT, PLT or length of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (P > 0.05). In the two groups, no significant difference in the mean blood loss was observed during 24 hours after the operation (660 +/- 300 ml in Group 1 and 655 +/- 280 ml in Group 2, P > 0.05). In Group 1, the mean volume autotransfused was 280 +/- 160 ml, and the patients required 360 +/- 80 ml banked blood compared with 660 +/- 120 ml in Group 2. In other words, the banked blood requirement in Group 1 was 40% lower.

CONCLUSIONSAutotransfusion of shed mediastinal blood after an open heart operation is safe and effective.

Adult ; Aged ; Blood Banks ; Blood Transfusion, Autologous ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Drainage ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mediastinum ; Middle Aged

Objective:To develop a monitoring tool for evaluating health literacy level of general practitioners.Methods:The health literacy monitoring questionnaire for general practitioners was preliminarily developed by referring to the National Residents′ Health Literacy Monitoring Questionnaire. The Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of consultation among 15 experts to improve the questionnaire.Results:The effective response rates of the two rounds of expert consultation were 100.0%, the expert authority coefficients of the two rounds of consultation were 0.87 and 0.86, the mean scores of the two rounds of expert questions were 3.93 -5.00 and 4.47-5.00. The variance coefficients of the two rounds of expert scores were 0-0.32 and 0-0.20, and the Kendall harmony coefficients of the two rounds of expert scores were 0.167 and 0.102, respectively (all P<0.05). Finally, the basic theory literacy dimension (including 8 chronic disease prevention items, 5 maternal and child health items and 5 infectious disease prevention items), and the basic skill literacy dimension (including 6 safety and first aid items, 8 health information items), and the healthy lifestyle and behavior dimension (7 items, including regular physical examination, exercise, diet and so on) were established. A total of 39 items and 3 dimensions were used to monitor the health literacy level of general practitioners. Conclusion:The monitoring tool of health literacy level for general practitioners based on Delphi method has been preliminarily constructed, which can be used to evaluate the health literacy level of general practitioners.

ObjectiveTo investigate the possible mechanisms of modified Xiaoyao Powder （逍遥散） in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia （HPRL） with liver constraint and spleen deficiency. MethodsNinety-six female SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group （n=16） and a modeling group （n=80）. In the modeling group， rats were subjected to chronic unpredictable stress combined with intraperitoneal injection of metoclopramide to establish a rat model of HPRL with liver constraint and spleen deficiency. The 80 successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into a model group， a high， medium， and low-dose group of modified Xiaoyao Powder， and a bromocriptine group， with 16 rats in each group. The high， medium， and low-dose groups of modified Xiaoyao Powder were orally administered doses of 60， 30， and 15 g/（kg·d） respectively， the bromocriptine group was orally administered bromocriptine tablets at a dose of 1 mg/（kg·d）， and the normal group and model group were orally administered 10 ml/（kg·d） of normal saline for 14 consecutive days. ELISA was used to detect serum prolactin （PRL） level； immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α） and tyrosine hydroxylase （TH） in the hypothalamus； Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 （TNFR1） in the hypothalamus； Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of receptor interacting protein kinase 3 （RIP3） in the hypothalamus； immunofluorescence was used to detect the co-expression of RIP3 and dopamine neurons in the hypothalamus. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the serum PRL levels were increased in the model group， and the expression of hypothalamic TNF-α， TNFR1， RIP3 mRNA， and the co-expression of RIP3 with dopamine neurons were significantly increased， while TH expression was decreased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， the expression of hypothalamic TNF-α was decreased in the bromocriptine group and low-dose group of modified Xiaoyao Powder， and the expression of TH was significantly increased in the medium and high-dose groups of modified Xiaoyao Powder and the bromocriptine group. The serum PRL levels， hypothalamic TNFR1 and RIP3 mRNA expression， and the co-expression of RIP3 with dopamine neurons were significantly decreased in all dose groups of modified Xiaoyao Powder and the bromocriptine group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the bromocriptine group， the serum PRL level were significantly increased in the high and low-dose groups of modified Xiaoyao Powder， TH expression was significantly increased in the medium-dose group of modified Xiaoyao Powder， hypothalamic RIP3 mRNA expression was decreased in the low-dose group of modified Xiaoyao Powder， and the co-expression of RIP3 with dopamine neurons was significantly increased in the high-dose group of modified Xiaoyao Powder （P＜0.01）. ConclusionModified Xiaoyao Powder can regulate the programmed cell death of hypothalamic dopamine neurons， affect DA expression， and regulate PRL levels， which may be one of its mechanisms in the treatment of HPRL with liver constraint and spleen deficiency.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects and mechanisms of the long-snake moxibustion on ankylosing spondylitis (AS) based on Th17/Treg/Th1 immune imbalance. METHODS: A total of 60 AS patients were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. In the observation group, the long-snake moxibustion therapy was used on the acupoints of the governor vessel from Dazhui (GV 14) to Yaoshu (GV 2) as well as the bilateral Jiaji (EX-B 2) alternatively. The moxibustion was given once a day, for 7 days continuously as one course. There were 3 days at the interval between the courses and 4 courses were required. In the control group, the routine western medication was provided, the salazosulfapyridine combined with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were used, for 7 days continuous as one course. A total of 4 courses of medication were required. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was adopted to determine the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-23 (IL-23) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The real-time quantification polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the mRNA expressions of the specific transcription factors, FoxP3 and T-bet of the helper 17 cells (Th17), regulatory T cells (Treg) and T helper 1 cells (Th1). The flow cytometry was applied to determine the rates of Treg, Th1 and Th17, as well as the changes of the inflammatory reaction index, C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: After treatment, the total effective rate was 93.3% (28/30) in the observation group, which was better than 86.7% (26/30) in the control group (<0.05). After treatment, the levels of CRP, ESR, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23 and TNF-α, as well as the rate of Th17 were reduced significantly as compared with those before treatment in the observation group (all <0.05). The mRNA expressions of FoxP3 and T-bet and the rates of Treg and Th1 were increased as compared with those before treatment (all <0.05). The change degree in the observation group was significant as compared with the control group (all <0.05). In the control group, the levels of CRP, ESR, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23 and TNF-α, as well as the rate of Th17 were reduced, and the mRNA expressions of FoxP3 and T-bet and the rates of Treg and Th1 were increased after treatment. But the changes were not significant as compared with those before treatment (all >0.05). CONCLUSION The long-snake moxibustion effectively relieves the clinical symptoms in AS patients and regulates the Th17/Treg/Th1 immune imbalance. Its effect target is probably related to the modulation of the AS immune derangement and the inflammatory responses induced by immune derangement so as to achieve the dual-positive regulatory effect.
Animals ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Count ; Moxibustion ; Snakes ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing ; therapy ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; Th1 Cells ; Th17 Cells

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic inguinal lymph node dissection(L-ILND)and open inguinal lymph node dissection(O-lLND)in the treatment of penile cancer after radical penile cancer surgery. Methods:The clinical outcomes of 63 patients who were diagnosed with penile cancer(TNM staging:T1_3,N0-3,M0)and received L-ILND(41 cases)or O-ILND(22 cases)after radical penile cancer surgery in Department of Urology,Hubei Cancer Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology from 2008 to 2020 were retrospectively studied.The primary endpoint of this study was overall survival,and the secondary endpoints were 5-year overall survival and 5-year cancer-specific survival.The different clinical characteristics were compared between the L-ILND group and O-ILND group.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to study the risk facotrs for postoperative wound complications.Kaplan-Meier method was used for prognosis analysis.COX regression analysis was used to investigate the factors for overall survival prediction. Results:Among the 63 penile cancer patients studied,41 patients received L-ILND and the remaining 22 received O-ILND.There were no statistically significant differences in the baseline characteristics between the two groups of patients.The median overall survival(78 months vs 72 months,P=0.844),5-year overall survival rate(74.5％vs 78.3％,P=0.144),5-year cancer-specific survival rate(77.2％vs 71.4％,P=0.228)showed no obvious difference between L-ILND and O-ILND group.The rate of postoperative wound complications in the O-ILND group was significantly higher than that in the L-ILND group(74％vs 15％,P=0.01 2).The result of multivariate COX regression analysis showed that tumor grade[hazard ratio(H-R)=2.774,P=0.021]and lymph node pathological stage(HR=1.482,P=0.024)were significantly correlated with patients'prognosis. Conclusion:The clinical efficacy of L-ILND and O-ILND is similar,but L-ILND has a higher safety profile and lower incidence of postoperative wound complications.Therefore,L-ILND is a more ideal surgical approach for inguinal lymph node dissection after radical penile cancer surgery.

Sensory conflict impacts postural control, yet its effect on cortico-muscular interaction remains underexplored. We aimed to investigate sensory conflict's influence on the cortico-muscular network and postural stability. We used a rotating platform and virtual reality to present subjects with congruent and incongruent sensory input, recorded EEG (electroencephalogram) and EMG (electromyogram) data, and constructed a directed connectivity network. The results suggest that, compared to sensory congruence, during sensory conflict: (1) connectivity among the sensorimotor, visual, and posterior parietal cortex generally decreases, (2) cortical control over the muscles is weakened, (3) feedback from muscles to the cortex is strengthened, and (4) the range of body sway increases and its complexity decreases. These results underline the intricate effects of sensory conflict on cortico-muscular networks. During the sensory conflict, the brain adaptively decreases the integration of conflicting information. Without this integrated information, cortical control over muscles may be lessened, whereas the muscle feedback may be enhanced in compensation.
Humans ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Electromyography/methods* ; Electroencephalography/methods* ; Brain ; Brain Mapping