OBJECTIVE To give details of the resistance of Staphylococcus aureus infection to various types of drugs.METHODS The laboratory data of resistant S.aureus from Nov 2005 to Dec 2006 were investigated and analyzed and compared the results to the standard sample.RESULTS The sequence of the antibacterial agents resistant to the S.aureus in decreasing order was azithromycin(91.66%),penicillin(88.57%),ceftazidime(87.50%) and amoxicillin(73.53%) with the age distribution of the sufferers from 31-40 years old. It was found 23.86% patients(42 samples) had the positive rate in prostatic fluid of 32.95%.CONCLUSIONS Based on the patient conditions,provide the appropriate drug treatment would avoid the occurrence of resistant S.aureus.

PURPOSE: This study is aimed to investigate perceptions of caregivers and medical staff toward do not resuscitate (DNR) and advance directives (AD). METHODS: Participants were 141 caregivers and 272 medical staff members from five general hospitals. A questionnaire used for the study consisted of 20 items: 14 about DNR perceptions, three about AD, one each for age, gender and employment. RESULTS: Both medical staff and caregivers strongly recognized the need for DNR and AD, and the level of recognition was higher with medical staff than caregivers (DNR chi2=44.56, P=0.001; AD chi2=16.23, P=0.001). The main reason for the recognition was to alleviate sufferings of patients in the terminal phase. In most cases, DNR and AD were filled out when patients with terminal conditions were admitted, and patients made the decisions by consulting with their guardians. Medical staff better recognized the need and for growing demand for guidelines for the DNR and AD decision making process than caregivers (chi2=7.41, P=0.0025). CONCLUSION: This study showed that patients highly rely on their caregivers when making decisions for DNR and AD. Thus, it is important that patients and caregivers are provided with objective information about the decisions. Since participants' strong support for DNR and AD was mainly aimed at alleviating patients' suffering, further study is needed in the association with hospice care. Medical staff also needs to understand the different views held by caregivers and fully consider the disparity when informing patients/caregivers to make the DNR and AD decisions.
Advance Directive Adherence ; Advance Directives ; Caregivers* ; Decision Making ; Employment ; Hospice Care ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Medical Staff* ; Personnel, Hospital ; Resuscitation Orders ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Ultraviolet light(193nm) produced by an Excimer laser has a photochemical effect upon organic structures, which breaks molecular bonds without producing thermal damage. We performed argon fluoride Excimer laser radial keratotomy and treated 32 eyes of myopia and myopic-astigmatism from Febraury to september, 1989. All eyes were followed up over 3 months, and the results were as follows: 1. Mean reduction by skiascopy was 2.47 diopters, that is, 1.9 diopters of moderate myopia, 2.75 diopters of high myopia. By keratometry, mean reduction was 1.45 diopters, that is, 1.68 diopters of moderate myopia, 1.33 diopters in high myopia. In correction for best visual acuity, spectacle diopters were decreased average 2.40 diopters, that is, 2.35 diopters of moderate myopia, 2.45 diopters of high myopia. The astigmatic reduction in 2 cases were 2.0 diopters and 3.0 diopters respectively after Ruiz operation. 2. Uncorrected visual acuity after surgery was 20/50 or better in 41% of entire eye group, that is, 67% of moderate myopia, 25% of high myopia.
Argon ; Astigmatism* ; Fluorides ; Keratotomy, Radial* ; Lasers, Excimer* ; Myopia* ; Retinoscopy ; Visual Acuity

The device for central photorefractive keratectomy(CPRK) was recently introduced for the correction of myopia. Of 61 sighted myopic eyes treated by CPRK. there were 21 female and 40 male patients. The eves were classified in the 3 refraction groups. Group I included eyes with myopia ranging from -2.0 to -4.75 D (3 eyes); Group II eyes with myopia ranging from -4.0 to -5.75 D (17 eyes); and Group III eyes with myopia ranging from -6.0 to -9.0 D (41 eyes). On the sixth postoperative months, mean skiascopic correction of the group I, II, and Ill were 2.30 D, 4.19 D and 6.01 D, respectively, and mean reduction of keratometric diopter of the group I, II and Ill were 2.28 D, 2.99 D and 3.26 D, respectively. Six months postoperatively, mean uncorrected visual acuity of the group I, II and Ill were 20/30, 20/25 and 20/40, respectively. The CPRK was better to the correction of moderate and high myopia than Excimer laser RK(Radial Keratotomy) or RK by diamond knife.
Diamond ; Female ; Humans ; Lasers, Excimer* ; Male ; Myopia* ; Photorefractive Keratectomy* ; Visual Acuity

We have performed epikeratoplasty to correct the visual acuity in high myopia who are more than -8.0D and intolerant to the wearing of contract lens, and for the aphakic eyes. It has been also applied to supress the progression of keratoconus. Of 118 eyes performed from january 1989 to july 1992, a total of 90 eyes which could be followed up were subject to the review, including 66 high myopic eyes, 18 keratoconus, and 6 aphakic eyes. In myopic patients, uncorrected visual acuity was stable from a proeperative mean of 0.04 to 0.58 at 4 months. Spherical equivalent was stable from a preoperative mean of -13.99 to -2.01 at 4 months. In keratoconus patients with mean 10.1 months follow-tp, uncorrected visual acuity was changed from 0.05 to 0.33 Corrected viaual acuity was changed from 0.15 to 0.60, keratometry reading was changed from 55.87D to 45.92D. Of 6 aphakic eyes, spherical equivalent of 3 pediatric: aphakic eyes under the age of 3 was changed from +15.0D to +3.41, for the other 3 adult aphakic eyes, spherical equivalent was changed from +9.5D to +1.83D and uncorrected visual acuity was changed from 0.03 to 0.32. Epikeratoplasty is effective surgery applicable to the correction of myopia more than -8.0D, keratoconus, and aphakia.
Adult ; Aphakia* ; Epikeratophakia* ; Humans ; Keratoconus* ; Myopia* ; Visual Acuity

BACKGROUND: Keloids and hypertrophic scars may complicate wound healing secondary to trauma or surgery. They are benign growths of dermal collagen that usually cause major physical, psychological, and cosmetic problems for patients. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of using a 5-FU (Fluorouracil)/Triamcinolone acetonide (TCN) mixture to treat keloids and hypertrophic scars. Further, the results were compared via TCN alone. METHODS: Patient chart from 2007 to 2011 were reviewed. Patients were stratified into 2 groups: (1) intralesional injection of TCN 0.1 ml (40 mg/ml) mixed with 5-FU 0.9 ml (50 mg/ml), every 2 weeks; (2) intralesional injection of TCN (20 mg/ml), every 2 weeks. Lesions were assessed for height, erythema, pliability, pruritus, pain/tenderness, patient-self assessment and side effects at baseline (initiation of treatment) and at weeks 2, 4, 6. RESULTS: There has been 23 patients (43 lesions) that completed the study. At the 2, 4, 6 week visits, both groups showed an acceptable improvement in all nearly parameter., However, in comparison between the groups, there was no statistically significant differences (p>0.05). Complications such as injection pain and hyperpigmentation were seen in both treatment groups. CONCLUSION: The overall efficacy of 5-FU/TCN mixture was comparable with TCN alone.
Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; Collagen ; Cosmetics ; Erythema ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Injections, Intralesional ; Keloid ; Pliability ; Pruritus ; Triamcinolone ; Triamcinolone Acetonide ; Wound Healing

Hepatitis A is generally regarded as a mild, self-limiting disease of the liver. Acute renal failure has rarely been reported in association with non-fulminant acute hepatitis A. Acute tubular necrosis is the most common form of renal injury in such patients. We recently experienced two cases of hepatitis A in which acute renal failure occurred early in the course of the illness and had a clinical course suggestive of acute tubular necrosis. In both patients, the clinical course of renal dysfunction was almost parallel to that of hepatic dysfunction. Hemodialysis was performed in patient 1 because of severe uremia despite maintaining urine output more than 2,000 mL per day. On the other hand, hemodialysis was not performed in patient 2 who showed a rapid recovery of renal dysfunction. The renal biopsy of patient 1 demonstrated typical findings of acute tubular necrosis on microscopy.
Acute Disease ; Adult ; Hepatitis A/complications/*diagnosis/pathology ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Acute/complications/*diagnosis/pathology ; Male ; Renal Dialysis/methods

This retrospective analysis describes the clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome of 15 patients with C2 fracture. The Age of the patients varied from 28 to 71. There were only two female patients whose mean age was 25.5 while the mean age of 13 male patients was 44.6. Five patients showed odontoid process fracture, three had C2 body fracture and the remainder were traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis. The fractures were caused by falls in two patients(13.3%) while in 11 patients(73.3%) they were associated with motor-vehicle accidents. The other two patients were injured by falling objects. No patients suffered a neurological injury associated with the fracture. Three patients are still hospitalized, and follow-up was lost for 2 patients. In 10 patients mean follow-up period was 7 months. External immobilization with halovest was done on all patients. Additionally, anterior interbody fusion was done on 1 patient(Case No. 3). All patients showed the union radiologically, and resumed routine activity. Only 4 of them complained minor limited range of motion of the neck.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Male ; Neck ; Odontoid Process ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Spondylolisthesis

Cutaneous metastasis is a relatively rare complication of internal malignancy and has been reported in 0.7% to 9% of all malignant cancers. It may be an important clue for undiagnosed malignancies or even the prognosis of primary cancers. Cutaneous metastatic cancers vary in type and are rarely presented with zosteriform distribution. The lung is one of the most common primary sites of zosteriform cutaneous metastasis. We describe a 52-year-old man with a prior history of lung cancer in whom zosteriform cutaneous metastasis developed along the right T4-5 dermatome on his trunk. This case highlights the importance of the differential diagnosis of cutaneous metastasis with zosteriform distribution and the need of skin biopsy in order to confirm the early diagnosis.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Early Diagnosis ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Skin

Lichen striatus is an uncommon, self-limiting dermatosis that is characterized by linearly distributed eruptions that follow Blaschko's lines. It usually occurs unilaterally, but few cases of bilateral or multilinear eruptions have also been reported. In addition, lichenstriatus is commonly seen in children and rarely affects adults. We report a case of 29-year-old woman with multiple, unilateral lichen striatus on the right abdomen and right chest that was treated successfully with topical tacrolimus.
Abdomen ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Lichens ; Skin Diseases ; Tacrolimus ; Thorax