Objective To investigate the dormancy reason of the seeds by studying on intrinsic inhibitor in the seed of Paeonia lactiflora.Methods Biological methods and embryo culture were carried out to study the activity of intrinsic inhibitor in the testa and endosperm of the P.lactiflora seeds.ResultsThe Activity of intrinsic inhibitor exists in the testa and endosperm,and both of the intrinsic inhibitors showed stronger inhibitory effect on the growth of younger roots of Brassica pekinensis than that on their seed germination.The Rf 0.5 section of the ether extract of endosperm showed the strongest inhibition on the growth of younger roots of B.pekinensis(relative rate: 36.36%).All embryos that inoculated on different culture medium could root,but the epicotyls of embryos that inoculated on culture medium without GA3 could not elongate,which showed that the embryo in vitro also exists the dormancy of epicotyl,or embryo with inhibitor.Conclusion Intrinsic inhibitor in the seed of P.lactiflora is the main factor that results in its dormancy.

Objective To seek the optimization hormone combination for the callus induction and differentiation from cotyledon and hypocotyl explants of Chrysanthemum morifolium through tissue culture. Methods Cotyledon and hypocotyl explants were cultured on various medium with different hormone combinations. Results Callus could be inducted on every media designed in this experiment,but the effects to the induction and differentiation culture of buds were different.The results showed that the medium MS+IAA 0.3 mg/L+6-BA 12 mg/L was suitable to the induction of callus from cotyledon and hypocotyl.The optimal hormone combination was MS+IAA 0.3 mg/L+6-BA 4 mg/L for the initiation of adventitious bud of cotyledon.The shoot regeneration percentage reached 67.5%.The optimal medium for the initiation of adventitious bud of hypocotyl was MS+KT 2 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L.The shoot regeneration percentage reached 62.5%.Rooting was induced on 1/2 MS+NAA 0.1 mg/L,and the root inducting ratio reached 100% in 7 d. Conclusion A rapid plantlet regeneration system for C. morifolium is established from cotyledon and hypocotyl explants.Bud induction frequency is higher and the shoots in vitro grow vigorously.

Objective To study chemical constituents in the leaves of Acanthopanax gracilistylus.Methods The chemical components were isolated and purified by silica gel,ODS C-18,and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatogram.The chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data.Results Seventeen compounds were isolated and identified as(-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid(Ⅰ),quercetin(Ⅱ),kaempferol(Ⅲ),protocatechuic acid(Ⅳ),acankoreoside A(Ⅴ),acantrifoside A(Ⅵ),3?,11?-dihydroxy-20(29)-lupene-23,28-dioic acid(Ⅶ),?-sitosterol(Ⅷ),daucosterol(Ⅸ),palmitic acid(Ⅹ),rutin(Ⅺ),stigmast-5,22-dien-3-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(ⅩⅡ),acankoreagenin(ⅩⅢ),3,11-dihydroxy-23-oxo-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid(ⅩⅣ),3-hydroxy-23-oxo-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid(ⅩⅤ),myristin(ⅩⅥ),and acanthopanaxgric acid(ⅩⅦ).Conclusion Compounds Ⅱ-Ⅳ,Ⅶ,Ⅺ,ⅩⅡ,ⅩⅣ,and ⅩⅤ are obtained from the leaves of the plant for the first time and compounds ⅩⅦ is a new proved compound named acanthopanaxgric acid.

Objective To determine the content of paeoniflorin with different medicinal parts in Radix Paeoniae Alba and offer a reference for collection and processing. Methods The content of paeoniflorin was measured by HPLC method. Combining air drying with weight relief condition, the content of paeoniflorin was calculated in fresh Radix Paeoniae Alba. Results There was the highest content of paeoniflorin in Radix Paeoniae Alba in 24～48 hours after collection, and the another increasing of the content was founded 120 hours after collection. Conclusion Radix Paeoniae Alba should be processed in 48 hours after collection.

Objective To find out the proper concentration of ZnSO4?7H2O as foliar fertilizer used for Pinellia ternata, and to provide reference for high yield of P.ternate,effects of zinc on the carbon and nitrogen metabolism in leaves of P.ternata and the yield were studied.Methods Seedlings of P.ternata were employed as the experiment material.At the stage of full seedling,ZnSO4?7H2O of different concentration was sprayed on the leaves,the indexes of carbon and nitrogen metabolism were determined on the day 10,the weight of tubers and bulbils were measured at the sprout tumble stage.Results The yield of P.ternata has an exceedingly significant positive correlation with the contents of soluble sucrose and starch in the leaves,a significant positive correlation with the content of photosynthetic pigment and the aldolase activity,and a negative correlation with the amylase activity.In addition,the yield shows both an exceedingly significant positive correlation whith the nitrate reductase activity and a significant positive correlation with the content of protein.At the stage of full seedling,zinc sprayed on leaves can increase the content of photosynthetic pigment and improve the capability of photosynthesis.Meanwhile,spraying zinc can also promote the accumulation of soluble sucrose and starch in the leaves because of its stimulation on aldolase and inhibition on amylase.Besides,spraying zinc on leaves could improve the activity of nitrate reductase and the content of protein,and finally increase the yield of P.ternata.Conclusion The concentration of 600 mg/L is the best for ZnSO4?7H2O used as foliar fertilizer for P.ternate at the stage of full seedling.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of four trace elements Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu on growth of the 2nd- and the 3rd-years Paeonia lactiflora.

METHODThe experiment was designed as randomized blocks. The data of physiological parameters such as fresh weight of root, numbers of bud and root division, length and diameter of the root and the contents of paeoniflorin in root were measured after fertilized with the four trace elements. Also the contents of the four trace elements in soil and roots, stem and leaves of P. lactiflora were detected by atomic absorption spectrometry.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe growth of the P. lactiflora was improved and the content of paeoniflorin was increased by proper level of Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu, but depressed by the higher level. Only Zn can be accumulated in the roots of P. lactiflora.

Benzoates ; metabolism ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; metabolism ; Copper ; pharmacology ; Glucosides ; metabolism ; Iron ; pharmacology ; Manganese ; pharmacology ; Monoterpenes ; Paeonia ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; Zinc ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the different and the variety of four organic acids in leaves of Isatis indigotica among different cultivated populations in water stress condition and healthy plant.

METHODFour kinds of organic acids, such as oxalic acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid and citric acid from the leaves, were detected by HPLC.

RESULTSignificant differences of four organic acids in the leaves of Beijing, Mongolia, Hebei and Shanxi cultivated populations. Compared with the healthy plant, the content of oxalic acid, malic acid and citric acid in water stress were increased, while the content of ascorbic acid was decreased.

CONCLUSIONContents of four organic acids can act as the guideline factor in I. indigotica because they were related with the water stress condition.

Ascorbic Acid ; chemistry ; metabolism ; China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Citric Acid ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Dehydration ; Isatis ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Malates ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Oxalic Acid ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of NH4(+)-N/NO3(-)-N ratios in the applied supplementary fertilizer on the growth, nitrogen metabolis related enzymes activity and photosynthetic characteristics of Isatis indigotica.

METHODThe sand culture experiment was conducted, and seedling of I. indigotica was fertilized with the mixed nutrition that containing the Hoagland's macro elements and the Aron's micro elements, the additional 63 mmol N was supplementary with the NH4(+)-N/NO3(-)-N ratio of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100.

RESULTThe biomass of I. indigotica increased at first when the supplementary N of NH4(+)-N/NO3(-)-N ratio changed from 100:0 to 50:50 and decreased afterwards. The maximum value was at 50:50 and the minimum at 100: 0. With increasing the ratio of NO3(-)-N, the activity of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase increased and then decreased and the relationship between the activity and the ratio could be described with an approximate parabola curve. The net photosynthetic rate of I. indigotica was the highest at the NH4(+)-N/NO3(-)-N ratio of 75:25 and the lowest at 100:0.

CONCLUSIONIncreasing the NO3(-)-N ratio properly was beneficial to promote the growth and improve the activity of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase and net photosynthetic rate of I. indigotica.

Biomass ; Fertilizers ; analysis ; Isatis ; chemistry ; enzymology ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Nitrate Reductase ; metabolism ; Nitrate Reductases ; metabolism ; Nitrates ; analysis ; metabolism ; Nitrogen ; analysis ; metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Proteins ; metabolism ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; analysis ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the salt stress tolerance of Hongxinju, Huangju and F1 seedlings from orthogonal and reciprocal cross under different salt treatments. Grope for transmissibility of salt tolerance between parents and F1 seedlings, and relativity between flavone, chlorogenic acid contents and salt tolerance.

METHODThe materials were put in 5 different concentrations of Hoagland nutrient solution (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 mmol x L(-1)) containing NaCl, keeping grads while raising the consistency of NaCl day by day. The injured leaf area per plant, proline, betaine, MDA, flavones and chlorogenic acid contents were measured and analyzed after treatment.

RESULTAs NaCl concentration was below 120 mmol x L(-1), the salt tolerance of Hongxinju was higher than that of Huangju, the salt tolerance of Hongxinju x Huangju higher than that of parents, the salt tolerance of Huangju x Hongxinju was at the level of parents. As NaCl concentration between 120 to 160 mmol x L(-1), the salt tolerance of Huangju was higher than that of Hongxinju, the salt tolerance of Huangju x Hongxinju higher than that of parents and the salt tolerance of Hongxinju x Huangju was at the level of parents.

CONCLUSIONSalt tolerance of F1 is more influenced by female parent, relativity showed between flavonoids, chlorogenic acid contents and salt tolerance.

Breeding ; China ; Chlorides ; metabolism ; Chrysanthemum ; genetics ; growth & development ; physiology ; Salt-Tolerance ; Seedlings ; genetics ; growth & development ; physiology