AIM: To analyse the variety of the alkaloid and volatile oil from Herba Ephedrae after mix-fring with honey. METHODS: The volatile oil was analysed by GC-MS and the total alkaloids were determined by method of Chp. RESULTS: The volatile oil changed distinctly. The contents of Isolineole、p-Cymene、D-limonene、Evcalyptol、?-Terpinen increased evidently, but the contents of Benzaldehyde、Tetramethylpyrazine、p-Vinylanisole、?-Terpineol、?-Terpineol decreased and the contents of the total alkaloids decrease as well. CONCLUSION: The study provides a new experimental basis for the process theory of Herba Ephedrae.

Humans ; Vertigo ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials

The writer observed the sural anastomotic nerve on 276 lower limbs from 138 corpses, including 11 adults and 127 new-borns (84 male, 54 females). It was found that sural anastomotic nerves are present in 219 cases (79.3%) and absent in 57 cases(20.7%). The ways of anastomosis of these nerves fall into the following four types: (1) Type A: The sural anastomotic and lateral sural cutaneous branches arise from peroneal nerve with a common trunk—108 cases (49.7%). (2) Type B: The sural anastomotic nerve is one of the terminal branches of thelateral sural cutaneous nerve—48 cases (21.9%). (3) Type C: The lateral sural cutaneous nerve arises from sural anastomoticnerve—35 cases (16%). (4) Type D: The lateral sural cutaneous and sural anastomotic branches arise separately from the common peroneal nerve—28 cases (12.8%).

The oral glucose tolerance test,insulin release test and C peptide relea se test were carried out in 69 hypertensive patients and 55 normotensive subjects. It was found that,the concentrations of blood glucose,serum insulin and C peptide and the occurrence rates of glucose metabolic abnormality(diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance)of hypertensive group were higher than those of normotensive control group.The co-existence of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia suggests the existence of insulin resistance.

Objective To study characteristics of clinical manifestation of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods From 1999 to 2002,the risk factors,symptoms,signs,and results of assistant check of 97 patients with AMI were analyzed.They were divided into thrombelytic group and control group.Results (1) The main risk factor are hypertention,smoking and diabetes.(2) There was no difference in complication of AMI between two groups.Thrombolytic group has higher curing rate.Conclusion AMI patients without contraindication should be treated by thrombolytion in time.

Objective To investigate the dynamic variation of flavonoids contents in the flowers of Citrus grandis at different flowering periods. Methods The content of total flavonoids in the flowers of Citrus grandis was determined by means of ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy ,and the contents of naringin and rhoifolin were determined by HPLC. Results The content of total flavonoids in the flowers during the flower withering period ,the young fruit period ,the blossom period,and the budding period was 306.90 mg.g-1,277.93 mg.g-1,215.55 mg.g-1 and 162.74 mg.g-1 respectively. The naringin content during the above four different periods was 246.31 mg.g-1,213.93 mg.g-1,175.94 mg.g-1 and 130.90 mg.g-1 respectively. The rhoifolin content during the four periods was unchanged. Conclusion The contents of total flavonoids and naringin in flowers of Citrus grandis during flower withering period are the highest.

Amyloidosis ; pathology ; Female ; Gadolinium ; Heart Diseases ; pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardium ; pathology

Objective To explore the relationship between left atrial diameters (LAD) and prothrombotic state in senile patients with hypertension (HT) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Mcthods Totally 105 patients with cssential hypertension were divided into 65 patients with atrial fibrillation and 40 cases without atrial fibrillation,and then patients with atrial fibrillation were subgrouped into paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation groups.30 healthy people without hypertension and atrial fibrillation were used as control group.LAD was determined by M type ultrasound cardiogram.Fibrinogen (Fg),D-Dimer(D-Dimer),von willebrand (vwF) and haematocrit (HCT) were also measured as prothrombotic state and compared among the groups. Results In groups of HT with AF versus HT without AF versus control,LAD[(43.56 ± 6.72) mm vs.(36.28 ± 5.83) mm vs.(31.63±4.32)mm],Fg[(4.24±0.59)g/L vs.(3.09 ±0.49)g/L vs.(2.80± 0.46)g/L],D-Dimer [(0.43±0.13)mg/L vs.(0.28±0.]0)mg/L vs.(0.18±0.08)mg/L],vwF[(290.44±29.02)％ vs.(101.32±21.36)％ vs.(84.15±20.26) ％],HCT[(0.46±±0.07)vs.(0.37±0.05)vs.(0.34±0.03)]were significantly higher in HT patients with atrial fibrillation than those without atrial fibrillation and control ( all P＜ 0.05),and there were differences in LAD and D-Dimet (P＜＜0.05),but not in Fg,vwF and HCT (all P＞0.05) between patients without atrial fibrillation and control.LAD[(46.75±7.32)mm vs.(40.82±6.21)mm],Fg [(4.68±0.65)g/L vs.(3.85±0.53)g/L],D-Dimer [(0.48±0.16)mg/L vs.(0.40±0.12)mg/L],vwF [(384.96±29.75)％ vs.(209.43±28.63)％] and HCT [(0.49±0.08)vs.(0.43±0.06)] in persistent atrial fibrillation group were increased than those in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Fg ( r =0.683 ),D-Dimer ( r =0.735 ),vwF ( r=0.763) and HCT(r=0.759)were corrclated with LAD (all P＜0.01). Conclusions Increased LADmight he one of the elevated risks of atrial fibrillation and a higher prothrombotic state is increasing with larger LAD in senile hypertension.

Objective To identify the diagnostic criteria and investigate the incidence and distribution of the patellofemoral arthritis in aged people in Wuchuan region of the Inner Mongolia of China. Methods A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1030 residents aged 50 years and over of Wuehuan County, Inner Mongolia. Survey participants, mostly farmers, reported heavy physical activity, completed an interview-based questionnaire and Skyline View weight-bearing films were evaluated for KeU-gren and Lawrence (K/L) grade. Radiological patellofemoral arthritis (RPFA) and symptomatic patellofemoral arthritis (SPFA) were defined. Statistical package SPSS 14.0, crosstabs chi-squae test and Excel were adopted for statistical analysis. Results One thousanod and twenty-five participants were included in this study and 2050 knee joint Skyline View weight-bearing films were analyzed. The incidence of RPFA was 8.72%(6.8% in men, and 10.5% inwomen). The incidence of SPFA was 6.33% (4.8% in men, and 8.0% in women).The RPFA incidence of age groups 50～, 60～,≥70 was 3.8%, 10.6%, 22.9% respectively, while the incidence of SPFA was 2.7%, 7.7%, 17.3% respectively. The Three age groups' SPFA/RPFA was 71.7%, 72.0%, 75.6% respectively. The incidence of RPFA was 6.00/0, 7.3%, 11.0%, 11.3%, and the incidence of SPFA was 4.2%,5.2%, 7.3%, 9.6% and the four SPFA/RPFA was 70.0%, 71.3%, 66.7%, 84.8% in people whose BMI was less than 18.5, 18.5～, 23.0～ and higher than ≥25.0 kg/m~2 respectively, 73.6% people had joint pain among RPFA.Conclusion The prevalence of symptomatic patellofemoral arthritis in the rural areas of China is 6.8%, the incidence of that in women is higher than in men, and elder people suffer a high incidence. And the heavier the people are, the higher the incidence of patellofemoral arthritis.

Objective To determine the expression of adapter protein p66Shc in mediating alveolar epithelial cells induced by hyperoxia and to explore their relationship.Methods A549 cells were cultured in vitro and divided randomly into a control group and a hyperoxia group.The hyperoxia group was exposed to a mixture of oxygen(O2,900 mL/L) and carbon dioxide(CO2,50 mL/L) for 10 min,then cultured in a closed environment.The changes in morphology were observed under inverted microscope after exposure to oxygen or air for 24 hours.The cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry (FC) after 24 hours.And the expression of p66Shc was detected by immunohistochemical method after 24 hours.The correlation of the changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and p66Shc protein expression was analyzed by using Bivariate correlation analysis.Results 1.Under inverted microscopy,A549 cells from the air group significantly increased,stuck to each other tightly and grew very quickly.Their adhesion was better,multy-angle oblate and many cells were in division phase.Compared with the control group,the changes in morphology of A549 were remarked and obvious than those in the hyperoxia group.The cells grew slowly,their counts decreased and the cell morphology changed from typical multi-angle oblate to round or ellipse.2.Compared with the control group,after 24 h,in hyperoxia group of A549 cells,red fluorescence decreased,and green fluorescence enhanced.3.Compared with the controls (0.057 664 88 ± 0.006 517 84),the expression of p66Shc (0.123 600 50 ± 0.004 227 23) was significantly increased in the hyperoxia group(t =-24.006,P ＜ 0.001).4.The decline of membrane potential was negatively correlated with the increased expression of p66Shc protein (R =-0.988,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions The hyperoxia induction could significantly increase in injured mediating alveolar epithelial cells induced by hyperoxia,the expression of p66Shc increases,the membrane potential declined,and they exhibit a negative correlation.So p66Shc may be involved in the process of high oxygen damage to human alveolar epithelial cells.