Objective To analyze the clinical data,radiological and pathological features of breast cancer which were understated by image,and summarize the causes.Methods The clinical features,radiological features and pathological data of 26 cases of breast cancer were retrospectively analyzed.The preoperative ultrasound and mammography BI-RADS grades of these 26 cases were both ≤ 3,and they were confirmed to be breast cancer by pathology.The clinical and pathological data of 1224 cases of breast cancer in the same period were compared.Results For the 26 cases,100％ were early breast cancer,100％ were HER2 negative breast cancer,and only 1 case had lymph node metastasis.26％ were special type of breast cancer.Mammography showed glandular multi type,and ultrasound showed atypical or typical benign features.Conclusions Breast cancer understated by image shows features of young age,early stage,well differentiated,low malignant degree,not easy to be visualized by mammography,and their ultrasound features are usually atypical.In clinical setting,analysis of the ultrasound and mammography images should be combined with other examination,to decrease misdiagnosis rate.

Objective To evaluate the effects of right ventricular pressure load on left ventricular ( LV) myocardial mechanics using speckle tracking technology ,and to detect the change of LV function in patients with pulmonary hypertension( PH) at a earlier stage ,in order to provide reference for early clinical intervention . Methods The study included 74 patients with PH and 40 healthy volunteers ,who had of similar age and sex distribution . According to the pulmonary artery systolic pressure ( PASP) ,patients with PH were divided into mild ,moderate and severe groups ,which were marked with A ,B ,C , respectively . All subjects underwent echocardiographic examination . Conventional echocardiographic parameters ,the systolic longitudinal ,radial and circumferential peak strain ( LS ,RS ,CS) in various segments of LV ,as well as basal and apical segment myocardial rotation angle peak and peak time were determined ,LV systolic global longitudinal ,radial and circumferential strain (GLS ,GRS ,GCS) ,free wall (LAT ,lateral wall+ posterior wall) and interventricular septum ( IVS ,anteroseptal+ posteroseptal) overall LS ,RS ,CS were calculated . Results ①LVejectionfraction(LVEF):groupA,B,Chadnosignificantreduction(P>0.05)thanthe control group . ②Overall LS ,RS ,CS of LAT of LV and IVS and GLS ,GRS ,GCS of LV :B ,C group were lower than the control group and group A and C were lower than group B ( P < 0 .05) . ③ The rotation angle in ventricular apical basal segments and segment :group B and C were lower than the control group and group A and C were lower than group B ( P <0 .05) . ④GLS ,GRS ,GCS and overall LS ,RS ,CS of LAT and IVS were similar between group A and the control group( P >0 .05) ,but LV base segment rotation of groupAwaslowerthanthatofthecontrolgroup(P<0.05).Conclusions ①Rightventricularpressure overload can lead to increased LV mechanical damage ,LV strain changes were earlier than the change of LVEF . ②LV strain with increased right ventricular pressure overload is gradually reduced . ③Compared with other strain parameters , LV basal segments rotation angle were able to detect changes of LV myocardiol mechanics in patients with PH more sensitively .

As the urgent need of both clinic and research,the identification of hypertonia subtypes is becoming more and more important. Hypertonia assessment tool is a standardized discriminative measure with good reliability and validity. Hypertonia assessment tool can identify paediatric hypertonia subtypes. For its easily learning,it can be easily generalized in clinician.

Objective To investigate the value of color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI) in diagnosing lower limb artery in-stent restenosis (ISR), and to provide the evidences for clinical application. Methods Patients with lower limb artery percutaneous transluminal stent insertion in 12 months were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups, CT angiography (CTA) or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was applied to diagnose ISR, 31 patients with 47 stenting which were diagnosed ISR was named as restenosis group, 63 patients with 89 stenting which were diagnosed no ISR was named as no stenosis group, and 30 normal person was enrolled and named as normal control group. Ultrasonic characteristics and peak systolic blood flow velocity (PSV), systolic blood flow acceleration time (AT) of proximal part, inner stents, distal part were recorded in restenosis group and no stenosis group, then compared with data in normal control group. Regression and receiver operator (ROC) curve were applied to analyse the correlation between PSV and AT. Results PSV of no stenosis group in common femoral artery, femoral artery, superifcial, popliteal artery stent respectively were (146.71±35.59) cm/s, (120.11±25.67) cm/s, (96.44±32.87) cm/s. PSV of normal control group in common femoral artery, femoral artery, superifcial, popliteal artery respective were (119.67±15.34) cm/s, (91.17±15.09) cm/s, (71.13±21.23) cm/s. There was statistically signiifcant difference between the two groups (t=2.457, 2.459, 2.321, all P<0.05). AT of no stenosis group in common femoral artery, femoral artery, superficial, popliteal artery stent respectively were (84.98±13.77) ms, (87.33±16.36) ms, (90.77±12.05) ms. AT of normal control group in common femoral artery, femoral artery, superficial, popliteal artery respective were (78.23±21.24) ms, (82.31±18.24) ms, (84.29±23.01) ms. There was no statistically signiifcant difference between the two groups (t=1.696, 1.904, 1.835, all P>0.05). PSV of restenosis group in proximal part, restenosis part, distal part respectively were (87.67±23.34) cm/s, (218.17±72.09) cm/s, (54.13±21.23) cm/s. PSV of no stenosis group in proximal part, inner stents, distal part respectively were (91.71±25.59) cm/s, (131.11±45.67) cm/s, (96.44±32.87) cm/s. There was statistically significant difference between restenosis part/inner stents, distal part (t=3.412, 3.511, both P<0.05). There was no statistically signiifcant difference between the two groups in proximal part (t=1.901, P>0.05). AT of restenosis group in proximal part, restenosis part, distal part respectively were (98.31±14.09) ms, (109.54±21.03) ms, (158.23±45.21) ms. AT of no stenosis group in proximal part, inner stents, distal part respectively were (84.98±13.77) ms, (86.34±19.36) ms, (83.77±17.05) ms. There was statistically signiifcant difference between restenosis part/inner stents, distal part (t=2.319, 3.610, both P<0.05). There was no statistically signiifcant difference between the two groups in proximal part (t=1.833, P>0.05). ROC curve showed that in ISR lower limb artery, PSV>168 cm/s had a sensitivity of 89.4%, speciifcity of 92.1%, the area under the ROC curve was 0.949;AT>127 ms, had a sensitivity of 86.8%, speciifcity of 98.0%, the area under the ROC curve was 0.867. Conclusions CDFI can detect the changes of PSV and AT, ISR can be detected and diagnosed earlier in lower limb artery. By combining PSV>168 cm/s with AT>127 ms, the value of ISR diagnosis can be increased.

No abstract available.
Neuroblastoma*

Authors carried out the survey for human paragonimiasis in Ko-Hoong County, Chun-Nam Province, Korea from July to September 1964 by the use of intradermal screening test with Veronal buffered saline antigen. Eight myuns (village) out of 13 myuns of this county were selected for the survey, regarding balanced selection. The number of 2,916 primary school children of high class and 764 residents of all age groups in these areas were examined (total 3,680; male 1,961; female 1,719). The following results were obtained in this survey. As a whole, 20.1 per cent of the examiners showed positive reaction, with sexual difference of 20.9 per cent in male and 19.1 per cent in female. In regional differences of positive rate, the highest rate(50.1 per cent) was showed at Po-Doo myun and lowest rate(3.6 per cent) was showed at Do-Yang myun. In age group, the highest positive rate was showed in 16 to 20 age group (46.7 per cent). In regional comparison of paragonimiasis infectivity of whole nation (province and county), Ko-Hoong County as nearly same as the Hea-Nam County, Chun-Nam Province follows next of Cheju Province, the highest prevalance area of paragonimiasis in Korea, in concentration of prevalence of paragonimiasis.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; paragonimiasis ; Paragonimus westermani ; skin test ; epidemiology ; Veronal buffered saline antigen

No abstract available.
Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation* ; Tetanus*

Multiple cerebral infarction developed in a 36-year-old woman with adenocarcinoma of the right lung with direct cardiac invasion. Neurological examination and brain MRI showed findings of ordinary infarction. Transesophageal echocardiography showed left atrial pedunculated mass which was the potential source of embolism. We report a rare case who had such multiple spontaneous tumor emboli large enough to result in clinically detectable cerebral infarction.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adult ; Brain ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; Embolism ; Female ; Humans ; Infarction ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating ; Neurologic Examination

Objective To investigate the immune cell population change during the anesthesia process in patients undergoing craniotomy surgery. Methods A total of 18 patients undergoing craniotomy who had an inhalational general anesthetic were selected as our subjects. Blood samples were collected before anesthesia (T0)and 30 min(T1),45 min(T2),60 min(craniotomy operated,T3),120 min(tumor resected,T4)and 240 min(T5)after anesthesia. Blood cell counts including neutrophils,monocytes and lymphocytes were determined along with lymphocyte subpopulations( T cells,inducer and helper T cells,suppressor and cytotoxic T cells,NK cells,B cells ). Data were analyzed by SPSS 13. 0 software. Results In terms of the immune cell during neuroanesthesia,induction neutrophils,monocytes and lymphocytes decreased significantly from( 4. 50 ± 2. 00 ) × 109/L(,0. 51 ± 0. 22)× 109/L,(1. 90 ± 0. 70)× 109/L to(3. 10 ± 1. 50)× 109/L,(0. 32 ± 0. 17)× 109/L, (1. 10 ± 0. 50)× 109/L at the 30 min after anesthesia,and the differences were significant( P﹤0. 05). It also showed that Ts and NK cells decreased significantly from( 0. 55 ± 0. 29 )× 109/L,( 0. 32 ± 0. 14 )× 109/L to (0. 33 ± 0. 22 )× 109/L,( 0. 10 ± 0. 08 )× 109/L at the 30 min after anesthesia,and the differences were significant( P﹤0. 05 ). Conclusion Special and non special immune system are inhibited during craniotomy, especially at the early anesthesia. Among the inhibited immune cells,neutrophils recover early and followed Ts and NK cells.

Objective To assess the correlation and agreement of the mitral valve geometry parameters obtained by real-time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography ( RT-3D-TTE) and real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography ( RT-3D-TEE) . Methods RT-3D-TTE and RT-3D-TEE were performed on 29 healthy volunteers under conscious state and general anesthesia respectively . The mid-systole mitral valve parameters were analyzed by TomTec Imaging Systems . The repeatability test of the mitral valve parameters obtained by RT-3D-TTE was performed . The correlation and agreement of the mitral valve parameters obtained by RT-3D-TTE and RT-3D-TEE were assessed , and then the differences of mitral valve parameters between the two methods were compared . The study was approved by the Shanxi Dayi Hospital Ethics Committee ( Approval no .YXLL-2015-040) . Results ① The mitral valve parameters obtained by RT-3D-TTE showed excellent intra- and interobserver reproducibility ,in intra-observer and inter-observer with ICC > 0 .8 for all the parameters ,and the Bland-Altman plots displayed the average differences of anterior-posterior ( AP) ,anterolateral-posteromedial ( ALPM ) ,annular circumference ( AC) ,three-dimensional annular area ( AA3D ) for intra- and interobserver were 0 .009 ± 0 .11 , - 0 .008 ± 0 .10 , - 0 .036 ± 0 .32 ,0 .030 ± 0 .36 in intra-observer and - 0 .018 ± 0 .09 ,0 .087 ± 0 .20 , - 0 .037 ± 0 .44 ,- 0 .016 ± 0 .62 in inter-observers ,respectively . ② There were close correlations ( r = 0 .566 - 0 .870 , P <0 .01) and good agreement ( ICC = 0 .719 - 0 .931 , P < 0 .01) between the mitral valve parameters obtained by RT-3D-TTE and RT-3D-TEE . ③ The mitral valve parameters obtained by RT-3D-TTE were similar to those obtained by RT-3D-TEE .Among the parameters ,AP ,two-dimensional annular area ( AA 2D ) ,annular height ( AH) ,tenting volume ( TV) ,anterior leaflet length ( ALL) and posterior leaflet length ( PLL) had no statistically significant differences between the two methods ( P > 0 .05) . The rest of parameters including ALPM ,sphericity ( SPI) ,commissural diameter (CD) ,AC ,AA 3D ,nonplanarity angle ( NPA) ,tenting height ( T H) ,maximum annular displacement ( ADmax) and maximum annular displacement velocity ( ADVmax) had significant differences ( P < 0 .05) . Conclusions The mitral valve parameters obtained by RT-3D-TTE are highly reproducible and similar to those obtained by RT-3D-TEE ,and the two methods have close correlations and good agreement . Therefore ,RT-3D-TTE has higher potential clinical application value in the evaluation of mitral valve geometry .