Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of adenosine receptors, A1 (A1R) and A2a (A2aR) in the brain from the acute to chronic phase after kindling and to explore the correlation between seizure and expression level of A1R and A2aR. MethodsRats were randomly selected into the testing model, reference and normal control groups.Testing rats were kindled by lithium choride-pilocarpine, reference rats were treated with saline, and no treatment was given in normal control group. The dynamic expression of A1R and A2aR were detected by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining and Western blot at time-points of 24 hours, 1 month and 6 months post-kindling. Results In the acute phase of 24 hours after kindling, the A1R expression level (mRNA level was (1. 1483 ±0. 1182); Western blot result was ( 0. 7872± 0. 0621 ) ; immunofluorescence staining count was ( 76. 17 ± 4. 62 )/HP) was increased and A2aR (mRNA level was (0. 8338±0. 0572) ; Western blot result was (0. 2098 ±0. 0257) ; immunofluorescence staining count was (43. 83 ± 5. 12 )/HP) was decreased.The results showed statistically difference compared with the reference and normal groups (P< 0. 05 ). In the later chronic phase of 1 month and 6 months after kindling, the expression level of A1R was decreased and A2aR was increased. These data revealed statistically significant difference (P <0. 01 ). Furthermore, the comparison of the results in 1 month and 6 months after kindling found that the expression of AIR was lower in 6 months (mRNA level was (0. 5682 ±0. 0443) ; Western blot result was (0. 7749 ±0. 0262) ; immunofluorescence staining count was (38. 50 ±4. 81 )/HP) than in 1 month and that of A2aR was higher in 6 months (mRNA level was (1. 2169±0. 0332) ; Western blot result was (0. 7080 ±0. 0371 ); immunofluorescence staining count was (114. 50 ± 4. 04)/HP). The differences were statistical significant (t = - 19. 02--13.28, P < 0. 05). ConclusionsThe expressions of A1R and A2AR during and after kindling presents a bidirectional change. In the acute phas the expression of AR is regulated to suppress seizures. While in the chronic phase, the repeated seizures result in the change of A1R and A2aR expression in the opposite direction. This mechanism plays an important role in refractory seizures.

Objective To clinically analyze the frequent stroke localizations of moyamoya disease in order to improve our cognition toward it and reduce missed diagnosis. Methods All 32 patients were prospectively analyzed over the past 10 years in our hospital. Results The ratio of female to male was 1.28 and their age of onset ranged from 7 to 47 years old. Mean age of 5 ischemic stroke patients (15.6%) was 24 and mean age of 21 haemorrhagic stroke patients (65.6%) was 33 while mean age of 6 mixed type stroke patients (18. 8% ) was 32. The frequent ischemic stroke localizations were frontoparietal lobe (60%),temporo-occipital lobe (20%), and periventricular zone (20%). The frequent haemorrhagic stroke iocalizations were periventricular zone (42.8%), ventricle (39.2%), temporo-occipital lobe (10. 8%) and subarachnoid space (7.2%). No cerebellum and brain stem stroke occurred. Conclusion Adult patients usually develop intracranial hemorrhage. Moyamoya disease should be considered severely when adult patients develop periventricular and ventricular intracranial hemorrhage, frontoparietal cerebral infarction or adolescent patients develop ischemic stroke, especially companied with epilepsy.

Forearm ; innervation ; Ganglion Cysts ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal ; innervation ; surgery ; Tendons ; surgery ; Ulnar Nerve ; surgery

AIM: In order to evaluate the applicable value of LDL as a targeted vehicle for chemotherapeutic agents, we investigated and compared the inhibitory effects of LDL-ACM complex and free ACM on nude mice's subcutaneous implanted tumors derived from gastric cancer cell lines, SGC-7901 and NKM-45. METHODS: LDL-ACM complex was prepared and the tumor model of nude mice was established by subcutaneous implantation of SGC-7901 and NKM-45. Then, the groups of nude mice developed subcutaneous implanted tumors were received either LDL-ACM complex or free ACM. Subsequently, the tumor size, weight and leukemia cell counts were measured and the rates of tumor-inhibition and the survival were compared among the groups. RESULTS: The inhibitory effects of LDL-ACM complex on the tumors, especially on SGC-7901 implanted tumors were much more obvious than that of free ACM. It was also indicated that the action of LDL-ACM complex was mediated by LDL receptor. CONCLUSION: These results showed that LDL-ACM complex had significant inhibitory effects on the implanted tumors and the effect might be mediated by LDL receptor.

· AIM: To explore the dynamic expression and correlation among telomerase catalytic subunit (TERT), proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA) and antiapoptosis protein Bd-2 which relate to cell proliferation in epiretinal membrane of rat traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR).· METHODS: S-P technique was applied for immunohistochemical staining of epiretinal membrane of traumatic PVR with TERT, PCNA and Bcl-2 antibody. HE staining was also carried out. The staining results were analyzed with image analysis system.· RESULTS: The positive rate and average A of PCNA protein were upregulated at first and then down-regulated, with the peak value in 14d Group, which was significantly different from those in 7d Group and 28d Group.The positive rate and average A of TERT and Bcl-2 were also upregulated at first and then down-regulated, with the peak value in 14d Group and 21d Group, which were significantly different from those in 7d Group. There was significant correlation among PCNA, Bcl-2 and TERT protein expression (P≤0.01).· CONCLUSTON: TERT and Bcl-2 take part in the regulation of proliferative cells in epiretinal membrane of traumatic proliferative PVR, with high correlation with the dynamic changes of cell proliferation.

Objective To examine the expression of protein kinase signaling cascade protein kinase B (Akt)-which plays an im-portant role in a number of key biological functions in cellular processes after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats ,and its effects on SCI induced motor function defects ,and to provide the molecular mechanism for repairing SCI .Methods SCI was produced by extra-dural contusion using modified Allen′s stall with damage energy .The rats were divided into three groups :sham-operated group (Sham) ,interference group (Int) ,and control group (Con) .Using immunostaining studies ,Western blot analyses and real-time qualitative RT-PCR analyses ,we detected the changes of Akt expression at the protein and mRNA level in spinal cord tissues at 1 , 7 ,and 14 d after surgery ,and evaluated the presence and extent of neurological impairment after SCI by the BBB locomotor rating scale .Results The sham operated groups exhibited low expression of the Akt signaling at the protein and mRNA level ,and the ex-pressions increased following SCI .Compared to the animals in the sham operated groups ,prominently elevated level of Akt signaling was detected in the injured spinal cords of SCI group .LY294002 ,an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) that initiates Akt phosphorylation ,prominently inhibited the expression of Akt produced by SCI and the spontaneous recovery of motor function after SCI .Conclusion Activated protein kinase signaling cascade Akt might be the important intervention aspects of involving in neuroprotective and repair process after SCI .

The clinical characters, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis (PKC), and efficacy of the anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) were investigated. Thirty-one patients with PKC were collected, and the clinical characters and change of EEG were analyzed. The average age of the first attack was 16.8 years old and the pinnacle was 10 to 20 years old. There were definite causes for every attack and the sudden movement was the most common one (92%). Time for the whole attack was always less than 1 min. The attack presented with muscle tension disturbance (83.9%), movement like dancing (16.1%), abnormal movement of mouth and face and other symptoms (16.2%). The attack tended to be very frequent and 71% patients were beyond once per day. The EEG examination and image scan of primary PKC were normal in most patients. Low dosage of AEDs could control the attack of 50%-77.3% patients. It was concluded that PKC was a common disease of movement disorder. The therapy by AEDs was very effective. PKC should be differentiated from epilepsy and the relationship between PKC and epilepsy needs further research.
Anticonvulsants/*therapeutic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dystonia/diagnosis ; Dystonia/drug therapy ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy/diagnosis ; Young Adult

Objective:To evaluate the effect of short-time group psychological guidance on mental quality of college students. Methods:Designed the content of one day's psychological coach.600 college students received psychological coach successively.60 students were randomly chosen as the intervened group,who were treated with one-day group psychological guidance,while 60 students,who never attended the group psychological guidance,were chosen as control.Assessed and compared the mental quality of the intervened group and the control group with the Faith in People Scale (FPS),Personal Evaluation Inventory (PEI),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) on the day before or 1 and 12 weeks after coach.Results:There were no significant differences of the scale of FPS,PEI,SAS,and SDS between two groups before coach and there were significant differences between two groups after coach.Conclusion:Short-time group guidance is helpful to developing college students' ability in interpersonal contact and self-confidence and improving depression and anxiety.

Amino Acids ; analysis ; Animals ; Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Drug Contamination ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Materia Medica ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Swallows ; classification

To explore the absorption mechanism of paeonol-beta-CD from various intestinal segments and offer biopharmaceutics data for paeonol new dosage form. The absorption kinetics and permeability rate consatants were investigated by the in situ perfusing method in rats. The absorption of the drug conforms to the firt-order kinetics and passive transport mechanism . The results indicate that paeonol-beta-CD absorption mechanism wasn't change.
Acetophenones ; pharmacokinetics ; Animals ; Intestinal Absorption ; physiology ; Intestines ; metabolism ; Kinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley