1.Connective tissue disease is associated with the risk of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome following lung transplantation in Korea
Tae Jung KIM ; Hyun Joo LEE ; Samina PARK ; Sang-Bae KO ; Soo-Hyun PARK ; Seung Hwan YOON ; Kwon Joong NA ; In Kyu PARK ; Chang Hyun KANG ; Young Tae KIM ; Sun Mi CHOI ; Jimyung PARK ; Joong-Yub KIM ; Hong Yeul LEE
Acute and Critical Care 2025;40(1):79-86
Background:
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare complication of lung transplantation with poorly understood risk factors and clinical characteristics. This study aimed to examine the occurrence, risk factors, and clinical data of patients who developed PRES following lung transplantation.
Methods:
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 147 patients who underwent lung transplantation between February 2013 and December 2023. The patients were diagnosed with PRES based on the clinical symptoms and radiological findings. We compared the baseline characteristics and clinical information, including primary lung diseases and immunosuppressive therapy related to lung transplantation operations, between the PRES and non-PRES groups.
Results:
PRES manifested in 7.5% (n=11) of the patients who underwent lung transplantation, with a median onset of 15 days after operation. Seizures were identified as the predominant clinical manifestation (81.8%, n=9) in the group diagnosed with PRES. All patients diagnosed with PRES recovered fully. Patients with PRES were significantly associated with connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (45.5% vs. 18.4%, P=0.019, odds ratio=9.808; 95% CI, 1.064–90.386; P=0.044). Nonetheless, no significant variance was observed in the type of immunotherapy, such as the use of calcineurin inhibitors, blood pressure, or acute renal failure subsequent to lung transplantation.
Conclusions
PRES typically manifests shortly after lung transplantation, with seizures being the predominant initial symptom. The presence of preexisting connective tissue disease as the primary lung disease represents a significant risk factor for PRES following lung transplantation.
2.Sugammadex and emergence-related respiratory adverse events in pediatric tonsillectomy: a randomized controlled trial
Sang-Hwan JI ; Pyoyoon KANG ; Jung-bin PARK ; Young-Eun JANG ; Ji-Hyun LEE ; Jin-Tae KIM ; Hee-Soo KIM ; Eun-Hee KIM
Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 2025;20(4):406-414
Background:
The effects of sugammadex, which reverses neuromuscular blockade, on emergence-related respiratory events in children remains unclear. This study compared the respiratory outcomes of sugammadex and neostigmine in pediatric tonsillectomy.
Methods:
Children aged 2 years to 6 years old undergoing tonsillectomy were randomly assigned to sugammadex or neostigmine groups. The primary outcome was the occurrence of respiratory adverse events, including oxygen desaturation < 95%, airway obstruction, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, severe coughing, or postoperative stridor. Secondary outcomes included bradycardia, allergic reactions, and emergence delirium.
Results:
The study included 172 pediatric patients (n = 86 per group). Neuromuscular blockade reversal was faster in the sugammadex group than in the neostigmine group, achieving a train-of-four ratio of 90% in a median of 1 min vs. 4 min in the neostigmine group (P < 0.001). The time to extubation was comparable between the two groups (median, 8 min; P = 0.679), as was the overall incidence of respiratory adverse events (29.0% vs. 30.2%; relative risk, 0.962; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.607–1.524; P = 0.858). Emergence delirium occurred in 27.9% of patients overall, but the incidence was higher in the sugammadex group than in the neostigmine group (34.9% vs. 20.9%; relative risk, 1.214; 95% CI, 1.005–1.467; P = 0.044).
Conclusions
Sugammadex provides significantly faster neuromuscular blockade reversal compared to neostigmine but does not shorten the time to extubation or reduce the incidence of emergence-related respiratory adverse events in children undergoing tonsillectomy. Moreover, its use may be associated with an increased risk of emergence delirium.
3.Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose (0.2 mg) Dutasteride for Male Androgenic Alopecia: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Phase III Clinical Trial
Subin LEE ; Jung Eun KIM ; Bark-Lynn LEW ; Chang Hun HUH ; Jandee KIM ; Ohsang KWON ; Moon Bum KIM ; Yang Won LEE ; Young LEE ; Jin PARK ; Sangseok KIM ; Do Young KIM ; Gwang Seong CHOI ; Hoon KANG
Annals of Dermatology 2025;37(4):183-190
Background:
Dutasteride, a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, is prescribed for male androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in Korea and Japan. Despite its efficacy, its use is limited by its long half-life, potent dihydrotestosterone suppression, and adverse effects.
Objective:
To investigate the efficacy and safety of 0.2 mg dutasteride for male AGA.
Methods:
Patients with male AGA were randomized to receive 0.2 mg dutasteride, placebo, or 0.5 mg dutasteride (2:2:1) once daily for 24 weeks. Safety and efficacy endpoints were assessed.
Results:
Overall, 139 men were analyzed. At week 24, the change in hair count within the target area at the vertex from baseline was significantly higher in the 0.2 mg dutasteride group than in the placebo group (21.53 vs. 5.96, p=0.0072). Dutasteride (0.2 mg) treatment led to greater hair growth improvement, as assessed by investigators at week 24 (p=0.0096) and an independent panel at weeks 12 and 24 (p=0.0306, p=0.0001). For all efficacy endpoints, 0.2 mg dutasteride was as effective as 0.5 mg dutasteride. The incidence of adverse events was low and not statistically different between the 0.2 mg dutasteride and placebo groups. The limitation of this study is the limited number of participants.
Conclusion
Low-dose (0.2 mg) dutasteride for male AGA showed significant efficacy and favorable safety profile.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04825561
4.Epidemiology of Nontyphoidal Salmonella Infections in Korean Children and Genetic Factors Associated with Extra-intestinal Invasion: A Whole-genome Sequencing Analysis
Hyun Mi KANG ; Jiyon CHU ; In Hyuk YOO ; In Young YOO ; Jeong-Ih SHIN ; Mi-Ran SEO ; Yeun-Jun CHUNG ; Seung-Hyun JUNG ; Yeon Joon PARK
Annals of Laboratory Medicine 2025;45(3):312-321
Background:
Understanding the virulence and pathogenicity of invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) in children may support timely treatment and enable closer monitoring of chronic infections. iNTS epidemiology in Asia remains inadequately described. We analyzed the genetic diversity and virulence genes associated with extra-intestinal invasion in Korean children.
Methods:
Salmonella isolates from children < 18 yrs of age diagnosed with moderate-tosevere salmonellosis between January 2019 and December 2021 were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing.
Results:
In total, 58 cases were included. We identified 20 serotypes, the most prevalent being Salmonella Enteritidis (N = 21), followed by Infantis (N = 6), I 4,[5],12:i:- (N = 5), and Bareilly (N = 5). Extra-intestinal invasion occurred in 12 (20.7%) cases involving Salmonella Oranienburg (2/2), Give (1/1), Javiana (1/1), Paratyphi B var. L(+) tartrate+ (1/1), Schwarzengrund (1/1), Singapore (1/1), Montevideo (1/2), Saintpaul (1/2), I 4:b:- (1/2), Infantis (1/6), and Enteritidis (1/21). While the numbers of total virulence genes and genes belonging to major virulence categories did not significantly differ between iNTS and noniNTS, several genetic factors, including Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI)-1 (P = 0.039), SPI-2 (P = 0.020), SPI-5 (P = 0.014), SPI-13 (P = 0.010), cytolethal distending toxin-related genes (P = 1.4 × 10 –4 ), fepC (P = 0.021), and tcpC (P = 0.040) were more frequent in invasive isolates.
Conclusions
Salmonella Enteritidis-ST11 predominated in infections among Korean children, but invasive isolates were rare. Early detection of genetic factors associated with extra-intestinal invasion will be helpful for prompt and appropriate treatment.
5.Complement Activation and Hemolysis in Non-human Primates Following Transfusion of Genetically Modified Pig Red Blood Cells
Hee Jung KANG ; Juhye ROH ; Haneulnari LEE ; Eun Mi PARK ; Hye Won LEE ; Ju Young LEE ; Jeong Ho HWANG ; Joohyun SHIM ; Kimyung CHOI
Annals of Laboratory Medicine 2025;45(5):509-519
Background:
Pig red blood cells (RBCs) are rapidly eliminated when transfused into nonhuman primates (NHPs) because of immune reactions involving antibody binding and complement activation. We assessed the relationship between post-transfusion hemolysis and complement activation.
Methods:
RBCs for transfusion were prepared from wild-type (WT) and genetically modified pigs and NHPs. After the withdrawal of 25% of the blood volume, NHPs received transfusions of WT (N = 4), triple knockout (TKO, N = 8), and TKO pig RBCs expressing human CD55 and CD39 (TKO/hCD55.hCD39, N = 4). Additional groups received repeated xenotransfusions (ReXTf, N = 3), NHP RBC transfusions (N = 3), or a saline infusion (N = 4).Blood samples were collected at multiple time points to measure Hb and complement fragment (C3a, C4a, and factor Bb) levels and agglutination titers.
Results:
Hb levels were restored by transfusions but not by saline infusion. The degree of complement activation varied with the type of transfused RBCs, with significant increases in C3a and factor Bb levels immediately after xenotransfusions but not allotransfusions.These increases were particularly notable in ReXTf and negatively correlated with Hb levels on post-transfusion day 1 (ρ = –0.547 and –0.556; P = 0.0187 and 0.0165, respectively).In TKO/hCD55.hCD39 pig RBC transfusions, C3a and factor Bb peak levels were delayed until post-transfusion day 3, unlike in TKO pig RBC transfusions.
Conclusions
Post-transfusion complement activation varies depending on prior sensitization and genetic modifications in pig RBCs. Monitoring complement activation can provide insight into the survival and compatibility of transfused RBCs in NHPs.
6.Expert consensus on oral corticosteroid use and tapering in severe asthma management
Joo-Hee KIM ; Noeul KANG ; Sung-Yoon KANG ; Da Woon SIM ; So-Young PARK ; Jong-Sook PARK ; Hyun LEE ; Hyun Jung JIN ; Woo-Jung SONG ; So Ri KIM ; Sang-Heon KIM
Allergy, Asthma & Respiratory Disease 2025;13(1):12-21
Systemic corticosteroids play an essential role in the management of asthma. During acute exacerbation, the short-term use of systemic corticosteroids is recommended. For patients with uncontrolled asthma and severe asthma, long-term and low-dose oral corticosteroids (OCS) have frequently been advocated. However, both short-term and long-term use of systemic corticosteroids carry the risk of adverse events (AEs), including various morbidities and even mortality. Despite recent progress in adult severe asthma management and the availability of new treatment options, the current domestic guidelines for asthma do not provide specific recommendations for oral corticosteroid tapering in patients with severe asthma. Therefore, the task force team of the severe asthma working group in the Korean Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology has proposed a tapering protocol for systemic corticosteroid use in severe asthma. This includes practical recommendations for monitoring OCS-related AE, particularly for adrenal insufficiency and osteoporosis, which suggests corticosteroid-sparing strategies that include alternative therapies, modifying treatable traits, timely specialist assessment, and shared decision-making with patients. However, further real-world research and collaboration with doctors from primary and academic institutes, patients, and policymakers are necessary to establish an OCS stewardship approach. This should include realistic OCS-tapering strategies for patients with severe asthma using regular OCS, education, and campaigns for patients, the public, and healthcare providers about the burden of severe asthma, as well as improving timely access to specialized severe asthma services for optimal management.
7.Expert consensus on oral corticosteroid use and tapering in severe asthma management
Joo-Hee KIM ; Noeul KANG ; Sung-Yoon KANG ; Da Woon SIM ; So-Young PARK ; Jong-Sook PARK ; Hyun LEE ; Hyun Jung JIN ; Woo-Jung SONG ; So Ri KIM ; Sang-Heon KIM
Allergy, Asthma & Respiratory Disease 2025;13(1):12-21
Systemic corticosteroids play an essential role in the management of asthma. During acute exacerbation, the short-term use of systemic corticosteroids is recommended. For patients with uncontrolled asthma and severe asthma, long-term and low-dose oral corticosteroids (OCS) have frequently been advocated. However, both short-term and long-term use of systemic corticosteroids carry the risk of adverse events (AEs), including various morbidities and even mortality. Despite recent progress in adult severe asthma management and the availability of new treatment options, the current domestic guidelines for asthma do not provide specific recommendations for oral corticosteroid tapering in patients with severe asthma. Therefore, the task force team of the severe asthma working group in the Korean Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology has proposed a tapering protocol for systemic corticosteroid use in severe asthma. This includes practical recommendations for monitoring OCS-related AE, particularly for adrenal insufficiency and osteoporosis, which suggests corticosteroid-sparing strategies that include alternative therapies, modifying treatable traits, timely specialist assessment, and shared decision-making with patients. However, further real-world research and collaboration with doctors from primary and academic institutes, patients, and policymakers are necessary to establish an OCS stewardship approach. This should include realistic OCS-tapering strategies for patients with severe asthma using regular OCS, education, and campaigns for patients, the public, and healthcare providers about the burden of severe asthma, as well as improving timely access to specialized severe asthma services for optimal management.
8.Squatting Posture Grading System for Screening of Limited Ankle Dorsiflexion
Ji Young KIM ; Oh Kyung LIM ; Ki Deok PARK ; Haeun NA ; Ju Kang LEE
Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine 2025;49(2):61-71
Objective:
To evaluate the effectiveness of a squatting posture grading system established to screen for limited ankle dorsiflexion.
Methods:
The squat posture grading system categorizes subjects’ squat posture into three grades. Grade 1 is defined as being able to maintain a squatting posture with heels on the ground in full ankle dorsiflexion without effort. Grade 2 is defined as being able to perform the same position, but unable to maintain the position for more than 5 seconds or requiring trunk and leg muscle efforts to maintain the position. Grade 3 is defined as being unable to maintain the same position and falling backwards immediately if attempted to touch the ground with heels. Next, subjects’ ankle dorsiflexion angles were directly measured in knee flexed and extended position by goniometer.
Results:
Out of the 92 total subjects, 35 were in grade 1, 18 were in grade 2, and 39 were in grade 3. The average ankle dorsiflexion angle with knee flexed position were 23.13° for grade 1, 16.03° for grade 2, and 9.31° for grade 3. The average ankle dorsiflexion angle with knee extended position were 15.16° for grade 1, 7.92° for grade 2, and 3.40° for grade 3. Ankle dorsiflexion angles showed a significant decrease from grade 1 to 3 (p<0.05).
Conclusion
The squatting posture grading system defined in this study effectively graded the subjects based on the difference in their average ankle dorsiflexion angle. This system could be used as a quick screening method for limited ankle dorsiflexion.
9.Erratum to "Abiraterone Acetate Attenuates SARS-CoV-2Replication by Interfering with the Structural Nucleocapsid Protein"
Jinsoo KIM ; Seok Young HWANG ; Dongbum KIM ; Minyoung KIM ; Kyeongbin BAEK ; Mijeong KANG ; Seungchan AN ; Junpyo GONG ; Sangkyu PARK ; Mahmoud KANDEEL ; Younghee LEE ; Minsoo NOH ; Hyung-Joo KWON
Biomolecules & Therapeutics 2025;33(1):231-232
10.Erratum to ‘Genomic biomarkers to predict response to atezolizumab plus bevacizumab immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: Insights from the IMbrave150 trial’ Clin Mol Hepatol 2024;30:807-823
Sun Young YIM ; Sung Hwan LEE ; Seung-Woo BAEK ; Bohwa SOHN ; Yun Seong JEONG ; Sang-Hee KANG ; Kena PARK ; Hyewon PARK ; Sunyoung S. LEE ; Ahmed O. KASEB ; Young Nyun PARK ; Sun-Hee LEEM ; Michael A. CURRAN ; Ji Hoon KIM ; Ju-Seog LEE
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology 2025;31(2):669-670

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