No abstract available.
Gangwon-do* ; Hepacivirus* ; Hepatitis C* ; Hepatitis* ; Liver Diseases* ; Liver* ; Prevalence*

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma is a very rare malignant disease and it has been known to be associated with in utero exposure to DES. We expreienced a case of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cagina in 40 years ole woman, and present the case with a brief review of related literatures.
Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell* ; Female ; Humans ; Vagina*

Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma is a very rare malignant disease and it has been known to be associated with in utero exposure to DES. We expreienced a case of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cagina in 40 years ole woman, and present the case with a brief review of related literatures.
Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell* ; Female ; Humans ; Vagina*

No abstract available.
Oxygen* ; Transplants*

A clinical study was conducted to compare effectiveness of IV Globulin with that of steriod in childhood acute ITP. We carried out an experiment to 36 patients of acute ITP who recovered over 50.000/mm(3) of platelet count and not to recur in 6 months. Study group consist of 10 children who were treated with steriod only (Group A), 13 children who were treated with IV Globulin (0.4g/kg/d, 5 days, Group B), and 13 children combined with steroid (Group C) Study period was from January 1988 to December 1992, folllowing results were obtained. 1) There were no significant difference in sex ratio. age distribution, pretreatment hemoglobin level, platelet count and prolonged bleeding time among study groups. 2) The days which platelet count reached to 50.000/mm(3), 100,000/mm(3) were 3.7 days (Group A), 2.1 days (Group B), and 2.3 days (Group C), respectively (p<0.05). 3) Complete response rates within 4 weeks did not show significant difference (90% in Group A, 84.6% in Group B, 92.3% in Group C), the complete response rate within 1 week were significantly different among three group (44.4% in Group A, 90.9% in Group B, 83.3% in Group C)(p<0.05). In conclusion, it is more desirable for early treatment of a childhood ITP because IV Globulin is easy to normalize platelet count in a short time.
Age Distribution ; Bleeding Time ; Child ; Humans ; Platelet Count ; Sex Ratio

To evaluate the influence of intraoperative irradiation on the healing of jejunal anastomosis, an experimentalstudy was undertaken using a total of 150 rats. The bursting pressure of the normal jejunum was obtained in groupI. Group II was subjected to resection and anastomosis, and group III was irradiated on the anastomosed jejunumwith a single dose of 1,000 rads. Healing process was evaluated by measuring bursting pressure of the anastomosedjejunum on each postoperative day from 2nd to 14th, and on 21 th day. Bursting pressure was tested by inflatingthe loop of gut with water, and bursting sites were observed. The resuls obtained are summarized as follows; 1.The bursting pressure of the anastomosed jejunum retained normal strength by the 7th postoperative day in thenonirradiated group, whereas by the 11th postoperative day in the irradiated group. 2. Irradiation caused delay inthe healing of anastomosis of the jejunum until the 10th postoperative day; but after then, there was nosignificant difference in bursting pressure between both groups. 3. In the jejunal segments with normal strength,bursting occurred exclusively at the non-anastomotic site in both groups; Bursting started along the mesentericborder in the non-irradiated group, whereas rupture usually occurred on the antimesenteric border in theirradiated group. in the jejunal segments with subnormal strength, bursting usually started on the mesentericborder of the anastomotic site in both groups. The results indicate that intraoperative irradiation with a singledose of 1,000 rads causes no harmful effect on the healing of anastomosis of the jejunum in rats. Therefore, thisstudy suggests the possibility of more effective clinical application of intraoperative irradiation.
Animals ; Intestine, Small ; Jejunum ; Rats ; Rupture ; Water

The localizations and morphological characteristics of gonadotropes in the adenohypophy-sis of Korean native goat were investigated with double immunohistochemistry. The gonadotropes were present in the pars distalis and pars tuberalis, but not in the pars intermedta. Gonadotropes occupied about 49.0% of the cells in the pars distalis in females, and about 40.8% in males. Three types of gonadotropes ; FSH immunoreactive cells[FSH cells], LH immunoreac-tive cells[LH cells], and FSH and LH immunoreactive cells[FSH/LH cell], were identified according to their immunoreactivities for FSH and LH antisera. The possessional perce-ntages of FSH cells, LH cells and FSH/LH cells were 1.1%, 40.6%, 58.3% in females and 1.8%, 30.0%, 68.8% in males, respectively. FSH/LH cells were large and oval or round in shape. These cells were distributed throughout the pars distalis, but were more abundant on the dorsal part adjacent to the hypophyseal cavity and along the lateral and ventral peripheral regions. LH cells were smaller than other gonadotropes and were observed throughout the pars distalis, but predominant in the central region. FSH cells were large and oval in shape. These cells were intercalated between FSH/LH cells.
Female ; Goats* ; Gonadotrophs ; Humans ; Immune Sera ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male

Purpose: To explore the subjective eye health status of Korean adolescents by the extent of Internet use in 2009-2010 and smartphone use in 2020. Methods: We secondarily analyzed the results of the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey performed by the Korean Disease Control and Prevention Agency that enrolled Korean adolescents aged 12-18 years. Changes in internet use time from 2009 to 2019 and smartphone use in 2020 were examined. Questionnaires exploring subjective eye health were administered in 2009, 2010, and 2020. We performed complex logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 748,490 subjects were enrolled. Korean adolescents used the Internet for an average of 2.48 hours (h) on weekdays and 4.06 h on weekends in 2019, thus significantly more than the 2009 averages of 1.93 h on weekdays and 2.96 h on weekends (both p < 0.001). In 2009 and 2010, the average internet use time on weekends significantly and positively correlated with subjective eye problems (odds ratio = 1.161, p < 0.001). The average smartphone use time was 4.72 h on weekdays and 6.56 h on weekends in 2020. In that year, the average smartphone use time on weekends (odds ratio = 1.049, p < 0.001) and smartphone overdependence (odds ratio = 8.636, p < 0.001) significantly and positively correlated with the presence of subjective health problems. Conclusions Internet and smartphone use time on weekends affect subjective eye health.

Bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP) refers to neurological causes of reduced or absent movement of both vocal folds. It is characterized by inspiratory dyspnea due to narrowing of the airway at the glottic level with both vocal folds assuming a paramedian position. It is an uncommon condition among patients who underwent thyroidectomy. However, BVFP can be life threatening especially when the onset is acute. Meanwhile, the preservation of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) is also important during thyroidectomy.The EBSLN injury, which innervates the cricothyroid muscle, results in vocalization difficulty of high pitched sound and the frequent fatigue of voice. We will discuss the cases when BVFP and the injury of EBSLN may occur after thyroidectomy, and review the management for these cases including surgical options and voice therapy.