Severe injuries of hands frequently expose the bone and joint due to the defect of crushing of soft tissues. Although the several methods are introduced, the treatment of bone and joint exposure of finger and hand is very difficult to control satisfactorily. From October 1986 to February 1988, we performed the pedicled skin flap in 11 cases; 9 abdominal skin flaps and 2 pectoral skin flaps. Follow up stuides showed good results. The successful surviving of flaps was accomplished in all cases and the dead bones were regenerated by the creeping substitution. Therefore this pedicled skin flap operation can be considered to be a simple and effective method in treating the bone and joint exposure of fingers.
Fingers ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Joints ; Methods ; Skin

The examination of small bowel in Crohn's disease (CD) is very important. Capsule endoscopy (CE) has been recognized as a good tool for evaluation of small bowel. The capsule placement is achieved endoscopically for Children not to swallow capsule. CE is superior to any other modalities for examination of small-bowel. The large portion of pediatric patients with known CD were found with CE to have more extensive and newly diagnostic small-bowel disease. All of them had therapeutic changes. The most side effect of CE is capsule retention. The capsule retention rate in pediatric CD is about 7.3%. The patency capsule helps to predict the possibility of capsule retention. For the improving of the diagnostic accuracy, the experience of more than 20 readings of CE is needed.
Capsule Endoscopy ; Child ; Crohn Disease ; Humans ; Intestine, Small ; Reading ; Retention (Psychology)

As a series of systematic classification of paramphistomes, in the first step, paramphistomes in the rumen and reticulum were collected on 170 Korean cattles (2-3 years age, male) slaughtered at Jeonju abattoir from July 1984 to September 1985 and were classified by means of morphology of the worms. Afterwards, the karyotype of Paramphistomum explanatum (Creplin, 1849) which is the common in Korean cattle was detected by means of modified air-drying method from testis cells of the worm. The following is a brief summary of the leading facts gained through the experiment. Most of the cattle slaughtered at the abattoir were infected with paramphistomes. The 5 species of the worms were detected on 170 Korean cattle and the worm burden per head was from 2 to 784 (on the average 170) worms, 120(70.59 percent) heads out of them involving 2-100 worms. In 28,900 individuals of paramphistomes obtained on 170 Korean cattle, appearance rates of various worms were as follows : 49.74 percent in P. explanatum, 48.08 percent in P. cervi, 0.98 percent in Orthocoelium orthocoelium, 0.89 percent in Fischoederius cobboldi and 0.14 percent in Cotylophoron cotylophorum. The chromosome number of 620 P. explanatum in the haploid and diploid cells was n=9 and 2n=18, and abundant cells in meiotic division were observed; 1,420 haploid and 38 diploid cells were reliable. Nine pairs of mitotic chromosomes were homologous and the chromosomes were composed of five medium-sized metacentrics (m), subtelocentrics (st) or submetacentrics (sm)and four small-sized subtelocentrics (st) or submetacentrics (sm), while meiotic metaphase chromosomes were composed of five medium and four small-sized. The haploid of the testis cells showed C-band in the centromeric region from 8 of them, whereas the remaining chromosome No. 5 included heterochromatin on the tip region, and chromosomes No. 3 and No. 7 showed a remarkable C-band distinguished from other chromosomes.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; karyotype ; chromosome ; Paramphistomum explanatum ; Paramphistomum cervi ; Orthocoelium orthocoelium ; Fischoederius cobboldi ; Cotylophoron cotylophorum

We have experienced a reexpansion pulmonary edema(RPE) during general anesthesia. This patient has undertaken the decortication operation due to right sided massive pleural effusion and fibrothorax. Generally reexpansion pulmonary edema is believed to oceur only when a chronically collapsed lung is rapidly reexpanded by evacuation of large amount of air or fluid in pneumothorax and pleural effusion. The pathogenesis of RPE is unknown and is probably multifactorial. The implicated etiologies are chronicity of collapse, technique of reexpansion, increased pulmonary vascular permeability, airway obstruction, loss of surfactant and pulmonaty artery pressure changes. The outcome of RPE may be fatal, so physician treating lung collapse must be aware of the possible causes and endeavor to prevent the occurrence of this complieation.
Airway Obstruction ; Anesthesia, General* ; Arteries ; Capillary Permeability ; Humans ; Lung ; Pleural Effusion ; Pneumothorax ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Pulmonary Edema*

We report a case of chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood occurring in a 8-year-old girl, who has multiple, pruritic, tense, vesicobullous eruptions on the both extremities and pelvic region without mucous membrane inuolvement. A skin biopsy revealed subepidermal vesicles infiltrated with many neutrophiles and a few eosinophiles. Direct immunofluorescent study of the perilesional skin demonstrated moderate intensity of linear IgA and to a lesser degree of IgG deposition at the dermoepidermal junction. The skin lesions responded dramatically to oral dapsone therapy, initially 4mg/kg, and taporing to 2mg/kg for 27 days.
Biopsy ; Child ; Dapsone ; Eosinophils ; Extremities ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G ; Mucous Membrane ; Neutrophils ; Pelvis ; Skin ; Skin Diseases* ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic inflammatory disorder that significantly diminishes the quality of life of patients.Current pharmacological treatments are often limited by low therapeutic efficacy and severe side effects, restricting their long-term application. This necessitates the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Exosome-based therapies have recently emerged as promising candidates due to the therapeutic potential demonstrated by exosomes derived from mammalian cells and plant sources in IBD management. These exosomes exhibit antiinflammatory effects by downregulating proinflammatory cytokine expression, modulating macrophage polarization, and promoting mucosal regeneration. However, scalability challenges and high production costs hinder the clinical translation of mammalian cell-derived exosomes. In contrast, plant-derived exosomes offer distinct advantages, including cost-effective large-scale production, enhanced stability, and reduced immunogenicity, positioning them as a emerging next-generation therapeutic modality for IBD. However, there are still some hurdles in the standardization of largescale exosome production and the precise elucidation of their therapeutic mechanisms. Future research needs to focus on optimizing exosome manufacturing processes, conducting mechanistic studies, and combinatory approaches to accelerate clinical application.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic inflammatory disorder that significantly diminishes the quality of life of patients.Current pharmacological treatments are often limited by low therapeutic efficacy and severe side effects, restricting their long-term application. This necessitates the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Exosome-based therapies have recently emerged as promising candidates due to the therapeutic potential demonstrated by exosomes derived from mammalian cells and plant sources in IBD management. These exosomes exhibit antiinflammatory effects by downregulating proinflammatory cytokine expression, modulating macrophage polarization, and promoting mucosal regeneration. However, scalability challenges and high production costs hinder the clinical translation of mammalian cell-derived exosomes. In contrast, plant-derived exosomes offer distinct advantages, including cost-effective large-scale production, enhanced stability, and reduced immunogenicity, positioning them as a emerging next-generation therapeutic modality for IBD. However, there are still some hurdles in the standardization of largescale exosome production and the precise elucidation of their therapeutic mechanisms. Future research needs to focus on optimizing exosome manufacturing processes, conducting mechanistic studies, and combinatory approaches to accelerate clinical application.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic inflammatory disorder that significantly diminishes the quality of life of patients.Current pharmacological treatments are often limited by low therapeutic efficacy and severe side effects, restricting their long-term application. This necessitates the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Exosome-based therapies have recently emerged as promising candidates due to the therapeutic potential demonstrated by exosomes derived from mammalian cells and plant sources in IBD management. These exosomes exhibit antiinflammatory effects by downregulating proinflammatory cytokine expression, modulating macrophage polarization, and promoting mucosal regeneration. However, scalability challenges and high production costs hinder the clinical translation of mammalian cell-derived exosomes. In contrast, plant-derived exosomes offer distinct advantages, including cost-effective large-scale production, enhanced stability, and reduced immunogenicity, positioning them as a emerging next-generation therapeutic modality for IBD. However, there are still some hurdles in the standardization of largescale exosome production and the precise elucidation of their therapeutic mechanisms. Future research needs to focus on optimizing exosome manufacturing processes, conducting mechanistic studies, and combinatory approaches to accelerate clinical application.

No abstract available.
Antifungal Agents* ; Chemotaxis* ; Humans* ; Neutrophils* ; Phagocytosis*

PURPOSE: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a critical enzyme regulating folate level, which affects DNA synthesis and methylation. MTHFR is highly polymorphic, and its variant genotypes result in decreased MTHFR enzyme activity and lower plasma folate level. Generally, a low folate level is known to be associated with a gastrointestinal neoplasm. Three common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) resulting in amino-acid changes (C677T, A1298C and G1793A) have been reported in MTHFR. We studied the relationship of MTHFR C677T, A1298C and G1793A polymorphisms between from colon cancer group and control group of Korean people. METHODS: We performed a case- control study to examine the relationship between MTHFR C677, A1298C, and G1793A polymorphisms and the risk of colon cancer. Two hundred seven (207) individuals with colon cancer and 288 healthy persons were analyzed. Blood sampling of each group was performed, and (PCR-RFLP) was analyzed; as a result, MTHFR polymorphism genotypes were obtained. RESULTS: The genotype frequencies of MTHFR C677T polymorphisms were 27.1% (CC), 48.3% (CT), 24.6% (TT), and 72.9% (CT+TT) in the patient group and 39.2% (CC), 36.8% (CT), 24.0% (TT), and 60.8% (CT+TT) in the control group. The genotype frequencies of MTHFR A1298C polymorphisms were 58% (AA), 35.7% (AC), 6.3% (CC), and 42% (AC+CC) in the patient group and 55.6% (AA), 40.3% (AC), 4.2% (CC), and 44.4% (AC+CC) in control group. The genotype frequencies of MTHFR G1793A polymorphisms were 83% (GG), 15.9% (GA), 1% (AA), and 16.9% (GA+AA) in the patient group and 85.8% (GG), 11.8% (GA), 2.4% (AA), and 14.2% (GA+AA) in the control group. The 677CT genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk for colon cancer (adjusted OR=1.90, 95% confidence interval: 1.25~2.90 in CT) than the 677CC genotype. The 1298CC, 1298AC, 1793AA, and 1793GA genotypes were not associated with a significantly increased risk for colon cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The MTHFR C677T polymorphism may influence colon cancer, but the MTHFR A1298C and G1793A polymorphisms need to be studied further for careful interpretation and confirmation in larger studies.
Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; DNA ; Folic Acid ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; Genotype ; Humans ; Methylation ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; Plasma ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide