Blood Pressure ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; Inflammation

ObjectiveTo evaluate the parenteral nutrition formula's character of all-in-one-mixed preparation and pre-mixed preparation applied for hospitalized patients in China.MethodsWe collected parenteral nutrition (PN) prescriptions in hospitalized patients with various diseases at dispensing centers of 6 hospitals in different areas of China. Statistic analysis was made by nutrients application, total liquid, nonprotein calories, total nitrogen, ratio of non-protein calories and total nitrogen, and ratio of glucose and fat. A comparison was made between all-in-one-mixed and pre-mixed preparation as to all the indices.Results The nutrients supply in all-in-one-mixed PN preparation, as well as in the pre-mixed PN preparations of 3 different energy degrees can meet the basic nutrition requirements of most patients. The total nitrogen supply in all-in-one-mixed PN prescriptions meets nutrition requirements in most patients, but the ratio of non-protein calories and total nitrogen[( 180-250) : 1]and the ratio of glucose and fat (0. 56-1.26)were significantly different from what a doctor would recommend[( 100-150) : 1, 1.0]. While the ratios in the pre-mixed PN preparation on 3 different energy degrees are more consistent with recommeded values,which are at 167 and 0. 8 respectively.ConclusionsAll-in-one-mixed and pre-mixed PN preparation have their own individual advantages and limits, and both of them can meet the requirements of most hospitalized patients. More attention should be paid to the nutrients proportion when doctors prescribe all-in-one-mixed PN preparations.

Purpose　To understand the clinical significance of sequence variations in the hypervariable region(HVR) of hepatitis C virus during infections.　Methods　8 cases of acute hepatitis C and 20 of chronic hepatitis C were followed for two years.Blood samples were taken at intervals of six months for analysis of HCV?HVR sequences by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT?PCR) and direct sequencing methods.　Results　Results showed that HCV?HVR sequences of the 28 patients changed in various degrees.92% of these nucleotide substitutions led to changes of corresponding amino-acid sequences.Only 8% of changed nucleotide were synonymous substitutions.Variation of amino acid ranged from 1 to 20(mean 8,30%).The most common nucleotide substitution(62%) occurred in the first position of codon,31% in the second and the rest in the third.HVR variation rate was 0.89×10-1 per genome site per year in acute hepatitis C,compared with 2.31×10-1 per genome site per year in chronic hepatitis C (P<0.05),but variations had no relation to HCV subtype.Variation of HVR in the flare up type (ALT>150 u/L) was much more than that in the quiescent type (ALT<100 u/L).　Conclusions　Our results suggested that sequence variation of HVR during HCV chronic infection seems to be an adaptive response to HCV to evade the host immune pressure and might play a major role in the establishment of persistent infection as well as in the flare-up of hepatitis.

According to the phenomenon that the curriculum of psychological health education for college students is theoretical,lack of experience and the teaching form is single,this research attempts to private a blended teaching which is based on the small private online course (SPOC) and experiential teaching.The content of mental health is divided into theoretical knowledge and experience knowledge.And the theoretical knowledge is taught through online teaching in the form of massive open online courses (MOOC),while the experiential knowledge is taught by pure experiential teaching in the classroom.The study has summed up 3 stages of learning mode:learning before class,teaching experience and reflection after class.This changes the single classroom theory teaching to students experience learning.Besides,formative evaluation is used as assessment methods,which has enhanced the effectiveness of the course and at the same time,it has also promoted the improvement of teachers' teaching level effectively.

Objective To explore the dynamic spiral CT findings of adrenal ganglioneuromas and to evaluate its clinical value.Methods All 7 cases patients with adrenal ganglioneuromas confirmed by surgical pathology underwent spiral CT plain scanning and two phases dynamic enhancement scanning before operation.The CT images were reviewed and analysed retrospectively in comparison with surgical and pathological results.Results Six of 7 lesions were located in the right adrenal gland,1 in the left.The diameter of the tumors was 3.7—7.5cm,with a mean diameter of 4.6cm.The CT value of the plain scans, AP phases and PVP phases was 16.2—31.7 HU(with a mean value of 24.3 HU),20.9—36.6 HU(with a mean value of 30.2 HU),and 27.4—45.5 HU(with a mean value of 36.0 HU),respectively.The masses were well defined and showed a tendency of wedging into the space between the adjacent organs and structures and encasing the large vessels such as IV,but didn't compress or occlude them.Conclusion The dynamic SCT features of adrenal ganglioneuromas were obvious,dynamic SCT scans could suggest the diagnose.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of combination of Epimedii Folium and Ligustri Lucidi Fructus on osteoporosis rats induced by retinoic acid.

METHODSixty three-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the normal control group, the model group, the Epimedii Folium group, the Ligustri Lucidi Fructus group, the combination group of Epimedii Folium and Ligustri Lucidi Fructus and the raloxifene group. The osteoporosis model was established through oral administration with retinoic acid for two weeks. Meanwhile, all of treatment groups were administered with corresponding drugs for three weeks. The contents of serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (StrACP) were detected, and the pathomorphological changes of femurs were observed.

RESULTThe model control group showed much lower contents of serum Ca and P than the normal control group, but with significantly higher AKP and StrACP activity than the normal control group. The femoral head area showed reduced, narrow and sparse trabecular bones, with typical osteoporosis-like changes. Compared with the model control group, all of treated groups showed significant increase in Ca and P contents in serum, and down-regulate AKP and StrACP levels, while trabecular bones became more and wider, and densely interweaved as a reticular formation. Among them, the combination group showed the most significant effect.

CONCLUSIONEpimedii Folium and Ligustri Lucidi Fructus could effectively correct the abnormal bone metabolism and improve pathological conditions of bone tissues, so as to show the anti-osteoporosis effect. The combined application of the two drugs showed a better efficacy.

Acid Phosphatase ; blood ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; blood ; Animals ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Calcium ; blood ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Epimedium ; chemistry ; Femur ; drug effects ; pathology ; Isoenzymes ; blood ; Ligustrum ; chemistry ; Male ; Osteoporosis ; blood ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Phosphorus ; blood ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase ; Tretinoin ; adverse effects

This article mainly introduced the basic strategy of rehabilitation of spinal cord injury,including maintaining and improving range of motor(ROM),enhancing the muscle strength,sitting and standing balance training,respiration training,application of splints and aids.The rehabilitation objectives and approaches of each level of spinal cord injuries were also involved.

The complications of spinal cord injury(SCI)affect not only the rehabilitation treatment,but also quality of the patients' living,even threaten to patients' life,including pressure sore,complications of urinary system and respiratory system,deep venous thrombosis,pulmonary embolism,spasm,pain,autonomic dysreflexia,osteoporosis,etc.The prevention and treatment of complications of SCI may be helpful to improve patients' health,and a premise of the rehabilitation.

Epmedii Folium is a commonly used traditional Chinese drug, and is beneficial for the "liver" and "kidney" s function in Chinese medicine. Recently, the origin of this drug is more complex. Most of the identification studies are emphasized on the species certified by the pharmacopoeia and other related species from the same genus of Epimedium, but few was emphasized on the counterfeit. In this paper, one counterfeit of Epmedii Folium, identified as the dried leaf of Quercus variabilis (Fam. Fagaceae), has been reported based on field investigation, comparing specimen of Epmedii Folium and Q. variabilis,using the macroscopic, microscopic and TmC methods. It is resulted that they could be identified clearly not only by the macroscopic features, such as the vein character and the tooth apex, but also by the microscopic features, such as the vascular bundles of the midrib, the non-glandular hair, the anticlinal wall of the epidermis cell and the calcium oxalate crystal. Furthermore their TLC chromatograms showed also difference. This study will give reference for the identification of Epmedii Folium and the related supervision and inspection work.
China ; Discriminant Analysis ; Epimedium ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Quercus ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the direct and indirect MRI manifestations of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)tears and discuss its mechanism and diagnostic value.Methods The study involved 40 patients with ACL tears including 37 males and three females at age range of 16-49 years(mean age of 33 years).Arthroscopy and operation confirmed 28 patients at acute phase of ACL tears,12 at chronic phase of ACL tears,35 with complete ACL tears and five with partial ACL tears.All patients were examined on 1.5T Siemens MRI scanner,with SE,TSE or Medic sequence in multiple directions.The direct and indirect MRI manifestations of ACL tears were retrospectively and statistically analyzed by employing three experienced doctors.Results Among 28 patients with acute tears,the direct MRI signs included signal interruption or non-consecutive(86%),uneven signal(64%)and swelling and thickening ligament(36%).While in 12 patients with chronic teats,the MRI signs manifested swelling ligament(92%),signal interruption or non-consecutive(75%)and uneven signal(58%).The sign of thickening ligament was mainly seen at chronic phase of ACL tears(P ＜0.01).Of 35 patients with complete ACL tears,80% occurred in the middle part of ACL,with low incidence of upper and lower parts.All five patients with partial ACL tears occurred in the anteriomedialis bundle.The indirect MRI signs of ACL tears included 7-shaped deformity of posterior cruciate ligament(PCL)(34 patients,85%),meniscus exposure(26 patients)including 16 with lateral meniscus exposure(62%),bone injury(15 patients)including segond fracture(8 patients,53%),widened joint space(9 patients)including 78% at chronic phase,and tibia antelocation(23 patients,57%).Among 40 patients,37 patients were diagnosed correctly preoperatively,with accuracy rate of 92%.While three patients with partial ACL tears were missed diagnosis preoperatively,with inaccuracy rate of 8%.Conclusion ACL tear is relatively easy to identify preoperatively according to direct and indirect MRI signs in combination with trauma history.