BACKGROUND:Platelet-rich plasma gel contains some kinds of growth factors, which play important roles in repair of local trauma and bone defects. Platelet-rich plasma gel is now more and more studied as tissue engineering scaffolds, but there are no unified preparation methods.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize the studies about the preparation methods of platelet-rich plasma gel and the growth factors in platelet-rich plasma gel in recent years, and to compare different methods in order to find which one is better.
METHODS:A online search of PubMed database from January 1980 to January 2013 and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from January 1980 to January 2013 was performed with the key words of“platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich plasma gel, tissue engineering”in English and Chinese, respectively. The studies about detection and preparation methods of platelet-rich plasma were included and those unrelated to platelet-rich plasma were excluded. Final y, 322 articles were gained and 67 articles were included in result analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al preparation methods have their advantages. We should select the suitable method according to the goal of study. With the further study of platelet-rich plasma, it wil become more and more important for bone defect repair and tissue engineering research.

Objective: To investigate the application of microemulsion TLC in separation and identification of various effective compositions in traditional Chinese patent medicines. Methods: The various compositions in Kangganmao Granules and Fangfeng Tongsheng Pills were separated and identified simultaneously on polyamide film with six kinds of SDS/n C 4H 9OH/n C 7H 16 /H 2O microemulsions as the mobile phases. Affections of kinds and acidity on separationg results of microemulsions were investigated. Results: The baicalin, chlorogenic acid, Saposhnikovia and glycyrrhiza in Kangganmao Gronules and the emodin, chrysophanol, baicalin, Saposhnikovia and Glycyrrhizae in Fangfeng Tongsheng Pills may be separated and identified simultaneously with microemulsion (containing 75% water) formic acid (9∶1) as mobile phase. Conclusion: Microemulsion TLC is an efficient, simple new method for the separation and identification of various compositions in traditional Chinese patent medicines.

Objective To construct the lentiviral vector encoding vascular endothelial growth factor gene and detect the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs). Methods To culture MDSCs and detect the CD34,CD45,Bcl-2 and Desmin expression in MDSCs by immunofluorescence. A cDNA encoding VEGF gene was amplified by PCR. This fragment was cut with EcoRI and BamHI and ligated with an EcoRI- and BamHI-reated lentiviral vector pCDH-CMV-MCS-EF1-copGFP. Then DNA sequencing analysis was performed to confirm successful construction of pCDH-CMV-MCS-EF1-copGFP -VEGF. The expression of VEGF was confirmed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot, and Real-time PCR analyses. Results The pCDH-CMV-MCS-EF1-copGFP-VEGF lentiviral vector was constructed successfully. When MOI values in the transfection efficiency MDSCs by FCM. were 1,5,15, the transfection rate reached to 16.7%, 45.6%, 66.3% and 85.6% respectively. When MOI value was of 20, the rate was up to 90.1%. Real-time PCR, Western blot and ELISA showed stable expression of VEGF in MDSCs. Conclusion We successfully constructed lentiviral vector carrying the VEGF and stable expression in MDSCs.

The treatment of recurrent head and neck cancers has improved from single modality interventions of surgery and radiation therapy alone to include combined modality therapy with surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. Combined therapy has led to improved local control and disease-free survival. New developments in radiation oncology such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy, brachytherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy, have helped to improve this outlook even further. These recent advances allow for a higher dose to be delivered to the tumor while minimizing the dose delivered to the surrounding normal tissue. This article provides an update of the new developments in radiotherapy in the management of previously-irradiated recurrent head and neck carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the role of resting pulm on ary function (FEV 1,FVC,VC) and diffusing capacity (D LCO) on exercise limitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods During the period of 2002-04~12 the results of resting pulmonary function test which were and diffusing capacity test performed on 26 subjects with stable COPD were reviewed.The symptom-limited maximum exercise (S LME) were performed.Dyspnea index (DI) and oxygen consumption (V? O 2/kg) were determined with a metabolic cart during exercise.Borg Scale s (BS) was used for counting degree of exertional dyspnea which appeared during exercise.At the end of SLME,arterial blood gas analysis was performed to determi ne PaO 2max,PaCO 2max and Phmax at that time.Results In stepwise multiple regression analysis,the variables significantly contributing to V?O 2max/kg were D LCO % and FEV 1/VC.Conclusion Lung function and diffusing capacity can be importan t determinants of exercise capacity in COPD.

Objective To investigate the features of HIV-1-specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte (CTL)responses in Chinese.Methods The HIV-1-specific CTL responses were analyzed in an IFN-?ELISPOT assay by using a matrix system containing 820 overlapping peptides spanning the entire HIV-1 Clade B and C consensus sequence.Results The HIV-1-specific CTL response almost clus- tered in Gag and Nef across either HIV-1 Clade B(HIV-1 B)or HIV-1 Clade C(HIV-1 C),while oth- er proteins could also be recognized at different level.In comparison of the response between HIV-1 Clade B and Clade C,the magnitude and frequency was roughly identical with some difference found at single-peptide level.The most frequently recognized peptides of HIV-1 B were located in Nef,GPKEP- FRDYVDRFYKTLR(5/17,29.4%)and Gag,LWVYHTQGYFPDWQNY(5/17,29.4%),while the most frequently recognized peptide of HIV-1 C was located in Gag GPKEPFRDYVDRFFKTLR(6/17, 35.29%).Conclusions HIV-1-specific CTL responses clustered within HIV-1 Gag and Nef in Chinese. However,there was some difference between HIV-1 B and HIV-1 C at single-peptide level.

The arsenic compounds including arsenic trioxide and arsenic sulfide have played a crucial role in the clinical treatment of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Arsenic agents can induce tumor cells differentiation, apoptosis and autophagy, eliminate leukemia-initiating cells, and directly bind to the target proteins. This paper reviews the mechanism progress of arsenic agents in various tumors to further understand the intricate anti-tumor mechanisms of arsenic agents and to expand its therapeutic spectrum.

Objective To study the effect of hypoxia on EMT molecule E-cadherin, Vimentin and invasion of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, reveal the mechanism of breast cancer invasion and metastasis and provide experimental and theoretical basis. Methods Western blot was used to observe the change of HIF-1α, E-cadherin and Vimeutin during hypoxia on MCF-7. MTT was used to study the effects of viability.Transwell chamber was used to detect the ability of invasion and metastasis. Results The expression of E-cadherin was significantly lower (0.09±0.02)(t=30.98,P=0.0007) and the expression of Vimentin was significantly higher (0.69±0.04) (t=915,P=0.0000) with the extension of hypoxia.The capability of adhesion (81.23±0.74) (t=82.05,P=0.000),invasion(120±6) (t=22.78,P=0.0009) and migration(190±6) (t=23.49,P=0.000)was significantly increased after 72 h hypoxia(P＜0.05).Conclusion Hypoxia can downregulate E-cadherin and upregulate Vimentin and enhance the adhesion,invasion and migration of MCF-7.

Objective To investigate the expression of caspase-3 in colon carcinoma,colon adenoma and normal colon mucosa and its clinical significance.Methods The expression of caspase-3 was detected with immunohistochemical EnVision in 60 cases of colon carcinoma,30 cases of colon adenoma and 30 cases of normal colon mucosa.Results The positive expression rates of caspase-3 in colon carcinoma,colon adenoma and normal colorn mucosa were 18.3％(11/60),50.0％(15/30),86.7％(26/30).There was significant difference among three groups(P＜0.01).The expression of caspase-3 was closely related to Dukes clinical stage,differentiation degree,lymph node metastasis and the degree of infiltration(P＜0.01).Conclusion The low expression of caspase-3 may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of colon carcinoma and it is involved in the metastasis and infiltration.