No abstract available.
Animals ; Burns* ; Lymphocyte Subsets* ; Lymphocytes* ; Mice* ; Spleen* ; Thymus Gland*

No abstract available.
Silicones* ; Transplants*

No abstract available.

OBJECTIVE: Abnormal uterine bleeding is the most common disorder of gynecologic department. Organic causes of abnormal uterine bleednig are chronic cervicitis, submucosal myoma, endometrial polyp, endometrial malignancy. To find the exact cause of uterine bleeding, hysteroscopic endometrial biopsy was used. METHODS: 214 patients were included in the study, who received hysteroscopic endometrial biopsy from Feb. 2000 to Dec. 2002 with abnormal uterine bleeding, negative in urine pregnancy test, normal in cervix cytology, and without organic lesion causing uterine bleeding in pelvic examination and ultrasonography. Age, parity, hysteroscopic biopsy result were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Mean age of study group was 42 and mean parity was 2.75. When final hysteroscopic biopsy histology were analysed, proliferative phase was most common (28.9%). Next followed secretory phase (18.2%), simple hyperplasia (13.5%), endometrial polyp (9.8%), chronic endocervicitis (5.1%). Submucosal myoma (4.2%), endometrial cancer (4.2%). Complex hyperplasia were detected in 3.2%. Of 214 patients, who complained uterine bleeding, only 99 (47.1%) patients were proved true non- organic uterine bleeding on hysteroscopic biopsy. Remainder had organic disorder (39.8%). CONCLUSION: When a patient visits the hospital with abnormal uterine bleeding, doctor should be suspicious of endometrial organic disease and treat the patient under exact diagnosis. In these patients, hysteroscopic examination and biopsy were very useful and safe method to determine exact diagnosis and treatment plan.
Biopsy ; Cervix Uteri ; Diagnosis ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; Female ; Gynecological Examination ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Hysteroscopy ; Myoma ; Parity ; Polyps ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Tests ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography ; Uterine Cervicitis ; Uterine Hemorrhage*

No abstract available.

Microinvasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix(FIGO stage IA) has been reported as highly curable disease even with conservative surgery such as conization and simple hysterectomy. Nevertheless, the surgical management for microinvasive carcinomas has been proposed varying from conservative surgery to radical hysterectomy with pelvic nodes dissection according to different diagnostic criterias for microinvasive carcinoma. We reviewed 512 patients who had been diagnosed as microinvasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Cheil Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center from Jan. 1988 to Dec. 1995. Among them, 376 patients were included in this study satisfying guided criterias such as proper management and follow up more than at least one year, and they were analyzed retrospectively based on the clinicopathologic characteristics, pattern of surgical management and postoperative status. (continue)
Cervix Uteri* ; Conization ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diagnosis* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Obstetrics ; Retrospective Studies

In this study, we examined the effects of a two-step culture system, which involves the use of different culture media for early cleavage and later stage embryos, on the in vitro development of bovine embryos. We also investigated the effect of glucose, phosphate and citrate on the in vitro early developmental period of bovine embryos in a two-step culture system. Moreover, the supplementation of different protein sources (BSA-V, BSA-FAF and FBS) during IVC did not affect the frequency of blastocyst development. Using two-step culture, embryos were cultured in protein-free media for an initial 5 days. This was then followed by the same culture media or an FBS supplemented media. The developmental rates of blastocysts in the FBS containing group were significantly higher than in the replaced with no serum containing group. Embryos cultured in mSOF supplemented with 1.5 mM glucose plus 1.2 mM phosphate were significantly inhibited. The inhibition of developmental competence by glucose plus phosphate was consistent with the existence of 0.5 mM sodium citrate. This study indicates that a two-step culture system, which applies different conditions for early cleavage embryos, i.e., serum-free media, vs. later stage embryos, with serum containing media, may be effective for in vitro production systems. In addition, the developmental competence of bovine embryos was depressed in the presence of glucose plus phosphate as compared to either alone or the absence of both. Therefore, the avoidance of this negative effect should allow more optimal conditions to be developed for in vitro production.
Animals ; Blastocyst/drug effects/metabolism ; Cattle/*embryology ; Citric Acid/pharmacology ; Culture Media/*chemistry ; Culture Techniques/*methods ; Ectogenesis/drug effects ; Embryo/*drug effects/embryology/metabolism ; Embryonic and Fetal Development/drug effects ; *Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Glucose/pharmacology ; Male ; Phosphates/pharmacology ; Proteins/*pharmacology ; Zygote/drug effects/metabolism

PURPOSE: We evaluated outcomes of treatment in medial condyle fracture of the distal humerus in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven patients (4 females, 3 males) who were treated at the Pusan National University Hospital and followed-up until skeletal maturity after treatment were included. The average age at the time of fracture was 4.6 years (range, 2 to 10 years). Treatment was performed from 1 day to 6 months after the fracture: 4 patients underwent a surgical treatment for 17 days, 2 months, 2 months and 6 months after fracture, respectively. All fractures were Milch type 1. Five patients had Kilfoyle type 3, and two patients had type 2 fractures. Final outcomes were evaluated by the Mayo elbow performance score and carrying angle. RESULTS: There were 3 excellent, 3 good and 1 fair result at the final follow-up. There was no elbow pain in any of the patients. One of the four patients who underwent a late surgical treatment received corrective osteotomy due to cubitus varus. All four patients had a limitation of elbow motion. The other three patients who had accurate diagnosis and treatment had a full range of motion. CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of medial condyle fracture of the distal humerus based on plain radiograph is difficult in children due to its cartilaginous structures. When a patient shows pain, tenderness and swelling on the medial side of the elbow, an additional examination with magnetic resonance imaging may be required even if no fracture line is found in the radiograph. Accurate diagnosis and early treatment is important for good results.
Child* ; Elbow ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Humerus* ; Lifting ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Osteotomy

Coronary artery bypass grafting on the beating heart is no longer new to any cardiac surgeon. What matters nowadays is stablizing the heart without impairing the hemodynamics. We describe a simple and safer technique to move the anterolateral coronary to a center in the operation field. The empty blood bag connected to 50 cc syringe is put underneath the left venricle. Simply inflating the air into the blood bag gradually displaces the heart and rotate the lateral wall of the ventricle to the midline position. Therefore, we suggest "Blood Bag" method as a different way of exposing heart.
Coronary Artery Bypass ; Heart ; Hemodynamics ; Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive ; Syringes

PURPOSE: Epinephrine itself exhibits some cardiotoxicity. However, it rarely induces cardiomyopathy when used in standard doses during surgery for local hemostasis. This paper reports a rare case of stress-induced cardiomyopathy in a young woman after the local infiltration of epinephrine. METHODS: Corrective rhinoplasty was planned in a 20-year-old woman. Lidocaine mixed with epinephrine 1:100,000 was injected around the skin of the nose and nasal septum after inducing anesthesia, which resulted in sinus tachycardia and hypotension. Postoperative ECG showed a T wave inversion in the lead V2 and echocardiography revealed transient hypokinesia in the cardiac apex. Cardiac enzyme was mildly elevated. RESULTS: Symptoms and laboratory findings improved considerably, and the patient was discharged from hospital without complications on the sixth day after surgery. CONCLUSION: The prognosis of catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy is generally favorable. However, it is important to be aware of the possible adverse effects of local epinephrine infiltration. This case highlights the need for caution when using epinephrine.
Anesthesia ; Cardiomyopathies ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Epinephrine ; Female ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Hypokinesia ; Hypotension ; Lidocaine ; Nasal Septum ; Nose ; Prognosis ; Rhinoplasty ; Skin ; Surgery, Plastic ; Tachycardia, Sinus ; Young Adult