The use of human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG), human placental lactogen(hPL) as markers for trophoblastic tissue has been well documented in the literature. However, it is not widely recognized that cytokeratin is a very sensitive and reliable marker for various types of trophoblastic tissue. The authors have studied 15 cases of human placental tissue ranging in age from first to third trimesters. Unlike hCG and hPL, which stain only the syncytiotrophoblast and intermediate trophoblast, cytokeratin(low molecular weight) stains all three types trophoblastic tissue. The staining of placental tissue for cytokeratin is marked and very consistent throughout pregnancy. Because of its high sensitivity and ability to stain cytotrophoblast, it is believed that it could be very useful in detecting trophoblasts of early pregnancy and in the study of the pathologic process of trophoblastic diseases.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans

Angiogenesis is a critical factor in the progression of solid tumors, including cervical cancers. The mechanisms responsible for angiogenesis in uterine cervical neoplasia are not well defined. To determine the relationship between angiogenesis and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the cervical neoplasia, the author studied 63 cases of the cervical neoplasia diagnosed between the years 1993 to 1997 at Pusan National University Hospital. The expression of VEGF was semiquantitatively analyzed in paraffin sections by immunohistochemical method. Histologic sections immunostained for factor VIII-related antigen were evaluated for microvessel density. Increased expression of VEGF and microvessel counts was significantly correlated with depth of invasion. Increased microvessel counts were also significantly associated with increased VEGF expression. These results suggest that VEGF is an important angiogenic factor and associated with progression of the cervical neoplasia.
Angiogenesis Inducing Agents ; Busan ; Microvessels ; Paraffin ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A* ; von Willebrand Factor

The author has studied the 111 cases of salivary gland epithelial tumors which confirmed clinically and pathologically during the period of 11 years and 7 months from 1973 to 1984 at Pusan National University Hospital. The results of the study were summarized as follows: 1) Among 111 cases of salivary gland epithelial tumors, benign tumors were 72 cases (64.9%) and malignant tumors 39 cases (35.1%). The male to female ratio of overall salivary gland epithelial tumors was 1 to 1.6. Mean age of benign tumors was 39.6 years old and that of malignant tumors 44.6. 2) The analysis of the salivary gland epithelial tumors in histologic type revealed 63 cases (56.8%) of pleomorphic adenoma, 14 cases (12.6%) of the mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 11 cases (9.9%) of adenoid cystic carcinoma, 4 cases (3.6%) of adenolymphoma and adenocarcinoma, respectively. 3) The incidence of salivary gland epithelial tumors was found to be in the major salivary gland in 62 cases (56.9%), in the major salivary gland in 47 cases (43.1%), preferably involving parotid gland in 38 cases (34.9%), palate in 29 cases (26.6%), submandibular gland in 20 cases (18.3%) in order of frequency. 4) The mean size of benign salivary gland epithelial tumors was 3.5 cm in diameter and that of malignant 3.6 cm. Therefore, that size of both benign and malignant tumors was not significantly different. The mean duration of chief complaints of salivary gland epithelial tumors was 5 years and 3 months in benign type, 2 years and 4 months in malignant type, approximately half of the benign tumors. 5) The most frequent manifestation in malignant tumors was palpable mass 89.7%(benign : 97.2%), pain 23.1%, ulcer and hemorrhage 15.4%, respectively, et al., whereas, that of benign tumors was exophthalmos 5.6%, ulcer 4.2%, et al. In order of frequency. 6) Among the 67 cases of pleomorphic adenoma, 4 cases (6.0%) of them were malignant type.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Incidence

Recently nuclear grooving has been introduced to be a reliable diagnostic criterion for papillary thyroid carcinoma, in addition to known clear nuclei and intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions. Now this study is undertaken to assess the diagnostic value of this new clue. The results obtained are as follows : 1) 35 follicullar carcinomas, 106 follicular adenomas and 56 adenomatous goiters were studied as control groups. Grooved nuclei were positive in 22.9% of follicular carcinomas, 19.8% of follicular adenomas and 5.4% of adenomatous goiters, whereas intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions in 11.4%, 11.3% and 7.1% : and clear nuclei in 22.9%, 23.6% and 5.4%, respectively. 2) Among 105 papillary carcinomas the frequencies of grooved nuclei, intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions and clear nuclei were 93.3%, 84.8% and 79.0%, respectively. Incidence difference between grooved nuclei and clear nuclei was significantly recognized(p<0.05). 3) Among variants of papillary carcinoma including mixed, pure, occult sclerosing and follicular types, the frequencies of grooved nuclei were 96.7%(59/61), 86.2%(25/29), 100%(13/13) and 50.0%(1/2), respectively. In comparison the frequency of the mixed types was mildly more increased than that of the pure(p<0.05). 4) Among 44 aspiration biopsy cytology cases, which were identified histologically as papillary carcinoma, the frequencies of grooved nuclei and intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions were 65.9% and 70.5%, respectively. Therefore it is suggested that grooved nuclei be a valuable diagnostic feature of papillary thyroid carcinoma, along with other nuclear findings.
Incidence ; Adenoma ; Biopsy

No abstract available.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Carcinoma, Papillary* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Thyroid Gland*

PURPOSE: Recently, it has been reported that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with some gastric cancers. But EBVs role in EBV-associated gastric carcinomas (EBVaGCs) has not been fully elucidated. This study was undertaken to evaluate the characteristics of EBVaGCs and to compare those with non-EBVaGCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: EBV infection was studied using paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of 119 cases of gastric adenocarcinomas by in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs). In EBVaGCs and non-EBVaGCs, molecular characteristics were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for latent membrane protein (LMP)-1, p53 protein, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). RESULTS: EBERs were detected in 12 cases (10.1%) of 119 gastric adenocarcinomas. LMP-1 was negative in all carcinomas tested, p53 protein was positive in 7 cases (58.3%) of 12 EBVaGCs and in 51 (47.7%) of 107 non-EBVaGCs, the difference between two groups being not significant. Mean PCNA index was 38.2+-26.1% in EBVaGCs and 22.8 +- 20.0% in non-EBVaGCs. The index was significantly higher in the former than in the latter. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that neoplastic progression in EBVaGCs was implicated with high expression of PCNA, but not consistently with overexpression of p53 protein or LMP-1.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; In Situ Hybridization ; Membrane Proteins ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen* ; RNA ; Stomach Neoplasms

To address the possible prognostic value of p53 and Bcl-2 proteins in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs), the authors studied 43 cases of NSCLCs diagnosed between the years 1990 to 1995 at Pusan National University Hospital. The patients were treated either by pneumonectomy or lobectomy of the lung. The expression of p53 and Bcl-2 proteins was semiquantitatively analyzed in paraffin sections by immunohistochemical method and correlated with clinicopathologic prognostic parameters of NSCLCs. Overexpression of the p53 protein was found in 31 cases (72.1%) of the 43 NSCLCs. Overexpression of the p53 protein was significantly correlated with the decreasing degree of histologic differentiation, increasing tumor stage, and cigarette smoking. Bcl-2 expression was found in 19 cases (44.2%) of the 43 NSCLCs. Increased expression of the Bcl-2 protein was significantly correlated only with decreasing tumor stage. An inverse relationship was found between p53 and Bcl-2 proteins, but it was not statistically significant. Thus p53 and Bcl-2 proteins, as demonstrated immunohistochemically in routine paraffin sections, could be of value in prediction of the aggressiveness and prognosis of NSCLCs, in agreement with the central role of p53 and Bcl-2 proteins in the evolution of NSCLCs associated with cigarette smoking.
Busan ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung* ; Paraffin ; Pneumonectomy ; Prognosis ; Smoking

The author examined the immunophenotype and expression of Epstem-Barr virus RNA (EBERs) used in the situ hybridization technique in 20 cases of conventional malignant lymphoma and 28 cases of polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis occured in the upper aerodigestive tract including the upper digestive tract(palatine tonsil), and upper respiratory tract(nasal cavity, paranasal sinus, nasopharynx). The results obtained were summarized as followings; 1. The favorable site of malignant lymphoma that occured in the upper aerodigestive tract was in the palatine tonsil(11 out of 20 cases, 55%), those of polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis were nasal cavity and nasopharynx(19 out of 28 cases, 78%). 2. The immunophentype of malignant lymphoma that occured in the upper aerodigestive tract was mostly B-cell phenotype (15 out of 20 cases, 75%), and that of polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis was predominantly T-cell phenotype(22 out of 28 cases, 79%). 3. The EBERs positivity of malignant lymphoma that occured in the upper aerodigestive tract was 25%(5 out of 20 cases), but that of polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis was 57%(16 out of 28 cases). 4. The positive cases for EBERs revealed angiocentricity with necrosis(16 out of 21 cases, 76%), predominantly T-cell phenotype(19 out of 21 cases, 90%), and favorably involved the nasal cavity and nasopharynx(16 out of 21 cases, 76%). Based on the above results, it was concluded that polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis that occurred in the upper respiratory tract was an EBV-positive angiocentric T-cell lymphoma favorably involving the nasal cavity and nasopharynx.

The authors studied EBV genome expression in 40 conventionally processed samples of nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC), using in situ hybridization for EBERs and immunohistochemistry for LMP, Bcl-2 and p53 proteins. The NPCs consisted of 6 keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas (KSCs), 13 nonkeratinizing carcinomas (NKCs) and 21 undifferentiated carcinomas (UCs). The results were summarized as follows: 1) EBERs were expressed in 80.0% of all the NPCs (32/40). As for the subtypes, they were detected in 92.3% of NKCs (12/13), in 90.5% of the UCs (19/21), and in 16.7% of the KSCs (1/6). In positive cases, the nuclei of tumor cells displayed uniformly strong staining. 2) LMP was expressed in 10.0% of all the NPCs (4/40), all of which were UC. The LMP expression in the UCs was not correlated to the expression of EBERs, Bcl-2 and p53 proteins. 3) Bcl-2 protein was detected in 85.0% of all the NPCs (34/40). As for the subtypes, they were detected in 92.3% of the NKCs (12/13), in 90.5% of the UCs (19/21), and in 50.0% of the KSCs (3/6). 4) p53 protein was detected in 75.0% of all the NPCs (30/40). As for the subtypes, they were detected in 81.0% of the UCs (17/21), in 69.2% of the NKCs (9/13), and in 66.7% of the KSCs (4/6). 5) In the NPCs the expression of EBER showed a significantly positive correlation with that of p53 or Bcl-2 protein. The above results indicate that the association of EBV with NPC is chiefly with poorly differentiated and undifferentiated carcinomas. Additionally, carcinomas commonly display widespread, strong immunoreactivity of Bcl-2 and p53 proteins over tumor cells. In conclusion, these observations indicate that the EBV-association in NPC appears to contribute to the overexpression of tumor-related genes during carcinogenesis.
Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Genome ; Herpesvirus 4, Human* ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization

Hemangiopericytoma is a rather uncommon neoplasm composed mainly of cells derived from the vascular pericytes of Zimmermann, which are normally found in close apposition to the endothelial cells of capillaries and postcapillary venules. Authors studied a case in which primary hemangiopericytoma located in the left orbit of a 54-year-old woman. Review of the literatures about incidence, clinical symptoms, histological features and biological behavior of the orbital hemangiopericytoma was presented.
Female ; Humans ; Incidence