The history of rehabilitation of disabilities in Korea began with the foreigners and missionaries who were interested in it after Korean War. In 1981. Disabled Persons Welfare Act was enacted and the 88 Paralympics brought the nations attention to the welfare and rehabilitation of persons with disabilities. Since then, the facilities and the services for the disabled persons have expanded rapidly and the rehabilitation treatment and nursing intervention are drawing more attention. Against this background, the survey on the current status of disabilities, welfare service, facilities, and rehabilitation nursing was conducted. The results of this survey are as follows 1. According to the 2000 census of disabilities. the number of persons with disabilities in Korea is estimated at 1.449.500. or 3.09% of the entire Korean population, 0.74% up from 2.35% in 1995. 2. Disability Types in 2000 The 2000 census showed that the persons with disabilities numbered 1.449, 496 out of the total population and 1.024,371 persons are registered for disability. making up 70.7% of the estimated disabled population. Among them, physically disabled persons accounted for the largest 41. 7% (605.127) and mentally retarded persons stood at the smallest 9% (13.481). 3. Percentage of Disability Presence The survey showed that more than 90% of disability were acquired. However, 44.8% of mental disability and 61.4% of hearing /speaking disability were not acquired after birth. This means that these disabilities happened by congenital cause or birth accident. 4. Yearly Figure of Registered Disabled Persons In 1989. 218,601 persons registered for disability and, in 2000, the number increased by 4.7 times to 1.024.371. These figures are different from the actual number of disabled persons. According to the 1995 census. 1.053.486 were disabled persons but only 378,323 registered for disability. And. in the 2000 census. 1.024,371 out of the 1.449.496 of disabled persons registered for disability. 5. Welfare Service for Persons with Disability 62.6% of the total disabled people are registered and physically disabled persons accounted for the highest percentage of 96.7%. 26.5% of non-registered disabled people said that they didn't know the registration procedure. The rest of them replied that they didn't think they were disabled or that registration didn't seem to give any benefits 6. Welfare Policies for Disabled Persons The welfare benefits given to the disabled are as follows: Issuance of disabled sign for car drivers. Permission to use LPG fuel. Reduction of public facility fees. Household allowance. Tax reduction or exemption, Medical allowance and education subsidy for children, and Housing. 7. Current Condition of Welfare Facilities by Disability Type. The welfare institutions for disabilities numbered 188i in total and they can accommodate 16,823 persons. Categories of these institutions are physical disability(37), visual disability(10). hearing/speaking disability(l4). mental retardation(59), and sanatoriums(68). 6. Human Resource of Rehabilitation of Disabilities Advanced education programs include rehabilitation nursing in its curriculum and this was selected as the program of Korean Academic Society of Nursing in 1990. In November 1997, Korean Academic Society of Rehabilitation Nursing was launched and many academic meeting and seminars were held. This organization is also making efforts to develop the education program for qualified rehabilitation nursing professionals and to develop the standards of rehabilitation nursing practice. In the professionals of the rehabilitation there are rehabilitation specialist, physical therapist, speech therapist, occupational therapist. It is needed to come up with the measures to supply stable human resources following the demand of disabled persons and to recognize the private certificates for rehabilitation professionals as official ones after reviewing the education and training programs of private institutions. 9. Rehabilitation Nursing 1) Rehabilitation nursing was taught as an independent subject in 11 undergraduate programs and 9 graduate programs. 2) Research on rehabilitation nursing in Korea were 24 experimental research and 11 non-experimental research. The intervention of experimental research were mostly education and exercise rehabilitation programs. 3) In the three rehabilitation hospitals, nursmg IS divided into two categories, direct nursing and education & counseling. Direct nursing includes tracheostomy or nasogastric tube care, urination and defication, skin care, pain control, complication, prevention and care, prevention of injury from a fall. etc.
Censuses ; Child ; Counseling ; Curriculum ; Disabled Persons ; Education ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Family Characteristics ; Fees and Charges ; Hearing ; Housing ; Humans ; Korea* ; Korean War ; Mentally Disabled Persons ; Missions and Missionaries ; Nursing ; Parturition ; Penicillin G Benzathine ; Physical Therapists ; Public Facilities ; Rehabilitation Nursing* ; Rehabilitation* ; Skin Care ; Specialization ; Taxes ; Tracheostomy ; Urination

No abstract available.
Brain*

Angiogenesis is a critical factor in the progression of solid tumors, including cervical cancers. The mechanisms responsible for angiogenesis in uterine cervical neoplasia are not well defined. To determine the relationship between angiogenesis and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the cervical neoplasia, the author studied 63 cases of the cervical neoplasia diagnosed between the years 1993 to 1997 at Pusan National University Hospital. The expression of VEGF was semiquantitatively analyzed in paraffin sections by immunohistochemical method. Histologic sections immunostained for factor VIII-related antigen were evaluated for microvessel density. Increased expression of VEGF and microvessel counts was significantly correlated with depth of invasion. Increased microvessel counts were also significantly associated with increased VEGF expression. These results suggest that VEGF is an important angiogenic factor and associated with progression of the cervical neoplasia.
Angiogenesis Inducing Agents ; Busan ; Microvessels ; Paraffin ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A* ; von Willebrand Factor

The purpose of this is to understand the aspect of human spirituality and its general meaning to nursing practice. This conceptual analysis has been defined thus : 1) spirituality is a basic human attribute 2) spirituality gives meaning to life 3) spirituality is a relationship between the omnipotent and the supernatural. Spirituality assumes these : 1) all human beings possess a spiritual nature 2) it is the source of human power 3) it assumes mutual relationship between the individual and others 4) conviction etc. And the result of spirituality leads to : 1) petition 2) peacefulness 3) hope 4) love between the self and the surrounding others and etc. The experience of the spirituality refers to the relationship between the self, others, and with the environment as well as the relationship with God. And that positive and assertive mentality and attitude will result in a desirable spiritual relationship between the caregiver(the nurse and the receiver.
Hope ; Humans ; Love ; Nursing ; Spirituality*

This study was done to identify the effectiveness of a proper positioning on musculoskeletal complication on patient with Stroke by using a quasi-experimental study. A total of 18 patients were selected as a subject from June 1st to October 31th 1998 who had been hospitalized at Intensive Care Units in K medical center. A experimental group consists of 8 patients who were given proper positioning every two hours. A control group consists of 10 patients who were given traditional positioning. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS windows including chi-test(Fisher's exact method), Wilcoxon Rank Sum test and McNemar test. The result of this study was summerized as follows: 1) The experimental group with proper positioning has shown lower shoulder pain score, dorsiflexion contracture score, Shoulder subluxation score and higher Range of Motion and than the control group. 2) The experimental group with proper positioning has shown lower muscle pain score and edema score than the control group, but it was not statistically significant. Therefore, proper positioning could be applied as an independent nursing intervention for patients on Stroke in order to facilitate rehabilitation.
Contracture ; Edema ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Myalgia ; Nursing ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rehabilitation ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Pain ; Stroke*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the emergency medical protocols and need assessment through the case report METHOD: The study investigated the emergency call system through the 1339 emergency patients information center in 1997. Results: The emergency calls tend to follow general trends of the type of cases : abdominal pain (13.5%), unconsciousness(12.0%), traffic accidents (7.4%), bleeding (6.6%), respiration difficulty (5.9%). This was all collected through emergency medical protocols injury and poisoning (22.3%), symptom (51.6%), others (26.1%). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that a specific training program for emergency medical dispatchers should be established, and emergency medical dispatcher managers must review the cases on the basis of emergency medical protocols every year. Emergency medical services, furthermore, will continue to raise the standard for emergency medical dispatching.
Abdominal Pain ; Accidents, Traffic ; Education ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Medical Services ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Information Centers ; Poisoning ; Respiration

No abstract available.
Humans ; Male* ; Smoke* ; Smoking*

The purpose of this study was to determine relationships between job satisfaction and burnout experience. The subjects were 225 nephrology nurses in Pusan, and Kyung Sang Namdo and Kyung Sang Bukdo. The data were collected from Nov. 20 to Dec. 3, 1996 using questionnaires method. Job satisfaction measured job satisfaction tool by Slavitt et al, and burnout experience measured burnout experience scale by Pines et al. The questionnaire consisted of question regarding job satisfaction scale(44 items 5 point scale) and burnout experience scale(21 items 7 point scale). The reliability of this instrument was that the hob satisfaction was Cronbach's alpha=0.8298 and the burnout experience was Cronbach's alpha=0.8960. The data were analyzed with the SPSS program using mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. The results of this study were as follows : 1. In the demosociographic characteristics showed the highest level was as follows : 26-30 years old group(40.2%), married(56.4%), graduated junior college of nursing(87.6%), non the religious(35.6%), the effect of religion upon life is not effected(35.6%). In the characteristics related to nursing profession showed the highest level was as follows : Hospital style is secondary hospital(that have above 450 beds) (53.3%), staff nurse(72.9%), the length of clinical experience at hemodialysis room is less than 2 years(39.1%), number of patient was assigned a nephrology nurses is 5(40.4%), work in two shift(55.6%), the nurses professional motivation is family recommended(33.8%), the nurses intention to stay is until for needed(58.2%), the chance for professional growth is not enough(44.9%), degree of satisfaction with nursing is moderate(43.2%). 2. The mean score of the total hob satisfaction is 3.06 of 5 point Likert-type scale. Task requirements(3.51) among the component factors of the job satisfaction was the highest value and then the interaction among fellow nurses(3.34), job prestige/status(3.33), autonomy(3.27), organizational requirement(2.55), and pay(2.39) was the lowest 3. The mean score of the total burnout experience is 3.20 of 7 point Likert-type scale. Physical exhaustion(3.36) among the component factors of the burnout experience was the highest value and then emotional exhaustion(3.20), and mental exhaustion(2.95) was the lowest. 4. Job satisfaction according to demosociographic characteristics of the subjects showed significant differences in the effect of religion upon one's life(F=3.268, p=0.013). Job satisfaction according to characteristics related to nursing profession of the subjects showed significant differences in the hospital type(F=3.479, p=0.033), position(F=3.165, p=0.044), number of patient was assigned a nephrology nurses(F=2.552, p=0.040), nurses intention to stay(F=7.153, p=0.001), the chance for professional nursing growth(F=3.735, p=0.006), the degree of satisfaction with nursing(F=12.680,p=0.000). Burnout experience according to characteristics related to nursing profession of the subjects showed significant differences in the position(F=3.247, p=0.041), number of patient was assigned nephrology nurses(F=4.220, p=0.003), shift(F=3.148, p=0.045), nurses intention to stay(F=9.911, p=0.000), the degree of satisfaction with nursing(F=13.234, p=0.000). 5. Job satisfaction and burnout experience was signigicant negative correlation(r=-.5466, p<.001).
Busan ; Humans ; Intention ; Job Satisfaction* ; Motivation ; Nephrology* ; Nursing ; Renal Dialysis ; Surveys and Questionnaires

To examine the association of hypertension with cluster of obesity, abnormal glucose and dyslipidemia in Korean urban population, we conducted this cross-sectional study among 3027 men and 2127 women age 20-85 years who visited a prevention center between May 1991 and June 1995 for a multiphasic health check at St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul. By the self-administered questionnaire, the informations of educational attainments, monthly income, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and physical excercise level were obtained. Height, weight, and blood pressure were measured by a trained nurse. The fasting blood sugar(FBS), total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride were tested by enzyme method. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was calculated by 'total cholesterol - HDL cholesterol - triglyceride/5'. For testing the differences of cardiovascular risk factors between hypertension and normotension group, t-test and x2 test were performed and for the age adjusted odds ratios of hypertension in persons with obesity, abnormal glucose, and dyslipidemia compared with normal, logistic regression was performed by using SAS pakage programme. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Age, weight, body mass index, blood glucose, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, triglyceride of hypertension group in men and women were significantly higher than normotension group, but height and high density lipoprotein of hypertension group only in women significantly lower than normotension group. The frequency of obesity (body mass index > or =25 kg/m2), abnormal glucose (> or = 120 mg/dl), hypercholesterolemia (> or =240 mg/dl), lower HDL cholesterol (<45 mg/dl in women only), higher LDL cholesterol (> or =160mg/dl), and hypertriglyceridemia (> or =250 mg/dl) in hypertension group of men and women were significantly higher than normotension group. 2. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were negatively correlated with hight, but positively with age, weight, BMI, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride in men and women. And BMI was positively correlated with fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride but negatively with HDL cholesterol. 3. The odds ratios of hypertension were as follows in men and women : among persons who were obese compared with those nonobese, 2.53 (95% Confedence Intervals [C.I.] 2.08-3.07) and 2.22 (95%C.I. 1.71-2.87); among persons who were abnormal glucose compared with those normoglycemic, 1.43 (95%C.I 1.13-1.82) and 2.01 (95%C.I 1.36-2.94); and among persons who were dyslipidemia (hypercholesterolemia or lower HDL cholesterol or higher LDL cholesterol or hypertriglyceridemia) compared with those normal lipid, 1.59 (95%C.I 1.30-1.95) and 1.51 (95%C.I 1.16-1.96). After combined more than one risk factor, the odds ratios were increased. Among persons with cluster of obesity, abnormal glucose, and dyslipidemia, the odds ratio of hypertension was 2.25 (95%C.I 1.47-3.37) in men and 3.02 (95%C.I 1.71-5.30) in women. In conclusion, it was suggested that hypertension was associated with cluster of obesity, abnormal glucose, dyslipidemia in this Korean urban population.
Alcohol Drinking ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dyslipidemias* ; Fasting ; Female ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hypertension* ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; Lipoproteins ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Obesity* ; Odds Ratio ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Seoul ; Smoking ; Triglycerides ; Urban Population*

No abstract available.
Frontal Lobe* ; Neuropsychological Tests*