No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to planimetrically measure the corpus callosum, cerebellum, pons and thalamus in the boys with autistic disorder and developmental language disorder. METHODS: The midsagittal brain MR images of 8 autistic and 8 developmental language disorder subjects who met the DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria and 10 comparison subjects were collected. MR images were redigitalized with flatbed scanner and the data were analyzed with NIH IMAGE 1.61 software. Pixel counting and area measurements were done. The corpus callosum was divided into seven regions and the cerebellar vermis was divided into three regions. RESULTS: In autistic subjects, the rostrum of corpus callosum was found to have significantly smaller area than comparison and developmental language disorder subjects. In developmental language disorder subjects, the thalamus was significantly larger than comparison subjects. The cerebellar vermis and pons did not differ among three groups. CONCLUSION: The rostrum of the corpus callosum in autistic disorder was significantly smaller. This finding supports the theory of abnormal prefrontal lobe development in autistic disorder.
Autistic Disorder* ; Brain ; Cerebellum* ; Corpus Callosum* ; Language Development Disorders* ; Pons* ; Thalamus*

Both cytogenetic analysis and flow cytometric analysis (FCM) are well known prognostic indicators in the transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder. To correlate results of the two methods, FCM cell DNA studies and cytogenetic analysis were performed concurrently on clinical samples from the twelve patients with TCC of urinary bladder and the cells taken from these comparisons were possible showed concordance between FCM and cytogenetics with respect to the presence or absence of aneuploidy. Among the four cases with discrepancies, three (27.2 % of all cases) showed peridiploid pattern by cytogenetic analysis and had tetraploid aneuploid DNA histograms. In one case with hyperdiploid pattern by cytogenetics (9.1 %) showed diploid on the nine patients with peridiploid pattern one has recurred. Also, two of the three patients with aneuploid pattern by cytogenetic study were recurred. In flow cytometric analysis, all of the nine patients with diploid pattern were not recurred. Whereas, of the nine cases of aneuploid patterns five were recurred. Although the number of samples were too small to compare the correlations statistically, our results indicate that these two methods are not related to each other in predicting the prognosis in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
Aneuploidy ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Cytogenetic Analysis* ; Cytogenetics* ; Diploidy ; DNA ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Tetraploidy ; Urinary Bladder*

OBJECTIVES: Because the caudate nucleus receives inputs from the dorsolateral prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices, it is the area of the interest with ADHD patients in many researches. To identify the lack of normal asymmetry in the frontal lobe and caudate nucleus of the subjects with ADHD, one slice of brain MR images for each subjects were selected, and planimetric method was applied and analyzed. METHODS: The brain MR images of 14 ADHD boys who met the DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria and 16 headache control group were collected. Single best view far the head of the caudate nucleus, one axial slice was selected for analysis. MR images were redigitized with flatbed scanner and data were analyzed with Brainimage Pascal 2.3.3.1 software. Pixel counting and area measurements were done. Interrater reliabilities were 0.89 or greater. RESULTS: In both ADHD and control groups, right caudate area was slightly greater than left side, and this difference were more significant in control group. The results showed that the normal asymmetry of frontal lobe and the caudate nucleus was not observed for the ADHD group. CONCLUSION: The normal asymmetry of the frontal lobe and the caudate nucleus was not seen in boys with ADHD
Brain ; Caudate Nucleus* ; Frontal Lobe* ; Head ; Headache ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is an uncommon form of chronic bacterial infection of the kidney that may occur at any age but is most often seen in middle-aged or older women. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in children is very rare. We report a 2-year-4-month-old male hospitalized with complaints of palpable abdominal mass. Excretory urography, abdominal sonogram, abdominal computed tomogram showed hydronephrosis with right renal stones and ureteropelvic junction obstruction. It was treated with right nephrectomy. Pathologic findings revealed xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis postoperatively. This case is a xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis occurred in the most youngest age in Korean literatures.
Bacterial Infections ; Child* ; Female ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Kidney ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous* ; Urography

By means of retrospective quantitative neuroanatomic imaging, the authors assessed the corpus callosum and the lateral venticle in the boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The midsagittal cross-sectional area of the corpus callosum, divided into seven regions, and the axial ventricle-brain ratio were measured from magnetic resonance images of 18 boys with ADHD and 15 comparison boys. Two anterior regions, the menu and the rostral body, were found to have significantly smaller areas in the ADHD boys. There was no significantly difference in ventricle-brain ratio between ADHD and comparison boys. This finding supports the theory of abnormal frontal lobe development in ADHD.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity* ; Corpus Callosum* ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Lateral Ventricles* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

Tumor cell resistance to cytotoxic drug is thought to be a major cause of failure in the chemotherapeutic treatment of malgnant tumors. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is associated with r expression of the MDRl gene encoding P-glycoproteintP-gp). an active efflux pump for various limphophilic compounds. P-gp was generally expressed in normal tissue and tumor. In our present investigation. we examined the expression of P-gp in human transitional cell carcinoma and normal tissue. 1. From April to June. 1992. 13 patients with transitional cell carcinoma(11 cases in bladder. cases in renal pelvis) and 5 specimens of normal urinary bladder tissue were used. 2. We stained these frozen tissue with JSB-1 (MONOSAN(R)) by immunehistochemistry. 3. The tissue sample was classified as weakly positive. moderately positive and strong positive respectively to the immunohistochemical staining under the light microgcopical observation. The weakly positive means that if the sample cell was stained with less than the fine reddish brown colored particles. The strong positive presents the cell nuclei was not seen by light microscopic examination because the cell was heavily stained with large reddish brown colored granules. In between weakly and strong positive was named as moderate positive. 4. 7 out of 13 transitional cell carcinoma showed Ash grade II,4 of this 7 belongs to moderately positive and the rest 3 of this 7 were strong positive class. All 6 cases of stage B, C, D transitional cell carcinoma belongs to moderate positive class. On the basis of the results, this study suggested that the normal bladder tissues and transitional cell carcinoma contain certain amount of P-gp. The author could conclude that there is no closerelation between the tissue staining classification.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Cell Nucleus ; Classification ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Humans ; P-Glycoprotein* ; Urinary Bladder

No abstract available.

To determine the usefulness of the Bosniak classification of cystic renal masses, the computed tomographic findings of 30 pathologically proven cystic renal masses were reviewed retrospectively. We categorized cystic renal masses utilizing the Bosniak classification without knowledge of the final pathologic diagnosis. There were 10 category I lesions, 3 category II lesions, 6 category III lesions and 11 category IV lesions. All category l and II lesions were benign. All category IV lesions were malignant. Among the 6 category III lesions, 5 were malignant. The other was benign lesion with hemorrhagic renal cyst. We concluded that computed tomography and Bosniak classification are useful in management of cystic renal masses.
Classification* ; Diagnosis ; Kidney ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: With gold electroforming system for the double crown, the secondary crown is electroformed directly onto the primary crown. An even thick layer of high precision can be acquired. It is thought that the retention of electroformed outer crown is primarily acquired by the adhesive force (surface tension) through the saliva which is interposed between precisely fitted inner and outer crown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of taper and surface area of inner crown on the retentive force of electroformed outer crown according to the presence of saliva. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 32 titanium inner crowns with cervical diameter of 8 mm and cone angles of 0, 2, 4, 6 degrees, which had same surface area by regulated height, were machined on a lathe. Another 32 titanium inner crowns with cone angles of 0, 2, 4, 6 degrees, which had doubled surface area by increased cervical diameter, were fabricated. Eight specimens of each group, for a total of 64 titanium inner crowns, were prepared. The electroformed outer crowns were fabricated directly on the inner crowns by using electroforming machine(GAMMAT free, Gramm Technik, Germany). The tertiary frameworks were waxed-up on the electroformed outer crown and cast using nonprecious alloy(Rexillium(R)III, Jeneric(R)/ Pentronh(R) Inc., USA). The cast metal frameworks were sandblasted with alubimium oxides and cemented using resin cement(Superbond C and B, Sun Medical Co., Japan) over the electroformed copings of each specimen. Then, artificial saliva(Taliva(R), Halim Pharm Co., Korea) was sprayed between the inner and outer crown, and they were connected under 5 kg force. The retentive force was measured by the universal testing machine(Tinius Olsen 1000, Tinius Olsen, USA) with a cross-head speed of 66.67 mm/sec. The direction of cross-head travel was exactly aligned with the path of removal of the respective specimens. This measurement procedures for retentive force of electroformed outer crown with artificial saliva were repeated in the same way without presence of artificial saliva. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The following conclusions were drawn: 1. The retentive force of electroformed outer crown was decreased according to increased taper of inner crown(P<.05). 2. The retentive force of electroformed outer crown showed no significant differences according to surface area and the presence of artificial saliva(P>.05).
Adhesives ; Crowns* ; Oxides ; Saliva ; Saliva, Artificial ; Solar System ; Titanium