Seventy-three uncemented total hip arthroplasties in the sixty-four patients were studied as a retrospective manner. Hydroxyapatite and tricalcium-phosphate (HA/TCP Calcicoat) coated titanium fiber-mesh stems were used in forty-eight cases and the identical components but without hydroxyapatite coating were used in the other twenty-five cases. The distribution of the patients in two groups showed no statistically significant differences and the same porous coated hemispherical acetabular components were used in two groups. At the time of two year follow-up after the operation, the mean Harris hip score and the Enghs radiographic assessment score were 95.5 and 19.8, respectively, in the HA/TCP Calcicoat tm group and 94.4 and 19.2, respectively, in the non-coated group. None of these differences were statistically significant. At three months after operation, the frequency of the thigh pain was 8.3% in the HA/TCP Calcicoat tm group and 20% in the non-coated group, which was also not significantly different (p=0.24). There were no revisions in either group. All the femoral components except one among the non-coated group showed stable bony fixation in both groups and no differences in Enghs radiographic assessment criteria were detected between the two groups. There seemed to be a tendency of early pain relief and more endosteal new bone formation in the HA/TCP Calcicoat TM group, which, however, failed to show a statistically significant clinical or radiographic differences. This result is considered as preliminary and longer follow-up should be required to uncover any hidden advantages or disadvantages of the HA/TCP Calcicoat TM coating on titanium fiber-mesh stem.
Acetabulum ; Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Durapatite* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Humans ; Osteogenesis ; Retrospective Studies ; Thigh ; Titanium*

Bosworth fracture, fracture-dislocation of ankle with entrapment of fibula behind the tibia, is a rare condition. Diagnosis of this fracture-dislocation may not he easy, and closed reduction of this injury is difficult because of entrapment of fibula by the tieht interosseous membrane. We report a case of Bosworth fracture treated with the anti-glide plate technique.
Ankle ; Diagnosis ; Fibula ; Membranes ; Tibia

A brief period of cerebral ischemia produces neuronal damage in the vulnerable regions of the brain, such as the CA1 area of the hippocampus. However, mild ischemic episodes may limit damage from subsequent ischemic insults, the phenomenon known as ischemic tolerance or preconditioning. We used hippocampal slices as an experimental model to investigate the possible utilization of ischemic tolerance, and to determine the effects of various drugs acting on glutamate and adenosine receptors following a conditioned ischemic insult. Preconditioning ischemic insult was induced in hippocampal slices of 450nm thickness for 60-70 seconds. Glutamate and adenosine receptors were pretreated 1 hour later with D,L-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid(AP-5, 50nM), propentofylline(PPF, 200nM), 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione(CNQX, 10nM), 8-cyclopentyl-3,7-dihydro-1,3-dipropyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione(DPCPX, 1, 10nM) and 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyl-adenosine (CCPA, 1, 10, 50nM). The slices were reoxygenated for 3 hours, after then a second ischemic insult was induced by substituting 95% O2, 5% CO2 and glucose for 95% N2, 5% CO2 and sucrose for 10 minutes. Population spikes(PS) were estimated from extracellular electrophysiological recordings of the hippocampal CA3-CA1 synaptic conduction 1 hour following the second ischemic insult. The PS(mV) was 2.69+/-0.06 in the normal hippocampal slice, while it was reduced to 1.21+/-0.05 in the hippocampal slice induced with 10 minutes of ischemia. The effects of the A1 selective agonist CPPA revealed a reduction of PS to 0.98+/-0.06 with low concentration(1nM), similar PS as the control group with a concentration of 10nM, and an increase in ischemic tolerance of 1.78+/-0.05 at a higher concentration(50nM). The selective A1 antagonist DPCPX(1nM) showed minimal reduction in PS of 1.10+/-0.04, while the NMDA antagonist AP-5(5nM) had a more profound weakening effect(1.05+/-0.04). The adenosine uptake inhibitor profentophylline(200nM) augmented the PS to 1.56+/-0.06; this effect was not influenced by 1nM DPCPX(1.60+/-0.07), but was abolished by a higher concentration of 10nM(1.36+/-0.05). These results confirmed ischemic tolerance in the hippocampal experimental model. We conclude that adenosine plays an important role in ischemic tolerance as activation of adenosine receptors or adenosine uptake inhibition enhances ischemic tolerance.
Adenosine ; Brain ; Brain Ischemia ; Glucose ; Glutamic Acid ; Hippocampus ; Ischemia* ; Models, Theoretical ; N-Methylaspartate ; Neurons ; Receptors, Purinergic P1 ; Sucrose

OBJECTIVES: Disabilities in patients with panic disorder are well known for their acute and severe anxiety symptoms. Disabilities in patients with social phobia are not often rewgnied because symptoms are misattributed to simple shyness. We compared the severity and areas of disabilities among social phobia and panic disorder patients. METHODS: The study participants were 53 patients with social phobia and 55 patients with panic disorder, diagnosed by MINI-Plus (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus) and SDS (Sheehan disability scale). RESULTS: Compared with panic disorder patients, the patients with social phobia showed significantly greater impairments in work and social subscales of SDS. However, the home disability subscale scores of the patients with panic disorder were higher than the patients with social phobia. The general disabilities and GAF (General Assessment Functioning) scores were not different signigicantly. Comorbid cases have shown to induce more dysfunctions in work and social areas, except home and leisure areas, irrespective of diagnoses. CONCLUSION: Overall disabilities in patients with social phobia and panic disorder were not different significantly. But the disabilities were different accordiny to the areas, and the differences correlate with the specific symptoms.
Anxiety ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Leisure Activities ; Panic Disorder* ; Panic* ; Phobic Disorders* ; Shyness

This is a clinical study on 72 cases of purpura hospitalized at Han Il Hospital during the period from Jan., 1970 to Dec, 1979. The authors obtained the following results : 1) Allergic purpura (25 cases, 34.7%) was the most common disease, followed by I.T.P. (20 cases, 27.8%), Ieukemia (10 cases, 13.9%), meningoccemia (7 cases, 9.7%), and aplastic anemia (5 cases, 6.9%) in order of frequency. 2) The most prevalent age group was 6 to 9 one (45 cases), and sex ratio of male to female revealed 1.67 : 1(45:27). 3) The main clinical features in thrombocytopenic purpura were anemia abdominal pain fever and epistaxis ; while those in non-thrombocytopenic purpura were abdominal pain fever melena hematuria and headache. 4) The hemoglobin level was below 7 gm.% in leukemia and aplastic anemia, but normal or slightly decreased in allergic purpura and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. The W.B.C. count was markedly increased in the most cases of sepsis and leukemia, decreased in aplstic anemia, and within normal range in allergic purpura. The platelet count was below 10,000/mm2 in 97% cases of the thrombocytopenic purpura, while within normal range in non-thrombocytopenic purpura. 5) The bleeding time and the clotting time were within normal ranges in most of all cases. The Rumpel-Leede test revealed positive result in 85% cases of I.T.P., while in only 20% of allergic purpura.
Abdominal Pain ; Anemia ; Anemia, Aplastic ; Bleeding Time ; Child* ; Epistaxis ; Female ; Fever ; Headache ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Male ; Melena ; Platelet Count ; Purpura* ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; Reference Values ; Sepsis ; Sex Ratio

This is a clinical study on 72 cases of purpura hospitalized at Han Il Hospital during the period from Jan., 1970 to Dec, 1979. The authors obtained the following results : 1) Allergic purpura (25 cases, 34.7%) was the most common disease, followed by I.T.P. (20 cases, 27.8%), Ieukemia (10 cases, 13.9%), meningoccemia (7 cases, 9.7%), and aplastic anemia (5 cases, 6.9%) in order of frequency. 2) The most prevalent age group was 6 to 9 one (45 cases), and sex ratio of male to female revealed 1.67 : 1(45:27). 3) The main clinical features in thrombocytopenic purpura were anemia abdominal pain fever and epistaxis ; while those in non-thrombocytopenic purpura were abdominal pain fever melena hematuria and headache. 4) The hemoglobin level was below 7 gm.% in leukemia and aplastic anemia, but normal or slightly decreased in allergic purpura and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. The W.B.C. count was markedly increased in the most cases of sepsis and leukemia, decreased in aplstic anemia, and within normal range in allergic purpura. The platelet count was below 10,000/mm2 in 97% cases of the thrombocytopenic purpura, while within normal range in non-thrombocytopenic purpura. 5) The bleeding time and the clotting time were within normal ranges in most of all cases. The Rumpel-Leede test revealed positive result in 85% cases of I.T.P., while in only 20% of allergic purpura.
Abdominal Pain ; Anemia ; Anemia, Aplastic ; Bleeding Time ; Child* ; Epistaxis ; Female ; Fever ; Headache ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Male ; Melena ; Platelet Count ; Purpura* ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; Reference Values ; Sepsis ; Sex Ratio

To investigate the toxic effects of cheonggukjang (CKJ) manufactured using mixed cultures of Bacillus subtilis MC31 and Lactobacillus sakei 383 on the liver and kidney of ICR mice, an alteration on the related markers including body weight, organ weight, urine composition, liver pathology and kidney pathology were analyzed after oral administration at dosage of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight/day of CKJ for 14 days. Any significant toxicity was not observed on the body and organ weight, clinical phenotypes, urine parameters and mortality in the CKJ-treated group compared with the vehicle-treated group. Also, liver toxicity analysis revealed no significant increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in response to CKJ. Additionally, the specific pathological features induced by most toxic compounds were not observed upon liver histological analysis. Furthermore, kidney toxicological analysis revealed that blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and the serum creatinine (Cr) levels and pathological features on histological sections did not differ significantly between the vehicle- and CKJ-treated groups. Overall, these results suggest that CKJ does not induce any specific toxicity in liver and kidney organs of ICR at dose of 100 mg/kg body weight/day as no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL).
Administration, Oral ; Alanine Transaminase ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Bacillus subtilis* ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Body Weight ; Creatinine ; Kidney* ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Lactobacillus* ; Liver* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR* ; Mortality ; No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level ; Organ Size ; Pathology ; Phenotype ; Soybeans*

PURPOSE: The present study examined the positive-thinking and life satisfaction of the general Korean population. In particular, we examined the role of positive-thinking on participants' life satisfaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a telephone survey of 409 respondents (194 males, 215 females). The participants provided self-reports on their positive thinking, life satisfaction and demographic information. ReESULTS: The results showed that age, education, occupation, and family income had an influence on positive- thinking as well as life satisfaction in Korea. Specifically, younger respondents and persons with high incomes or higher education degrees were more likely to have higher positive scores and thus higher life satisfaction scores. However, after controlling for the demographic variables, positive thinking significantly affected life satisfaction(R(2) Change=0.170, F= 88.56, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: We provided empirical evidence that positive thinking may indeed play a significant role in life satisfaction. Therefore, positive thinking would offer important direction for the growth of life satisfaction and interventions aiming to remediate the effects of demographic variables on life satisfaction.
Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Attitude ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Income ; Interviews as Topic ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupations ; *Personal Satisfaction ; Quality of Life/*psychology ; Questionnaires ; Thinking/*physiology

PURPOSE: The present study examined the positive-thinking and life satisfaction of the general Korean population. In particular, we examined the role of positive-thinking on participants' life satisfaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a telephone survey of 409 respondents (194 males, 215 females). The participants provided self-reports on their positive thinking, life satisfaction and demographic information. ReESULTS: The results showed that age, education, occupation, and family income had an influence on positive- thinking as well as life satisfaction in Korea. Specifically, younger respondents and persons with high incomes or higher education degrees were more likely to have higher positive scores and thus higher life satisfaction scores. However, after controlling for the demographic variables, positive thinking significantly affected life satisfaction(R(2) Change=0.170, F= 88.56, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: We provided empirical evidence that positive thinking may indeed play a significant role in life satisfaction. Therefore, positive thinking would offer important direction for the growth of life satisfaction and interventions aiming to remediate the effects of demographic variables on life satisfaction.
Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Attitude ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Income ; Interviews as Topic ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupations ; *Personal Satisfaction ; Quality of Life/*psychology ; Questionnaires ; Thinking/*physiology

Background/Aims: The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the management of colorectal cancer (CRC) may worse in elderly population, as almost all COVID-19 deaths occurred in the elderly patients. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on CRC management in the elderly population. Methods: The numbers of patients who underwent colonoscopy, who visited hospitals or operated for CRC in 2020 and 2021 (COVID-19 era) were compared with those in 2019, according to 3 age groups (≥70 years, 50–69 years, and ≤49 years), based on the nationwide, population-based database (2019–2021) in South Korea. Results: The annual volumes of colonoscopy and hospital visits for CRC in 2020 were more significantly declined in the old age group than in the young age group (both P<0.001). In addition, the annual volume of patients operated for CRC numerically more declined in old age group than in young age group. During the first surge of COVID-19 (March and April 2020), old age patients showed statistically significant declines for the monthly number of colonoscopies (–46.5% vs. –39.3%, P<0.001), hospital visits (–15.4% vs. –7.9%, P<0.001), CRC operations (–33.8% vs. –0.7%, P<0.05), and colonoscopic polypectomies (–41.8% vs. –38.0%, P<0.001) than young age patients, compared with those of same months in 2019. Conclusions Elderly population are more vulnerable for the management of CRC during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the elderly population are more carefully cared for in the management of CRC during the next pandemic.