Normal sectional anatomy of the calcaneus with multiplanar CT examination was studied in 5 volunteers as thebackground for interpretation of various abnormalities. Major 3 sectional anatomy including plantar, coronal,sagittal and additional tuberosity planes are described. With CT examination of the calcaneus, 1. More detailedanatomy of 3 facets of subtalar joint(anterior, middle, and posterior facet) can be well visualized. 2. Itsclinical applications in the tarsal trauma, tarsal coalition, subtalar infectin, degenerative arthritis, clubfoot, pes planus and tarsal tumor could provide much more informations, which not obtained by conventionalradiographic studies.
Anatomy, Cross-Sectional ; Calcaneus ; Clubfoot ; Flatfoot ; Osteoarthritis ; Volunteers

The present study has been carried out to enhance the specificity of computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) of the lumbar spine by the application of measure-set (MS) technic. MSCT scans of 20 patients with proven diagnosis of HNP were reviewed prospectively to sort out features of diagnostic value. Eleven were men and 9 were women with the mean age being 40 years. MSCT scan revealed dislocation of the center of the nucleus pulposus (NP) in direction of herniation in 75%, "permeation" of the annulus fibrosus (AF) by HNP material and a clear disruption of the outermost layer of AF in all patients. The site and grade of the protrusion of HNP beyond the normal saliancy of AF could be easily evaluated in 90%. The present study saliancy of AF could be easily evaluated in 90%. The present study revealed that MSCT can demonstrate four characteristic findings of HNP enabling one to directly and semiquantitatively assess the pathologic changes of NP.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Spinal Diseases/diagnosis/*radiography ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Pierre Robin Syndrome*

Twenty four cases of acromioclavicular seperation were admitted and treated at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University from October 1964 to September 1975. Of these, six cases were subluxations and eighteen cases were dislocations. Acromioclavicular joint injury is relatively rare and there are many methods of treatment. In our cases, all the six subluxations and seven of the eighteen dislocations were treated by conservative method, while eleven of the eighteen dislocations were treated by operative method. The results of all the subluxated cases were satisfactory. In cases of dislocation, the results were considerably better in operated cases with Weavers method.
Acromioclavicular Joint ; Dislocations ; Methods

The finger flexor injuries are very difficult to treat satisfactorily. It is usually said that the earlier the treatment performed, the better result obtained. But the delicasy of the hand anatomy and its function as well as the absence of the hand surgeon in the first aid care make the problem more complex. Even if we made the primary treatment to the flexor tendon injuries, some disabilities are often remained. We have treated fifty eight cases of old flexor tendon injuries in forty eight patients, the results can be summarized as follows. 1. The cause of the tendon damage is due to the laceration injury in the majorities of the cases. T,he tendon injuries are especially common between the late second and the early third decade. 2. In the injury of the Zone II with pulley distortion, the pulley reconstruction using palmaris longus or fascia from other sites will prevent bowstring and help the tendon function. 3. The Zone II can be subdivided into two subspecific areas. The proximal area is from the distal palmar crease to the midoprtion of porximal phalanx and the distal one is from the midportion of the proximal phalanx to the insertion of the sublimis tendon. In the proximal area one can repair the injured tendon directly after removal of the A1 and about proximal half of the A2 pulley without any subsequent bowstring if the tendon and its tunnel is relatively well preserved. Thus one can convert this proximal portion of Zone II to Zone III. So the proximal area of the Zone II should be differentiated from the remaining distal part of the Zone II. 4. At six months after the operation the result of the operation was analyzed by the percentage of the recovery, which was calculated by the postoperative active range of the interphalangeal joints divided by one hundred seventy five degrees that means the available total range of motion of normal interphalangeal joints. Excluding the cases with the tenodesis or arthrodesis, the total result revealed good or excellent in about ninty percentages with this method. 5. There were two fingers that showed a postoperative lumbrical plus state in Zone II, which were recovered spontaneously within three to four months postoperatively. So it is considered that the relative shortening of the lumbrical muscles can be treated and overcome conservatively by the active use of the fingers, and there is no need to perform an lumbrical tenotomy to correct this kind of muscle imbalance.
Arthrodesis ; Fascia ; Fingers ; First Aid ; Hand ; Humans ; Joints ; Lacerations ; Methods ; Muscles ; Patella ; Patellar Ligament ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Tendon Injuries ; Tendons ; Tenodesis ; Tenotomy ; Tibia

PURPOSE: This study was tried to evaluate the potential benefits of concurrent chemoradiation therapy (low dose daily cisplatin combined with split course radiation therapy) compared with conventional radiation therapy alone in stage III non-small cell lung cancer. The end points of analyses were response rate, overall survival, survival without locoregional failure, survival without distant metastasis, prognostic factors affecting survival and treatment related toxicities. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between April 1992 and March 1994, 32 patients who had stage III non-small cell lung cancer were treated with concurrent chemoradiation therapy. Radiation therapy for 2 weeks (300cGy given 10 times up to 3000cGy) followed by a 3 weeks rest period and then radiation therapy for 2 more weeks (250cGy given 10 times up to 2500cGy) was combined with 6mg/M2 of cisplatin. Follow-up period ranged from 13 months to 48 months with median of 24 months. Historical control group consisted of 32 patients who had stage III non-small cell lung cancer were received conventionally fractionated (daily 170-200cGy) radiation therapy alone. Total radiation dose ranged from 5580cGy to 7000cGy with median of 5940 cGy. Follow-up period ranged from 36 months to 105 months with median of 62 months. RESULTS: Complete reponse rate was higher in chemoradiation therapy (CRT) group than radiation therapy (RT) group (18.8% vs. 6.3%). CRT group showed lower in-field failure rate compared with RT group (25% vs. 47%). The overall survival rate had no significant differences in between CRT group and RT group (17.5% vs. 9.4% at 2 years). The survival without locoregional failure (16.5% vs. 5.3% at 2 years) and survival without distant metastasis (17% vs. 4.6% at 2 years) also had no significant differences. In subgroup analyses for patients with good performance status (Karnofsky performance scale 80), CRT group showed significantly higher overall survival rate compared with RT group (62.5% vs. 15.6% at 2 years). The prognostic factors affecting survival rate were performance status and pathologic subtype (squamous cell cancer vs. nonsquamous cell cancer) in CRT group. In RT alone group, performance status and stage (IIIa vs IIIb) were identified as a prognostic factors. RTOG/EORTC grade 2-3 nausea and vomiting (22% vs. 6%) and bone marrow toxicities (25% vs. 15.6%) were significantly higher in CRT group compared with RT alone group. The incidence of RTOG/EORTC grade 3-4 pulmonary toxicity had no significant differences in between CRT group and RT group (16% vs. 6%). The incidence of WHO grade 3-4 pulmonary fibrosis also had no significant differences in both group (38% vs. 25%). In analyses for relationship of field size and pulmonary toxicity, the patients who treated with field size beyond 200cm2 had significantly higher rates of pulmonary toxicities. CONCLUSION: The CRT group showed significantly higher local control rate than RT group. There were no significant differences of survival rate in between two groups. The subgroup of patients who had good performance status showed higher overall survival rate in CRT group than RT group. In spite of higher incidence of acute toxicities with concurrent chemoradiation therapy, the survival gain in subgroup of patients with good performance status were encouraging. CRT group showed higher rate of early death within 1 year, higher 2 year survival rate compared with RT group. Therefore, to evaluate the accurate effect on survival of concurrent chemoradiation therapy, systematic follow-up for long term survivors are needed.
Bone Marrow ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Cisplatin ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nausea ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; Survival Rate ; Survivors ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: Combined chemoradiotherapy is standard management for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC), but standard treatment for elderly patients with LA-NSCLC has not been confirmed yet. We evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for elderly patients with LA-NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among patients older than 65 years with LA-NSCLC, 36 patients, who underwent CCRT were retrospectively analyzed. Chemotherapy was administered 3-5 times with 4 weeks interval during radiotherapy. Thoracic radiotherapy was delivered to the primary mass and regional lymph nodes. Total dose of 54-59.4 Gy (median, 59.4 Gy) in daily 1.8 Gy fractions and 5 fractions per week. RESULTS: Regarding the response to treatment, complete response, partial response, and no response were shown in 16.7%, 66.7%, and 13.9%, respectively. The 1- and 2-year overall survival (OS) rates were 58.2% and 31.2%, respectively, and the median survival was 15 months. The 1- and 2-year progression-free survivals (PFS) were 41.2% and 19.5%, respectively, and the median PFS was 10 months. Regarding to the toxicity developed after CCRT, pneumonitis and esophagitis with grade 3 or higher were observed in 13.9% (5 patients) and 11.1% (4 patients), respectively. Treatment-related death was not observed. CONCLUSION: The treatment-related toxicity as esophagitis and pneumonitis were noticeably lower when was compared with the previously reported results, and the survival rate was higher than radiotherapy alone. The results indicate that CCRT is an effective in terms of survival and treatment related toxicity for elderly patients over 65 years old with LA-NSCLC.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Disease-Free Survival ; Esophagitis ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Pneumonia ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: In this study, the medication effects of Milnacipran and Pregabalin, as well known as fibromyalgia treatment medicine, in fibromyalgia syndrome patients were compared through the change of BOLD signal in pain related functional MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty fibromyalgia syndrome patients were enrolled in this study and they were separated into two groups according to the treatment medicine: 10 Milnacipran (MLN) treatment group and 7 Pregabalin (PGB) treatment group. For accurate diagnosis, all patients underwent several clinical tests. Pre-treated and post-treated fMRI image with block-designed pressure-pain stimulation for each group were obtained to conduct the statistical analysis of paired t-test and two sample t-test. All statistical significant level was less than 0.05. RESULTS: In clinical tests, the clinical scores of the two groups were not significantly different at pre-treatment stage. But, PGB treatment group had lower Widespread Pain Index (WPI) and Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) score than those of MLN treatment group at post-treatment stage. In functional image analysis, BOLD signal of PGB treatment group was higher BOLD signal at several regions including anterior cingulate and insula than MLN treatment group at post-treatment stage. Also, paired t-test values of the BOLD signal in MLN group decreased in several regions including insula and thalamus as known as 'pain network'. In contrast, size and number of regions in which the BOLD signal decreased in PGB treatment group were smaller than those of MLN treatment group. CONCLUSION: This study showed that MLN group and PGB group have different medication effects. It is not surprising that MLN and PGB have not the same therapeutic effects since these two drugs have different medicinal mechanisms such as antidepressants and anti-seizure medication, respectively, and different detailed target of fibromyalgia syndrome treatment. Therefore, it is difficult to say which medicine will work better in this study.
Antidepressive Agents ; Diagnosis ; Fatigue ; Fibromyalgia* ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Prostaglandins B ; Thalamus ; Pregabalin

The PMT-air airplane crash accident occurred in June 25, 2007 in Sihanoukville, Cambodia. All 22 passengers and crew, including 13 Korean victims, were found dead. Human identification was done at the Cambodian-Russian Soviet friendship hospital. All of Korean victims were identified with fingerprint comparison, age estimation, comparison of belongings and examination of past medical history. In this identification process, the examination of antemortem data source with searching personal blog of internet had been proved efficient in human identification. The antemortem data collection with internet access may be useful and should be combined with classical antemortem data collection process because it is beyond spatial and time limitation.
Aircraft* ; Blogging ; Cambodia ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; Dermatoglyphics ; Forensic Anthropology ; Friends ; Humans ; Internet

PURPOSE: An ideal suturing material should be strong, easy to handle, should produce minimal tissue reaction and finally should disappear without a trace. Various micro-vascular suture materials have been produced in the past several decades in order to meet these demands. We have used nylon suturing material in experimental microsurgery because it is less expensive than polypropylene. After carotid artery end-to-end anstomosis, we found fusiform aneurysm incidentally. In this study 9-0 nylon (group I) and 9-0 polypropylene (group II) were compared to 10-0 nylon (group III), and 10-0 polypropylene (group IV) in order to survey the incidence of aneurysmal development in each material for use in microvascular surgery. METHOD: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats, 230 g to 350 g body weight, were used for this study. The carotid arteries were anastomosed end-to-end with 9-0 nylon, and 10-0 nylon, in addition to 9-0 polypropylene, and 10-0 polypropylene. The suture number of all arteries was 10 points except for two cases were 11 points due to uncontrolled bleeding. Specimens were harvested 1 week, 3 weeks, 6weeks and 10 weeks postoperatively. RESULT: The number of animals studied during the first week totaled 20 carotid arteries and they showed no interval change. After 3 weeks, we identified aneurysms in following cases: group I 3 cases, group II 2 cases, group III 1 case and group IV 1 case per five cases in each group. After 6 weeks, gross aneurysmal changes seen: group I, all (5) cases; Group II, 2 cases; group III, all (5) cases; Group IV, 3 cases. After 10 weeks, many aneurysms were observed: group I, all (5) cases; group II, all (5) cases; group III, 0 case; group IV, 2 cases. The aneurysms were measured and ranged in size from 1.3 mm to 8.1 mm. Histological analysis for inflammation, fibrosis and medial necrosis at the anastomosis site revealed no significant difference between same sized suture materials. If the experimental aneurysms were more than 5 times the diameter of the carotid artery, the aneurysms were considered to be experimental giant aneurysms. Seventy of our 34 experimental aneurysms were considered to be giant aneurysms. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that the development of aneurysms was related to size of the suture material and not the type of suturing material used. An ideal suture material for anastomosisof the carotid artery in the rat wasd a 10-0 monofilament suture material with suture numbers was above 10 points. We also made good aneurysm model. When we used 9-0 suture material and suture numbers were below 10 points multiple aneurysms developed. This model demonstrated the development mechanism of giant fusiform aneurysms.
Aneurysm* ; Animals ; Arteries ; Body Weight ; Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Artery, Common* ; Fibrosis ; Hemorrhage ; Incidence ; Inflammation ; Microsurgery ; Necrosis ; Nylons ; Polypropylenes ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sutures