No abstract available.
Humans

Lumbar spinal stenosis is a common category of spinal disease in which a decrease in the volume of the spinal canal results in compression of the neural elements. Its pressure symptoms are characterized by vague back-pain and chronic sciatica. The goals of surgical treatment in lumbar spinal stenosis are the relief of pain and the preservation or restoration of neurologic function. Extensive laminectomy in lumbar spinal stenosis results in postoperative instability and postoperative vertebral subluxation with pain, restricted movement, and further neural compression occurs after decompressive laminectomy. Therefore internal fixation devices have been used in these circumstances to prevent postoperative instability while the fusion being consolidated. From February 1988 to October 1988, 36 patients of lumbar spinal stenosis had undergone operations with decompressive laminectomy and segmental spinal instrumentation with transpedicular screws at the department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine. In 18 patients degenerative changes in lumbar spine were the principal aetiologic factor:7 patients had spondylolisthetic spinal stenosis:ll patients had combined spinal stenosis. All patients were followed up for periods varying between twelve and ninteen months. According to Kim's criteria, the postoperative results were as follows;excellent in 17 cases(47.2% ), good in 15 cases(41.7% ) and fair in 4 cases(11.1% ). The study revealed that segmental spinal instrumentation with transpedicular screws provided a rigid fixation, early ambulation, minimal fusion and reducing of recovery period were possible. In conclusion, segmental spinal instrumentation with transpedicular screws is a good and reliable method of stabilization after extensive decompressive laminectomy.
Early Ambulation ; Humans ; Internal Fixators ; Laminectomy ; Methods ; Sciatica ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Diseases ; Spinal Fusion ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine

We report an autopsy case of secondary hemochromatosis associated with multiple frequent blood transfusion for the treatment of aplastic anemia. A 23-year-old man had been diagnosed as having aplastic anemia at the age of 13. He received a whole blood transfusion, about 1280 ml, every month during the past 10 years. Recently he developed diabetes mellitus and a congestive heart failure. The autopsy revealed that multiple organs were affected by secondary hemochromatosis, including the liver, heart, pancreas, spleen, bone marrow, stomach, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and testes. The lungs and liver showed gross and microscopic findings consistent with a congestive heart failure in addition to hemochromatosis. The details are presented. This is a case of rare secondary hemochromatosis occurring in a young man and presenting the classic histopathologic changes indistinguishable from those of primary hemochromatosis.
Adrenal Glands ; Anemia ; Anemia, Aplastic* ; Autopsy* ; Blood Transfusion ; Bone Marrow ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Heart ; Heart Failure ; Hemochromatosis* ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Pancreas ; Spleen ; Stomach ; Testis ; Thyroid Gland ; Young Adult

STUDY DESIGN: This study is a retrospective evaluation of the high lumbar disc herniations. OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study is to observe the clinical and radiological findings and out-comes of the high lumbar disc herniations, thus providing a guideline for making diagnosis and for proper treatment modality. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: High lumbar disc herniations at the L1 -2, L2-3 and L3-4 levels represent less than 5% of all disc herniations. The location of pain was highly complected. The represented symptoms and signs such as motor, sensory and reflex changes were variable and potentially misleading in suggesting a level of the disc herniation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-one patients with high lumbar disc herniations were retrospectively evaluated. Seventeen patients were treated conservatively and fourteen patients underwent surgery. Review of results was undertaken by an independent observer using a proven outcome assessment measure. RESULTS: The incidence of high lumbar disc herniation is 4.7%(L1-2: 13%, L2-3: 29%, L3-4: 58%) with declining frequency as the level ascends. The peak age incidence is 6th decade in male and 5th decade in female. The positive rate of femoral nerve stretching test(74%) is higher than that of straight leg raising test(51%). In fourteen operative cases, the positive rate of straight leg raising test is 86%. The accuracy of MRI findings in predicting the type of herniated disc is 93%. In results of operation thirteen cases showed more than fair grade(93%). CONCLUSION: The age incidence of the high lumbar disc herniation is older than that of the lower lumbar disc herniation. The femoral nerve stretching test is more useful than straight leg raising test in making diagnosis of high lumbar disc herniations. The prognosis after treatment is comparable with high lumbar disc herniations.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Femoral Nerve ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; Leg ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Prognosis ; Reflex ; Retrospective Studies

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in 41 patients with compression fracture of the spine. MR images of 14 patients with acute spinal trauma (within recent 1 month), eight patients with chronic trauma (over 1 month), and 19 patients with malignant cause without history of trauma were analyzed, retrospectively. Low signal intencities on T1-weighted images and high signal intensities on T2-weighted images were noted in 86% (12/14) of patients with acute trauma, Iso-signal intensities on all pulse sequences were noted in 50%(4/8) of patients with chronic trauma. Low signal intensities on T1-weighted images and high signal intensities on T2-weighted images were noted in 100%(19/19) of patients with metastatic compression fracture. Contrast enhancement was observed in all the cases of acute trauma(4/4) and metastases(18/18), whereas only 20% (1/5) of chronic trauma showed enhancement. Fragmentation was seen in 35% (5/14) of patients with acute trauma, in 25%(2/8) with chronic trauma, and not seen in the patients with metastasis. In conclusion, acute traumatic compression fracture can not be differentiated from malignant cause by MR signal intensity or contrast enhancement, but chronic compression fracture can be distinguished from metasasis. Fragmentation may suggest traumatic compression fracture. So MRI could be a useful method in differentiating the benign compression fractures from the pathologic ones caused by malignancy.
Fractures, Compression* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Methods ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of nutrition education providing school lunch by personalized daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System for adolescent athletes. METHODS: The subjects were 60 sports high school students (educated group, 30 vs. non-educated group 30). Nutrition education was provided for 4 weeks (40 min/lesson/week). In addition, personalized school lunch was served for 4 weeks, nutrition education period. The personalized lunch were provided Food Exchange Units according to personalized daily needed energy. The lessons were '5 Major nutrients, functions and foods', 'My daily needed energy and food exchange units by Food Exchange System', 'My meal plan by food exchange units according to my daily needed energy' and 'Smart choice of healthy snacks and eating outs'. After nutrition education, we examined the differences in anthropometric characteristics, nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and dietary intake between the educated and the non-educated group. RESULTS: We observed improvements in lean body mass in the educated group. With regard to nutrition knowledge, there were improvements in 'Functions of vitamins', 'Functions of minerals', 'Foods of fat', 'Foods of vitamin', and 'Foods of mineral' in the educated group. In relation to dietary attitude, there were improvements in 'Taking a meal with family and friend', 'Taking a meal at ease', 'Taking a meal with kimchi and vegetables', 'Taking a meal with three kinds of side dishes', 'Priority of choosing snacks' and 'Type of snacks' in the educated group. With regard to dietary intakes according to Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans, there were improvements in intakes levels of fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, folate, calcium, iron and zinc. The index of nutrition quality, as indicated by nutrition adequacy ratio also improved in the educated group. CONCLUSIONS: These results showed that a nutrition education program providing education lessons and personalized school lunch by food exchange units according to daily needed energy showed positive changes in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and dietary intake of adolescent athletes. Nutrition education program providing personalized school lunch by Food Exchange Units may improve dietary behaviors and dietary intakes of adolescents.
Adolescent* ; Ascorbic Acid ; Athletes* ; Calcium ; Eating ; Education* ; Folic Acid ; Humans ; Iron ; Jeollabuk-do* ; Lunch* ; Meals ; Recommended Dietary Allowances ; Snacks ; Sports ; Vitamin A ; Zinc

The objective of this paper is to introduce the schematic protocol of radiofrequency (RF) ablation for the treatment of varicose veins. Indication: anatomic or pathophysiologic indication includes venous diameter within 2-20 mm, reflux time > or =0.5 seconds and distance from the skin > or =5 mm or subfascial location. Access: it is recommended to access at or above the knee joint for great saphenous vein and above the mid-calf for small saphenous vein. Catheter placement: the catheter tip should be placed 2.0 cm inferior to the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction. Endovenous heat-induced thrombosis > or =class III should be treated with low-molecular weight heparin. Tumescent solution: the composition of solution can be variable (e.g., 2% lidocaine 20 mL+500 mL normal saline+bicarbonate 2.5 mL with/without epinephrine). Infiltration can be done from each direction. Ablation: two cycles' ablation for the first proximal segment of saphenous vein and the segment with the incompetent perforators is recommended. The other segments should be ablated one time. During RF energy delivery, it is recommended to apply external compression. Concomitant procedure: It is recommended to do simultaneously ambulatory phlebectomy. For sclerotherapy, it is recommended to defer at least 2 weeks. Post-procedural management: post-procedural ambulation is encouraged to reduce the thrombotic complications. Compression stocking should be applied for at least 7 days. Minor daily activity is not limited, but strenuous activities should be avoided for 2 weeks. It is suggested to take showers after 24 hours and tub baths, swimming, or soaking in water after 2 weeks.
Baths ; Catheter Ablation* ; Catheters ; Consensus* ; Heparin ; Knee Joint ; Lidocaine ; Saphenous Vein ; Sclerotherapy ; Skin ; Stockings, Compression ; Swimming ; Thrombosis ; Varicose Veins* ; Walking

The author list should be corrected.

To evaluate the value of MR imaging in the examination of ligament injury of the knee, we retrospectively analysed the MR images of 61 injured knees of 60 patients. The presence of tear was determined by arthroscopy in all cases. Anterior/posterior cruciate ligaments(ACL/PCL) were demonstrated by sagittal images. Media/lateral collateral ligaments(MCL/LCL) were evaluated on coronal images. The diagnostic accuracy were 91.8%, 96.7% and 100% for ACL, PCL and MCL, respectively. The specificity for the lateral collateral ligament was 100%. It is concluded that magnetic resonance imaging is an accurate method in detecting injury of the ligaments of the knee.
Arthroscopy ; Humans ; Knee* ; Lateral Ligament, Ankle ; Ligaments* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tears

PURPOSE: To describe the magnetic resonance (MR) findings of pigmented villonodular synovitis(PVNS) of the knee, and to evaluate the clinical value of MR in the diagnosis of PVNS. MATERIALS AND METHODS:MR imagings of seven patients with PVNS were studied. The type of lesion, presence of bony erosion, the signal intensity, and the relationship between contrast enhancement and signal intensity on T2-weighted images were analyzed, retrospectively. RESULTS: The lesion was mainly villous in three patients and nodular in four, and bony erosion was seen in one patient. On T2-weighted image, the signal intensity of the villous form was mixed iso- and hypointense in two, hypointense in one, and that of the nodular form was heterogeneous with hypo-, iso-, and hyperintensities. The hypointense portion on T2-weighted image showed poor contrast enhancement, which may suggest hemosiderin deposition or advanced fibrosis. The iso- or hyperintense portion on T2-weighted image showed strong enhancement, which suggest active cellular proliferation. CONCLUSION:MR imaging could be a very useful modality in the diagnosis as well as prediction of histological findings of the PVNS.
Cell Proliferation ; Diagnosis ; Fibrosis ; Hemosiderin ; Humans ; Knee* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Retrospective Studies ; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular*