INTRODUCTION: REM sleep which shows characteristic muscle atonia and increased resistance of upper respiratory track is known to be vulnerable to sleep apnea. Previous studies reported that REM sleep-dependent (or related) obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (REM-dependent OSA) could be one of sleep disordered breathing. The present study aimed to investigate clinical findings and polysomnographic variables of REM-dependent OSA. METHODS: Fifty-six patients diagnosed with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea by overnight polysomnography (52. We compared clinical and polysomnographic findings between REM-dependent OSA and No REM-dependent OSA patients. RESULTS: Among 56 patients, 37.5% (n=21, average age of 52.3+/-19.7 years, 14 males) met the REM-dependent OSA criteria. There were no significant differences in age, sex and body mass index between two groups. After controlling for age, sex, body mass index and periodic leg movements index, REM-dependent OSA patients showed significantly lower AHI, lower number of oxygen desaturation events and higher stage 2 sleep proportion compared to No REM-dependent OSA patients (p=0.010, p=0.006, p=0.031, respectively). After controlling for age, sex, body mass index and periodic legs movements index, AHI-REM was positively correlated with the number of oxygen desaturation events in REM-dependent OSA group (p=0.002). CONCLUSION: Current results suggested that 37.5% of patients with mild to moderate severity of obstructive sleep apnea could be classified into REM-dependent OSA. REM-dependent OSA was more common in mild severity of OSA, equally prevalent in both sexes and accompanied with sleep architecture changes, i.e. increased proportion of stage 2. In addition, apneic events during REM sleep in REM-dependent OSA were related to oxygen desaturation.
Body Mass Index ; Humans ; Leg ; Muscles ; Oxygen ; Polysomnography ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; Sleep, REM ; Track and Field

Angiogenesis is a critical factor in the progression of solid tumors, including cervical cancers. The mechanisms responsible for angiogenesis in uterine cervical neoplasia are not well defined. To determine the relationship between angiogenesis and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the cervical neoplasia, the author studied 63 cases of the cervical neoplasia diagnosed between the years 1993 to 1997 at Pusan National University Hospital. The expression of VEGF was semiquantitatively analyzed in paraffin sections by immunohistochemical method. Histologic sections immunostained for factor VIII-related antigen were evaluated for microvessel density. Increased expression of VEGF and microvessel counts was significantly correlated with depth of invasion. Increased microvessel counts were also significantly associated with increased VEGF expression. These results suggest that VEGF is an important angiogenic factor and associated with progression of the cervical neoplasia.
Angiogenesis Inducing Agents ; Busan ; Microvessels ; Paraffin ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A* ; von Willebrand Factor

No abstract available.
Animals ; Female* ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Haloperidol* ; Humans ; Rats*

The predictive accuracy of the SRK II, SRK/T and Holladay formulas was evaluated in 22 eyes with sever myopia who had phacoemulsification and implantaton of posterior chamber IOL without suture. These patients were followed up for at least 6 months postoperatively. Correlation coefficient between the predicted refraction and actual refraction was 0.57(P<0.01) in the eyes using the SRK/T, 0.566(P<0.01) in the Holladay and (0.06(P=0.791) in the SRK II. The mean absolute error in the SRK/T 0.85 was smaller than that of the Holladay 1.04 and the SRK II1.08(p<0.05). The percentage of the eyes with absolute error within 1D was 68% in the SRK/T, 68% in the Holladay and 53% in the SRK II, but there was no statistically significant difference between them(p>0.05). The percentage of the eye with hyperopic shift(more hyperopic actual refraction than the predicted refraction) was 77% in the SRK II, 77% in the SRK/T and 86% in the Holladay, but there was no statistically significant difference between each formula(p>0.05). In conclusion, the SRK/T has the better predictive accuracy than the SRK II and Holladay in severe myopia and hyperopic shift tends to occur with the application of all three formulas.
Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Myopia ; Phacoemulsification ; Sutures

Most instances of choriocarcinoma of the ovary are gestational in origin. In contrast, nongestational choriocarcinoma of the ovary is an exceedingly rare primary germ cell neoplasm that has worse prognosis than gestational neoplasm. We report a case of pure nongestational choriocarcinoma of the ovary in view of the rarity of its kind. The patient was a 35-year-old Korean unmarried woman who had suffered from vaginal bleeding and feeling of abdominal inflation for two months. The X-ray studies and CT scanning revealed a child head sized cystic mass on the right pelvic cavity and multiple nodular densities in both lung fields and the liver. The mass in pelvic cavity was excised and histologically confirmed to be a nongestational pure choriocarcinoma, arising from the right side ovary.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans

1. Ten cases of fracture of the carpal navicular were observed and analyzed, which were treated by thumb-including short arm cast in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Han Kang Sacred Heart Hospital during the period from November 1, 1977 to May 31, 1978. 2. Of the total ten cases eight cases were between the age of twenty and forty. 3. The sites of fracture were confined to the middle one third in ten cases. The fracture lines were-transverse in six cases. 4. There was little difficulty in confirming the diagnosis initially with clinical symptoms and signs and roentgenologic studies available. But, in one case the frature line was not detected by usual roentgenologic studies including the carpal navicular view. 5. Union was obtained from two cases after ten weeks of cast immobilization, from four cases after twelve weeks and from three cases after twenty weeks. In the remaining one case, however, pain was persistent after twenty-four weeks of immobilization. 6. The results of treatment were excellent in four cases and good in five cases so that nine patients could return to their work.
Arm ; Diagnosis ; Heart ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Orthopedics

Local deposition of antibiotics has become increasing popular in the management of open fractures or osteomyelitis, and several substances have been employed as the vehicle for delivery. Although the elution characteristics of some substances have been documented, a comparative study of the characteristics of the commonly used substances were performed in order to establish the clinical indications for particular vehicles. Carriers were prepared, which were human iliac cancellous bone, bovine cancellous bone matrix(Lubboc?), absorbable gelatin sponge(Gelfoam?), fibrin glue(Beriplast? P) and polymethylmethacrylate(CMW?) for elution characteristics of vancomycin. The each carriers were immersed on the 20 ml of PBS and then obtained the samples for analysis of concentration of vancomycin at first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, fourteenth, twenty-first, twenty-eighth day after immersion. The assay technique was fluorescent polarization immunoassay(Abbott, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.). Nearly 50% of vancomycin was released from human iliac cancellous bone, Lubboc? and fibrin glue during the first 3 days, and negligible after first week. Gelatin sponge produced high local concentration of vancomycin during the first week. PMMA eluted the only 6% of vancomycin during the first day and trace amount detected as long as 4 weeks. There are significant statistical difference among carriers at second and fourth week(ANOVA test, P < 0.05). The authors considered that human iliac cancellous bone, Lubboc? ,Gelfoam? and fibrin glue may be best employed when brief antibiotic coverage is required, whereas PMMA may be better suited for long-term coverage.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Fibrin ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive ; Fractures, Open ; Gelatin ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Humans ; Immersion ; In Vitro Techniques ; Osteomyelitis ; Pharmacokinetics ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Porifera ; Texas ; Vancomycin

Human sparganosis is one of the fhost common tissue parasitoses caused by helminthes in Korea. Human sparganosis is found most frequently in subcutaneous or adipose tissue of the abdominal wall, thoracic wall and inguinal region, it is rarely found in the orbital cavity, abdominal cavity, brain, breast, or lower extremities. We experienced one ease of sparganosis which developed into the thigh and popliteal area in combination with avascular necrosis of the femoral head. The case is a 59 years old male. The patient had the history of eating raw meat as a tonic food 3 years ago. The presenting symptom was left hip joint pain. We confirmed the sparganosis in microscopic findings of worms and by immunologic serum studies. The avascular necrosis of the femoral head was detected with plain roentgenography and magnetic resonance imaging. Many spargana were removed from the lesions by surgical excision. Two of them were alive, and others had degenerated or calcified. The life cycle and route of infestation of sparganosis were discussed briefly and related literatures were reviewed.
Abdominal Cavity ; Abdominal Wall ; Adipose Tissue ; Brain ; Breast ; Eating ; Head* ; Helminths ; Hip Joint ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Cycle Stages ; Lower Extremity ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Meat ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis* ; Orbit ; Radiography ; Sparganosis* ; Thigh* ; Thoracic Wall

No abstract available.

Median raphe cyst is not a cornmon disease and represents a defect in the embryologic development of male genitalia. It occurs most commonly near the glans penis, but may occur anywhere from the urethral meatus to the anus, and is lined by entodermal or ectodermal epithelium. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Recently we observed a 29-year-old male patient who had had a typical median raphe cyst since childhood on the ventral aspect of the glans penis. On histological examination, the cyst was lined by stratified columnar epithelium varied from four to eight cells in thickness.
Adult ; Anal Canal ; Ectoderm ; Epithelium ; Genitalia, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Penis*