Radioactive (14)C-glucose(U) was given to Clonorchis sinensis in Tris buffer medium, in corder to trace the metabolic fate of the labelled carbon. The labelled carbon from glucose enters into intermediary metabolites and end products of anaeroblic glycolysis, Embden-Meyerhof pathway, and of aerobic Krebs cycle. These product were identified by one or two-dimensional paper chromatography in combination with autoradoigraphy. The labelled metabolites detected in this experiment corresponded to pyruvic acid, latic acid, malic acid, succinic acid and fumaric acid. Amino acids, such as alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, valine, theronine, and serine, derived by the degradation of (14)C- glycose were also found. Labelled compounds behaving like alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid were observed in the chroma to gram of incubation medium. The preciptation which suggests a positive reaction for protein occured when absolute ethanol was added to the incubation medium.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; two-dimensional paper chromatography ; autoradiography ; metabolism ; glucose

Iatrogenic ureteral injury is a complication that can occur during a variety of pelvic or abdominal surgeries. The most frequent causes are gynecological ones, followed by colon and vascular surgeries. Management of ureteric injury depends on the time of diagnosis and the severity of organ damage. Injuries diagnosed intraoperatively should be treated immediately. Occasionally, intraoperative ureteral injury is overlooked, and symptoms of the late diagnosis of ureteral injury are usually nonspecific; therefore, the diagnosis is delayed for days or weeks postoperatively. Management of injuries diagnosed postoperatively is more complex. There are differing opinions on whether an initial conservative or immediate operative intervention is the best line of action. Delayed repair is suggested on the grounds that it will reduce inflammation and tissue edema. However, many authors are in favor of early repair, perhaps because tissue planes are easier to find before fibrosis becomes too dense. Ureteral injuries occurring at the level of the pelvic brim should be best managed with an end-to-end anastomosis, preferably around a ureteric stent. More distal injuries also should be ideally managed with an end-to-end anastomosis, after excision of the crushed or compromised segments. However, if the remaining distal segment is short, ureteral reimplantation is the procedure of choice. The Boari flap technique for ureteral reimplantation is invaluable in cases with a short proximal segment. Delayed recognition of iatrogenic ureteral injury may be associated with serious complications, so prompt recognition of ureteral injuries is important. Recognition of the injury before closure is the key to easy, successful, and complications-free repair. Increased awareness of the risk for ureteral damage during certain operative maneuvers is vital to prevent injury, and to decrease the incidence of iatrogenic injury. A sound knowledge of abdominal and pelvic anatomy is the best prevention.
Colon ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Edema ; Fibrosis ; Iatrogenic Disease ; Incidence ; Inflammation ; Replantation ; Stents ; Ureter

During 1964 to 1967, a survey of 30,534 persons for filariasis was made on all over the country with the following results: Among 24,816 draftees from all over the country in the army recruitment camp 155(0.63 %) were found infected with Brugia malayi. Cheju Do showed the highest microfilaria rate(3.5 %), North Kyongsang Do(1.4 %) the next and South Cholla Do(1.2 %) the third. Blood films from 2,308 inhabitants were examined and 407(17.6 %) showed microfilaria in Cheju Do. 30(3.1 %) out of 974 inhabitants in North Kyongsang Do were found to be infected. The microfilaria rates were 2.0 per cent for 400 inhabitants of Chindo island in South Cholla Do. However, no positive case of microfilaria was found in the inhabitants of Kokumdo among 1,820 persons examined in South Cholla Do and of Namhae island(among 165 persons examined) in South Kyongsang Do. The mean microfilarial density per 20 cu. mm of blood was 52.6 in the inhabitants of Cheju Do, 12.2 in North Kyongsang Do and 27.3 in Chindo island(South Cholla Do). Any distinct relationship between the incidence of positive cases of microfilariae and age or sex of the cases was not observed in Cheju Do. However, in Norh Kyongsang Do and South Cholla Do the microfilaria rate of the male group is higher than the one of the female group of the inhabitants. From the above survey results it turned out that filariasis was found throughout Southern Korea except Kyonggi Do and South Kyongsang Do. A total 30,534 persons examined, 601(2.0 %) were found to be infected by Brugia malayi. Therefore, it seems that there are some endemic foci of malayian filariasis in three main areas such as North Kyongsang Do, South Cholla Do and Cheju Do.
parsitology-helminth-nematoda-Brugia malayi ; filariasis ; epidemiology ; Army

The occurrence of squamous metaplasia(morule) in colorectal mucosa and adenocarcinoma, althrough rare, has been well documented. In contrast, very little mention has been given to mature squamous cells seen in colorectal polyps or adenomas. A 42-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of diarrhea and melena. Proctosigmoidoscopy revealed a 4 cm-sized polypoid tumor 20 cm above the anal verge. Colonoscopic biopsy showed tubular adenoma, and a segmental resection of sigmoid colon was done. Microscopically, the tumor was c classical tubular adenoma containing multiple solid nests of squamous cells scattered only in the neoplasm; the squamous nests were generally small, and some showed direct continuity with adenomatous glands. The squamous cells were keratinizing and had regular nuclei with no mitotic activity. The importance of this phenomenon lies in its pathologic recognition, and the findings suggest that awareness of this rare occurrence in colorectal polyps should avert such overdiagnosis, and consequently prevents unnecessary radical surgery.
Female ; Humans ; Adenoma ; Biopsy

The hepatobiliary system is one of the most common sites of extraintestinal manifestation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The progression of IBD can lead to a primary hepatobiliary manifestation and can occur secondary to multiple drugs or accompanying viral infections. Primary sclerosing cholangitis is the representative hepatobiliary manifestation of IBD, particularly in ulcerative colitis. Although most agents used in the treatment of IBD are potentially hepatotoxic, the risk of serious hepatitis or liver failure is low. The prevalence of HBV and HCV in IBD is similar to the general population, but the clinical concern is HBV reactivation associated with immunosuppressive therapy. Patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy with a moderate to high risk of HBV reactivation require prophylactic antiviral therapy. On the other hand, HCV has little risk of reactivation. Patients with IBD are more likely to have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease than the general population and tend to occur at younger ages. IBD and cholelithiasis are closely related, especially in Crohn's disease.
Cholangitis, Sclerosing ; Cholelithiasis ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; Crohn Disease ; Drug Therapy ; Drug-Induced Liver Injury ; Hand ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis Viruses ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Liver Failure ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; Prevalence

The hepatobiliary system is one of the most common sites of extraintestinal manifestation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The progression of IBD can lead to a primary hepatobiliary manifestation and can occur secondary to multiple drugs or accompanying viral infections. Primary sclerosing cholangitis is the representative hepatobiliary manifestation of IBD, particularly in ulcerative colitis. Although most agents used in the treatment of IBD are potentially hepatotoxic, the risk of serious hepatitis or liver failure is low. The prevalence of HBV and HCV in IBD is similar to the general population, but the clinical concern is HBV reactivation associated with immunosuppressive therapy. Patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy with a moderate to high risk of HBV reactivation require prophylactic antiviral therapy. On the other hand, HCV has little risk of reactivation. Patients with IBD are more likely to have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease than the general population and tend to occur at younger ages. IBD and cholelithiasis are closely related, especially in Crohn's disease.
Cholangitis, Sclerosing ; Cholelithiasis ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; Crohn Disease ; Drug Therapy ; Drug-Induced Liver Injury ; Hand ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis Viruses ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Liver Failure ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; Prevalence

The anthors studied the 152 cases of primary bone tumors statistically during the period of 7 years and 4 months from Janusry, 1980 to April, 1987 at the department of orthopaedic surgery, St. Benedict Hospital, Pusan and the department of anatomic pathology, Pusan National University Hospital. The results of the study were summsrized as follows; l. Of the 152 cases of primary bone tumors, benign tumors were 128 cases(84.2%) and malignant tumors were 24 cases(15.8%). 2. Of benign bone tumors, the most common type was osteochondroms(34 cases, 26.6%), followed by fibrous dysplasia(25 cases, 19.5%), giant cell tumor(14 cases, 10.9%) and enchondroma(11 cases, 8.6%). 3. Of malignant bone tumors, the most common type was osteosarcoma(14 cases, 58.3%), followed by chondrosarcoma(5 cases, 20.8%), Ewing's sarcoma(3 cases, 12.5%) and myeloma(1 case, 4.2%). 4. Age distribution of benign bone tumors showed that most cases(76.4%) occured under 30-years old. Among malignant bone tumors, most of osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma occured between 10-and 20-yesrs old. 5. The male to female ratio of overall benign bone tumors was 1.1: 1, and that of maligant bone tumors was 1.2: 1. There was no sexual difference. 6. The favorite sites of benign bone tumors were femur(31 cases, 23.1%), maxilla or mandible(31 cases, 23.1%), tibia(22 cases, 16.4%) and rib(11 cases, 8.2%) and those of malignant bone tumors were freguently femur(12 cases, 50.0%), followed by tibia(5 cases, 20.8 %) and pelvis(4 cases, 16.7%). 7. The most frequent manifestations in benign bone tumors were mass or swelling(62.7%), followed by pain or tenderness(33.9%) and disturbed motion or function(10.2%), but those were mostly pain or tenderness(73.9%), followed by mass or swelling(52.2%) and pathologic fracture(13.0%) in malignsnt bone tumors.8. The duration of symptoms in benign bone tumors was less than 6 months in 39.1% and less than 1 year in 44.6%, but less than 6 months in 70.9% and less than 1 year in 87.6% in malignant bone tumors. The duration of symptoms in malignant bone tumors was much shorted than that of benign bone tumors.
Age Distribution ; Busan ; Female ; Giant Cells ; Humans ; Male ; Maxilla ; Osteosarcoma ; Pathology ; Sarcoma, Ewing ; Statistics as Topic

The University of California, San Francisco, announced in 2011 Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment Postsurgical (CAPRA-S) score which included pathologic data, but there were no results for comparing preoperative predictors with the CAPRA-S score. We evaluated the validation of the CAPRA-S score in our institution and compare the result with the preoperative progression predictor, CAPRA score. Data of 130 patients were reviewed who underwent radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer from 2008 to 2013. Performance of CAPRA-S score in predicting progression free probabilities was assessed through Kaplan Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression test. Additionally, prediction probability was compared with preoperative CAPRA score by logistic regression analysis. Comparing CAPRA score, the CAPRA-S score showed improved prediction ability for 5 yr progression free survival (concordance index 0.80, P = 0.04). After risk group stratification, 3 group model of CAPRA-S was superior than 3 group model of CAPRA for 3-yr progression free survival and 5-yr progression free survival (concordance index 0.74 vs. 0.70, 0.77 vs. 0.71, P < 0.001). Finally the CAPRA-S score was the more ideal predictor concerned with adjuvant therapy than the CAPRA score through decision curve analysis. The CPARA-S score is a useful predictor for disease progression after radical prostatectomy.
Combined Modality Therapy ; Decision Making ; Disease Progression ; Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Postoperative Period ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/analysis ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms/mortality/*pathology/therapy ; Retrospective Studies

The University of California, San Francisco, announced in 2011 Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment Postsurgical (CAPRA-S) score which included pathologic data, but there were no results for comparing preoperative predictors with the CAPRA-S score. We evaluated the validation of the CAPRA-S score in our institution and compare the result with the preoperative progression predictor, CAPRA score. Data of 130 patients were reviewed who underwent radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer from 2008 to 2013. Performance of CAPRA-S score in predicting progression free probabilities was assessed through Kaplan Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression test. Additionally, prediction probability was compared with preoperative CAPRA score by logistic regression analysis. Comparing CAPRA score, the CAPRA-S score showed improved prediction ability for 5 yr progression free survival (concordance index 0.80, P = 0.04). After risk group stratification, 3 group model of CAPRA-S was superior than 3 group model of CAPRA for 3-yr progression free survival and 5-yr progression free survival (concordance index 0.74 vs. 0.70, 0.77 vs. 0.71, P < 0.001). Finally the CAPRA-S score was the more ideal predictor concerned with adjuvant therapy than the CAPRA score through decision curve analysis. The CPARA-S score is a useful predictor for disease progression after radical prostatectomy.
Combined Modality Therapy ; Decision Making ; Disease Progression ; Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Postoperative Period ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/analysis ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms/mortality/*pathology/therapy ; Retrospective Studies

Autoimmune diseases are occasionally associated with other autoimmune diseases in the same patients. Autoimmune Graves' disease has been associated with systemic rheumatic diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). And Graves' disease associated with idiopathic thrornbocytopenic purpura (ITP) has been reported many times in Korea. There is a special relationship between SLE and ITP, both of which are autoimmune diseases. Some patients with thrombocytopenic purpura, labeled as idiopathic at the onset, later develop a classical course of SLE, suggesting that ITP may be an early manifestation of SLE. The relationships among these three conditions and their pathogenesis are poorly undemtood, and the coexistence of these diseases at the same time has been reported very rarely, but it may be very probable that there are some relationships among them. We report a case of SLE associated with Graves' disease and ITP treated well by imunosup-pressive agent who had been suffering from recurrence by conventional treatments (antithyroid medication, corticosteroid, subtotal thyroidectomy and splenectomy).
Autoimmune Diseases ; Graves Disease ; Humans ; Korea ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Purpura ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic* ; Recurrence ; Rheumatic Diseases ; Thyroidectomy