No abstract available.
Leukemia*

No abstract available.
Bone Conduction* ; Ear, Middle* ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis* ; Pathology* ; Temporal Bone*

Eosinophilic cholecystitis is a rare disease characterized by transmural leukocyte infiltration composed of more than 90% eosinophils. Eosinophilic cholecystitis is clinically indistinguishable from ordinary cholecystitis, and as a rule it leads to cholecystectomy. We report a case of idiopathic eosinophilic cholecystitis treated with steroids. A 75-year-old woman presented with a classic history of acute cholecystitis and a peripheral eosinophilia of 41.8%. There was no evidence of allergy or parasitic infestation. An abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) scan showed an edematous, thickened gallbladder wall, but no gallstones. There was no evidence of eosinophilic infiltration in other organs. Cholecystectomy was not performed because the patient refused surgical management. However, fever, abdominal pain, and peripheral eosinophilia persisted despite antibiotic and conservative therapy. Therefore, we attempted treatment with prednisolone. A week later, the symptoms disappeared and the peripheral eosinophilia normalized.
Abdominal Pain ; Aged ; Cholecystectomy ; Cholecystitis ; Cholecystitis, Acute ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Fever ; Gallbladder ; Gallstones ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Leukocytes ; Prednisolone ; Rare Diseases ; Steroids

Clostridium difficile is the most common nosocomial pathogen of the gastrointestinal tract. Pseudomembranous colitis occurs as a result of a severe inflammatory response to Clostridium difficile toxins. Pseudomembranous colitis is an increasingly frequent cause of morbidity and mortality among elderly hospitalized patients. Diarrhea is the most common manifestation. According to the literature, stools are almost never grossly bloody, and range from soft and unformed to watery or mucoid in consistency. We now report the cases of three patients with pseudomembranous colitis whose main clinical manifestation was hematochezia.
Aged ; Clostridium difficile ; Diarrhea ; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease. Only a few patients reach adulthood without surgical correction. Unrepaired TOF patients with mild to moderate right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction may be clinically silent until adulthood. TOF with hypoxic spells present as periods of profound cyanosis that occur because of almost total RVOT obstruction. So, hypoxic spell typically occurs in a crying infant but is rare in an adult. In this report, we presented a case of a 75-year-old patient with uncorrected TOF presenting with hypoxic spell, consequent pulmonary hypertension and chronic heart failure. This is the oldest case of natural survivor with uncorrected TOF in Korea and the oldest patient presenting hypoxic spell worldwide.
Adult ; Aged* ; Anoxia ; Crying ; Cyanosis ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Infant ; Korea ; Survivors* ; Tetralogy of Fallot*

No abstract available.
Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory*

The lack of available cadaveric organs for transplantation has result in an increased number of kidney transplantation from living donors. In order to characterize correlation of variable factors which affect on the renal graft survival and to compare graft survival of living related donor with that of living unrelated donor, the 515 cases of renal transplantation between January 1979 and December 1997 were reviewed. Each effect of factors included recipient age, donor age, infection, acute rejection, tissue typing, type of donor on graft survival was analyzed as well as the interrelationship on graft survival between six risk factors. It was risk factors which effect on the graft survival that acute rejection, tissue typing and type of donor (P=0.00, P=0.001, P=0.00). The 1 and 5 year graft survival rates of cadaveric renal donor group and acute rejection positive group were 64.8-32.4%, 84.5-49.8% for younger recipient group (<30), 81.3-53.9%, 84.5-49.8% for ideal age group (30-49), 0-0%, 44-44% for older recipients group (>50) (0.017). The 1 and 5 year survival rate of cadaveric renal donor group was 42.8% and 28.6% during 1978-1983, 37.5% and 12.5% during 1984-1990 and 100% and 80% during 1991-1997. The grafts survival rate of unrelated living donor is significantly higher than that of cadaveric grafts during 1978-1990 and had a survival rate similar to that of living related donor grafts under all the circumstance given. The tissue typing, acute rejection and type of donor were significant factor which have influence on the graft survival. The cadaveric renal donor & acute rejection had significantly negative effect in older recipients (>50). Recently, the survival rate of cadaveric graft was remarkably increased, but in the future the more data collection for cadaveric graft is required. Living-unrelated renal transplantation provides comparable result to living-related renal transplantation and the unrelated living donor is excellent source of organs for renal transplant recipients.
Allografts* ; Cadaver ; Data Collection ; Graft Survival ; Histocompatibility Testing ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Living Donors ; Risk Factors* ; Survival Rate ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation ; Transplants ; Unrelated Donors

The lack of available cadaveric organs for transplantation has result in an increased number of kidney transplantation from living donors. In order to characterize correlation of variable factors which affect on the renal graft survival and to compare graft survival of living related donor with that of living unrelated donor, the 515 cases of renal transplantation between January 1979 and December 1997 were reviewed. Each effect of factors included recipient age, donor age, infection, acute rejection, tissue typing, type of donor on graft survival was analyzed as well as the interrelationship on graft survival between six risk factors. It was risk factors which effect on the graft survival that acute rejection, tissue typing and type of donor (P=0.00, P=0.001, P=0.00). The 1 and 5 year graft survival rates of cadaveric renal donor group and acute rejection positive group were 64.8-32.4%, 84.5-49.8% for younger recipient group (<30), 81.3-53.9%, 84.5-49.8% for ideal age group (30-49), 0-0%, 44-44% for older recipients group (>50) (0.017). The 1 and 5 year survival rate of cadaveric renal donor group was 42.8% and 28.6% during 1978-1983, 37.5% and 12.5% during 1984-1990 and 100% and 80% during 1991-1997. The grafts survival rate of unrelated living donor is significantly higher than that of cadaveric grafts during 1978-1990 and had a survival rate similar to that of living related donor grafts under all the circumstance given. The tissue typing, acute rejection and type of donor were significant factor which have influence on the graft survival. The cadaveric renal donor & acute rejection had significantly negative effect in older recipients (>50). Recently, the survival rate of cadaveric graft was remarkably increased, but in the future the more data collection for cadaveric graft is required. Living-unrelated renal transplantation provides comparable result to living-related renal transplantation and the unrelated living donor is excellent source of organs for renal transplant recipients.
Allografts* ; Cadaver ; Data Collection ; Graft Survival ; Histocompatibility Testing ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Living Donors ; Risk Factors* ; Survival Rate ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation ; Transplants ; Unrelated Donors

Background: Arm swing plays a role in gait by accommodating forward movement through trunk balance. This study evaluates the biomechanical characteristics of arm swing during gait. Methods: The study performed computational musculoskeletal modeling based on motion tracking in 15 participants without musculoskeletal or gait disorder. A three-dimensional (3D) motion tracking system using three Azure Kinect (Microsoft) modules was used to obtain information in the 3D location of shoulder and elbow joints. Computational modeling using AnyBody Modeling System was performed to calculate the joint moment and range of motion (ROM) during arm swing. Results: The mean ROM of the dominant elbow was 29.7°±10.2° and 14.2°±3.2° in flexion–extension and pronation–supination, respectively. The mean joint moment of the dominant elbow was 56.4±12.7 Nm, 25.6±5.2 Nm, and 19.8±4.6 Nm in flexion–extension, rotation, and abduction–adduction, respectively. Conclusions The elbow bears the load created by gravity and muscle contracture in dynamic arm swing movement.

According to the electromyographic study, the superior and inferior heads of lateral pterygoid, one of the masticatory muscles, are known to perform the reciprocal actions in mandibular movements; the superior head is active in closing movement, whereas the inferior head is active in opening of the jaw. Through these two reciprocal actions of these two heads, the articular disk of TMJ is seated in its resting position. Many reports regarded the superior and inferior heads of the lateral pterygoid as functionally independent muscles, but from a morphological point of view, the origin of the independent nerve innervation and intramuscular branching patterns of the mandibular nerve are unclear. Twenty -four adult hemi -sectioned heads were dissected to clarify the topography of the nerve distribution on two heads of lateral pterygoid and also to determine the anatomico -clinical relevance related with temporomandibular disorder. Most buccal nerves were found to run between the superior and inferior heads of the lateral pterygoid (21 cases, 87.5 %). In 3 cases, buccal nerves passed through the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid (12.5%). In front of the ascending ramus region, most buccal nerves ran in front of the temporalis without being entrapped within the temporalis (16 cases, 66.7%). However, in 8 cases buccal nerve passed in front of the temporalis being entrapped within the anterior fiber of the temporalis (33.3%). In this study, the mandibular nerve trunk was located intimately to the lateral pterygoid. Both heads of the lateral pterygoid muscles were innervated from the mandibular nerve branches, but the patterns of nerve distribution were various. Nerves innervated to the superior head of the lateral pterygoid had different origin. Only in 45.8% (11 cases), they originated from the buccal nerve. In 16.7% (4 cases) the nerve branches originated from the anterior deep temporal nerve only, and in 12.5% (3 cases) from the buccal and anterior deep temporal nerve. In contrast, nerves innervated to inferior head of the lateral pterygoid showed different pattern of distribution. In 58.3 %, nerves distributed on the inferior head originated from both the buccal and mandibular nerve trunk. In 20.8%, they originated from the buccal nerve only, in 12.5% from the mandibular nerve trunk only. In seven categories of the distribution of mandibular nerve branches, in only 20.8% (5 cases), both the superior and inferior heads of the lateral pterygoid had the common source of nerve innervation, the buccal nerve. In contrast, in 45.9% (11 cases) additional nerve twigs from the mandibular nerve trunk were distributed on the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle. Author observed the pterygoid loop (ansa pterygoidea) located between the mandibular nerve trunk and the nerve innervating to the lateral pterygoid in 4 cases. In addition, the intramuscular nerve loop within the inferior head of lateral pterygoid was observed in 5 cases. Summarizing these results, besides the buccal nerve mentioned in an anatomical textbook, nerve twigs originating directly from the mandibular nerve trunk innervated to the lateral pterygoid and the ones originating from the anterior and middle deep temporal nerves distributed on the lateral pterygoid muscle in various manners. Considering the various patterns of nerve distribution on the lateral pterygoid, author concluded that the two heads of the lateral pterygoid are controlled by independent innervation. Furthermore, we found out that nerve entrapments and nerve communications are related with symptoms of temporomandibular disorder and with possible collateral route of motor innervation to the facial expression muscles, respectively.
Adult ; Facial Expression ; Head ; Humans ; Jaw ; Mandibular Nerve* ; Masticatory Muscles ; Muscles ; Nerve Compression Syndromes ; Pterygoid Muscles* ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders