This study is to analyze the stress and displacement on the jaws during the bilateral and unilateral clenching task on three dimensional finite element model of the dentated skull. For this study, the computed tomography(G.E.8800 Quick, USA) was used to scan the total length of human skull in the frontal plane at 1.9mm intervals. The CAD data were extracted from the tomograms through digitizer(Summa Sketch III,USA) and then reconstructed by means of the spline method in the CAD program. In this project, a commercial software I-DEAS(Master Series version 3.0, SDRC Inc, USA) was used for three-dimensional stress analysis on the finite element model. which consists of articular disc, maxilla, mandible, teeth, periodontal ligament and cranium. The results are as follows. ; 1. During the bilateral clenching, each major muscle forces caused high stresses on various areas of skull: masseter muscle on articular disc and teeth; temporal muscle on mandible and periodontal ligament; medial pterygoid muscle on the temporomandibular joint. During the unilateral clenching, masseter muscle induced the maximum stress; medial pterygoid muscle the minimum stress. 2. During the bilateral clenching, higher compressive stresses on articular disc were generated by the masseter muscle and higher deformation occurred on the most front outer sites. And during the unilateral clenching, temporal muscle and medial pterygoid muscle exerted their forces to twist temporomandibular joint area of the balancing side and induced a higher compressive stresses on the front outer sites of articular disc. 3. During the bilateral clenching, the masseter muscle bended the mandible outwardly, and then caused tensile stresses on the lingual surface of mandibular symphysis. And the medial pterygoid muscle caused tensile stresses on the labial surface of mandibular symphysis. 4. When each muscles were simultaneously applied on jaws, a high stress and displacement took place on mandible rather than on the maxilla.; Also, a high stress and displacement took place during the unilateral clenching rather than during the bilateral clenching.
Humans ; Jaw* ; Mandible ; Masseter Muscle ; Maxilla ; Muscles ; Periodontal Ligament ; Pterygoid Muscles ; Skull ; Temporal Muscle ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Tooth

Purpose: This study examined the factors affecting mortality and clinical severity score (CSS) of male and female patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) using clinical epidemiological information provided by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Methods: This is a retrospective, observational cohort study. From January 21 to April 30, 2020, a total of 5624 patients who were released from quarantine or died were analyzed. Results: The factors influencing release or death that differed by sex were high heart rate and malignancy in males and chronic kidney disease in females. In addition, the factors influencing progression to severe CSS were high BMI (severe obesity) and rheumatic disease in males and high temperature, sputum production, absence of sore throat and headache, chronic kidney disease, malignancy, and chronic liver disease in females. Older age, low lymphocyte count and platelets, dyspnea, diabetes mellitus, dementia, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission affected mortality in all the patients, and older age, low lymphocyte count and platelets, fever, dyspnea, diabetes mellitus, dementia, and ICU admission affected progression to severe stage of CSS. Conclusions This study is expected to contribute to the general results by analyzing nationally representative data. The results of this study present an important basis for development of differentiated nursing and medical management strategies in consideration of factors that influence treatment effects and outcomes according to sex of patients with COVID-19.

Antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) are associated with central nervous system demyelination inclusive of optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. MOG antibody may rarely be associated with peripheral nervous system involvement. A 48-year-old woman presented with demyelinating polyneuropathy. She previously suffered from myelitis and optic neuritis and had diagnosed with MOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). Polyneuropathies, combined central and inflammatory neuropathies may be associated with MOGAD and may be immunotherapy responsive. Further studies were needed to elucidate the utility of MOG antibody testing in polyneuropathy.

Antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) are associated with central nervous system demyelination inclusive of optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. MOG antibody may rarely be associated with peripheral nervous system involvement. A 48-year-old woman presented with demyelinating polyneuropathy. She previously suffered from myelitis and optic neuritis and had diagnosed with MOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). Polyneuropathies, combined central and inflammatory neuropathies may be associated with MOGAD and may be immunotherapy responsive. Further studies were needed to elucidate the utility of MOG antibody testing in polyneuropathy.

Antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) are associated with central nervous system demyelination inclusive of optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. MOG antibody may rarely be associated with peripheral nervous system involvement. A 48-year-old woman presented with demyelinating polyneuropathy. She previously suffered from myelitis and optic neuritis and had diagnosed with MOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). Polyneuropathies, combined central and inflammatory neuropathies may be associated with MOGAD and may be immunotherapy responsive. Further studies were needed to elucidate the utility of MOG antibody testing in polyneuropathy.

Abstract: Ten cadavers were studied to compare the accessibility of cervical vertebral canal with conventional standard ventral slot and modified slanted ventral slot. One group performed standard ventral slot procedures at the C3-4, C5-6. The other group performed modified slanted ventral slot with inverted cone technique procedures at the C3-4, C5-6 computed tomography was performed before and after surgery. The accessibility of cervical vertebral canal with conventional standard ventral slot and modified slanted ventral slot using computed tomography in C3-4 and C5-6 intervertebral space was compared. Although smaller ostectomy was performed in the modified slanted ventral slot, some lesions were more accessible but limitations were obvious in C3-4 and C5-6 intervertebral disk space. After the disc material has been identified through accurate preoperative diagnostic imaging, less morbidity and complications can be expected if the appropriate surgical method is selected based on the lesion of compression.

The diffuse large B-cell lymphoma category of the Revised European American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms (REAL) encompasses different morphologic lymphoma subtypes in a single entity, especially the diffuse large cell (DLC) and the immunoblastic (IBL) subtypes by Working Formulation (WF). The aim of this study is to determine the influence of the morphologic subdivision within this category with respect to clinical outcome and proliferative index using Ki-67 immunostainig combined with image analysis. We retrospectively reviewed 74 patients from 1990 to 1996, who were diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. All cases were reclassified according to REAL and Working Formulation (WF), and Ki-67 immunostaining was performed in all the cases. Fifty-eight cases (78.4%) were classified as DLC and 16 cases (21.6%) as IBL, according to WF. Twenty one cases (28.4%) showed nodal involvement and 53 cases (71.6%), extranodal involvement. All cases were found to display a variable degree of nuclear Ki-67 staining. A proliferative index of 50% or higher identified a group of patients (77%) who had poor clinical results. Overall survival was significantly reduced in these patients displaying high Ki-67 associated proliferative index compared to those with a low proliferative index (p=0.007). 5-year survival estimates were 93% in the low proliferative index group and 55% in the high proliferative index group. A multivariate regression analysis incorporating commonly used clinical prognostic factors confirmed the independent effect of proliferation index on survival. Moreover, all of the 16 IBL cases showed Ki-67 positivity of 50% or higher, which correlates with the poor clinical outcome compared to 70.7% of DLC (p=0.014). We conclude that subdivision of the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma category of the REAL classification is necessary in terms of prognostic significance in correlation with Ki-67 proliferative index.
B-Lymphocytes* ; Classification ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell* ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Hemorrhoidectomy*

Some herbal medications induce acute kidney injury. The acute kidney injuries caused by herbal medications are mild and commonly treated by palliative care. A 51-years-old man who drank the juice squeezed from the raw tubers of Dioscorea quinqueloba (D. quinqueloba) was admitted with nausea, vomiting and chilling. He developed a seizure with decreased level of consciousness. He was diagnosed with acute kidney injury, which was cured by continuous venovenous hemodialfiltration. Non-detoxified D. quinqueloba can cause severe acute kidney injury with toxic encephalopathy. It is critical to inform possible adverse effects of the medicinal herbs and to implement more strict regulation of these products.
Acute Kidney Injury/*chemically induced/*complications ; Dioscorea/*adverse effects ; Disease Progression ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes/*complications

PURPOSE: Atopic dermatitis is affected by genetic and environmental factors. Bronchial asthma often develops in atopic dermatitis children. Allergen sensitization may affect the frequency of asthma in preschool atopic dermatitis children. So, we performed this study to know the relationship between allergen sensitization and the frequency of asthma in preschool atopic dermatitis children. METHODS: Three-hundred twelve of the children with atopic dermatitis in preschool aged children were divided into 3 groups; Allergens ; Asthma* ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Pyroglyphidae