This study was performed to observe the therapeutic effects of interferon-gamma(IFN-gamma) and gamma-globulin(gamma-globulin) in experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia of immune suppressed mice. After 9 weeks, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(TMP-SMZ; 10-50 mg/mouse/day), mouse IFN-gamma(5 x 10(4) units/mouse/day) and mouse gamma-globulin(20 mg/mouse/day) were administered to the mice for 3 weeks by the experimental group. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by body weights, histopathologic and electron microscopic findings of the lungs, and number of P. carinii cysts by Gomori's methenamine silver stain. Body weights of the mice were significantly increased in the group of combination therapy of TMP-SMZ with IFN-gamma or gamma-globulin, and in the group of TMP-SMZ treatment (p < 0.05), however, little effect was found in the group of gamma-globulin alone. Histopathologic findings of P. carinii pneumonia were much improved in the group of combination therapy of TMP-SMZ with IFN-gamma. Treatment with either TMP-SMZ or IFN-gamma significantly reduced the number of cysts in the P. carinii pneumonia, but gamma-globulin alone was ineffective. In electron microscopic findings of P. carinii pneumonia, the number of trophozoites and cysts were reduced by treatment with either TMP-SMZ or IFN-gamma, and most of the cysts were empty or containing one or two intracystic bodies. The present results suggested, that combination therapy of TMP-SMZ with IFN-gamma had synergistic effects in treatment of P. carinii pneumonia in experimental mice.
Drug-Synergism ; Drug-Therapy,-Combination ; English-Abstract ; Gamma-Globulins-administration-and-dosage ; Interferon-Type-II-administration-and-dosage ; Mice- ; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole-Combination-administration-and-dosage ; *Gamma-Globulins-therapeutic-use ; *Interferon-Type-II-therapeutic-use ; *Pneumonia,-Pneumocystis-carinii-therapy ; Gamma-Globulins ; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole-Combination ; Interferon-Type-II

No abstract available.
Typhoid Fever*

Glycogen storage diseases(GSD) are inherited disorders affecting glycogen metabolism and type I GSD is due to the absence or deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase(G6Pase) enzyme in the liver, kidney, and intestinal mucosa. The defect leads to inadequate hepatic conversion of G6P to glucose and thus make affected individuals susceptible to fasting hypoglycemia, and the accumulation of glycogen occurs in the liver and other organs. Type Ia is the most common form of GSD and clinically growth retardation may manifest of GSD itself rather than growth hormone deficiency(GHD), but we experienced a case of type I GSD with GHD in a 14-year-o1d male. The height was 125 cm, compatible with 50 th percentile of height of 8 years of age. He has doll-like face with fat cheek, relatively thin extremities, and metabolic acidosis, hyperuricemia, hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia. GH stimulation test with clonidine and L-dopa revealed that the patient had decreased GH secretion. After laboratory work up including liver biopsy, he was diagnosed as type I GSD. Hypoglycemia was managed with frequent feeding with high starch diet(uncooked cornstarch). Metabolic acidosis and hyperuricemia were treated with sodium bicarbonate, allopurinol and probenecid. The patient is being followed at out-patient clinic with clinical improvement after of diet therapy and GH administration.
Acidosis ; Allopurinol ; Biopsy ; Cheek ; Clonidine ; Diet Therapy ; Extremities ; Glucose ; Glycogen Storage Disease* ; Glycogen* ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hyperuricemia ; Hypoglycemia ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Kidney ; Levodopa ; Liver ; Male ; Metabolism ; Outpatients ; Probenecid ; Sodium Bicarbonate ; Starch

No abstract available.
Carcinogens* ; Colon* ; Colonic Neoplasms* ; Humans*

No abstract available.
Oncogenes* ; Rectal Neoplasms*

Average anteversion of the femur is 15.3 degree. Ultrasound, computerized tomogram, and three dimensional reconstruction from CT or MRI have been used for more accurate measurement of the anteversion. There are two methods in measuing anteversion angle from CT scan:one is by drawing a mid line through long axis of the femoral neck (conventional method). Another is by drawing a line from the center of the head to that of the neck at the base of the trochanter using several cut slices (Murphy’s method). We compared these methods with fluoroscopic measurement of the Anteversion. We traced the change of the anteversion before and after closed femoral intramedullary (IMO) nailing to evaluate the origin of malrotation of the femur. 1. Normal anteversion angles were measured in 15 cases. Average anteversion angle was 6.9 degrees by conventional method, 12.3 degrees by Murphy’s method, and 12.2 degrees by fluoroscope. 2. Anteversion angles were measured after IM nailing in 18 cases. Average was 17 degrees by Murphy’s method and 15.2 degrees by fluoroscope. Mean of difference between these two methods sea 6.3 degrees. That was 1.7 degrees in normal side. 3. Change of the anteversion angle between before and after IM nailing was measured in 17 cases by fluoroscope. Average anteversion angle before the operation was 11.9 degrees and it was change to 15.8 degrees after operation. Mean of these change was 7.1 degrees. 4. Pereperative traction provides important information on change of anteversion. Reduction excessive flexion of proximal fragment was a origin of change of anteversion during nailing procedure. Conclusion : Malrotation of the femur after IM nailing must be keep in mind and it may be preventable by fluoroscopic control of the rotation in nailing procedure.
Femur ; Femur Neck ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Head ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Methods ; Neck ; Traction ; Ultrasonography

Omentum has the characteristic that it readily develops vascular anastomosis with adjacent tissues. It is suitable for eliminating a dead space regardless of the size, shape or site in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis by use of technique of microvascular anastomoses. We report a case of chronic osteomyelitis treated by transplantation of autogenous omentum with microvascular anastomsis.
Omentum ; Osteomyelitis

Hypercalcemia is a common complication in CAPD patients treated with calcium-containing phosphate binders and using the standard dialysate (SCD) calcium concentration of 3.5mEq/L. We performed a retrospective study in 25 CAPD patients to determine whether a low calcium dialysate (LCD) containing 2.5mEq/L calcium would reduce the incidence of hypercalemia with adequate control of serum inorganic phosphate levels and diminish the need to use aluminum-containing phosphate binders. All patients had previously used SCD before converting to LCD. The incidence of hypercalcemia (more than 2 episodes of corrected serum calcium > or = 10.5mg/dL) tended to be lower after converting to LCDl 0.27 (0-2.76) vs. 0 (0-1.97) episodes/patient-yearl. Intact PTH level increased from 38.8 (0.1-1599.3)pg/mL to 70.6 (9.5-1540.0)pg/mL after conversion, but there was no statistical sifnificance. Serum calcium, inorganic phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and bicarbonate levels did not change after converting to LCD. We were able to reduce aluminum hydroxide dosagel 1.09 (0-10.88) vs. 0 (0-3.26)g/day/patientl and increase calcium carbonate dosage (1.95 0.92 vs. 2.98 2.14g/day/ patient) after conversion significantly (P<0.05). The frequency of peritonitis was similar in LCD and SCD period. In conclusion, low calcium dialysate is useful in diminishing aluminum-containing phosphate binder dosage and increasing calcium carbonate dosage to maintain a similar phosphate value. Its effects on renal osteodystrophy remain to be assessed.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Aluminum Hydroxide ; Calcium Carbonate ; Calcium* ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; Incidence ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Peritonitis ; Renal Osteodystrophy ; Retrospective Studies

Extra-adrenal abdominal paragangliomas are rare. Most arise from the organs of Zuckerkandl, involve large concentrations of paraganglionic tissue, and are located in the para-aortic space along the sympathetic chain. Published reports have, however, described normal paraganglionic tissue at the root of the mesentery which serves as the superior limit of the organs of Zuckerkandl, and mesenteric paraganglioma is very rare. We report a case of paraganglioma with cystic degeneration arising from the mesentery.
Mesentery ; Para-Aortic Bodies ; Paraganglioma*

No abstract available.
Hemorrhoidectomy* ; Hemorrhoids* ; Ligation* ; Rubber*