At present stage,the needs of practice personnel of medical law include‘professional personnel’ (master's degree)and ‘general personnel’(bachelor's degree),but the existing training system did not make any distinction between the two and triggered the following situations:practical teaching mode convergence,content inanition,lack of resources,etc. From the real needs of the com-munity,practice teaching in master stage should focus on vocational practical trainingcourse including mock trial,common medical law disputes,professional documents writing. Practice teaching in un-dergraduate stageshould focus on the primary practical trainingcourse including court records and medical dispute mediation.

Objective:To investigate job burnout status of doctor and nurse in China. Methods: 218 doctors and nurses were assessed by MBI-HSS. Results: 42.1% subjects got high or moderated scores on Emotional Exhaustion, 22.7% subjects got high or moderate scores on Depersonalization and 48.6% subjects got low or moderate scores on personal accomplishment. Female subjects got higher scores on Emotional Exhaustion than male subjects Compared with.subjects with higher level education, subjects with lower level education got higher scores on Emotional Exhaustion, however, lower scores on Personal Accomplishment.Conclusion:Some subjects are found to experiences job burnout. To prevent or cure job burnout, more attention should be paid to female and persons with lower level education.

Objective To construct a multivalent DNA vaccine.\ Methods\ The multivalent DNA vaccine candidates pBK Sj26 Sj23,pBK Sj32 Sj23 were constructed based on the plasmids pBluescript Sj26,pBluescript Sj32 and pBluescript Sj23 with three pairs of specific primers using DNA recombinant technique. In the primers, a synthetic linker sequence encoding a peptide was designed,and the antigen genes Sj26 and Sj23,Sj32 and Sj23 were then ligated. After identification, the quadriceps muscle of mice were immunized with the multivalent antigen genes. Four weeks after immunization, the multivalent antigen genes were present in the muscular tissue of mice by PCR.\ Results\ The eukaryotic plasmids including multivalent antigens of S.japonicum were constructed successfully, and the plasmids including multivalent antigen gene could be stably existing in the muscle tissue of mice and the multivalent antigens could be expressed in the muscle tissue cells of mice.\ Conclusion\ A multivalent S.japonicum DNA vaccine has been established.

Objective:To explore the relationship between work-family conflict and job burnout of doctors and nurses.Method:218 doctors and nurses were assessed by Work-Family Conflict Scale and Maslach Burnout Inventory.Result:Hierarchical regression indicated that the work-family conflict was a powerful predictor of job burnout beyond demographic variables, 37% variance of Emotional Exhaustion was explained by work-family conflict, 18% variance of Depersonalization and 12% variance of Personal Accomplishment were also explained by work family conflict. Conclusions:The work-family conflict is an important, may be the most influencing factor on job burnout in medical staffs.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the development of managerial psychology so as to solve culture, managerial system and peculiar problems at the transitional phase.DATA SOURCES: By using CNKI and PSYCINFO database, we searched literature on organization and managerial psychology in the past 20 years. We also collected the authors' research papers related to this area in the recent years.DATA SELECTION: We selected 24 research articles on organizational reforms, leadership behavior, motivation mechanism and organizational culture.DATA EXTRACTION: Seventeen out of the 24 articles were excluded because they overlapped with each other in content to some extent. Therefore,this article reviewed the other 7.DATA SYNTHESIS: On the basis of comprehensive analysis of development of managerial psychology at home and abroad, this article predicts the newly emerging hot issues and trend of research on managerial psychology, and further puts forward the short-term and long-term development goals of managerial psychology research.CONCLUSION: Paying attention to research on organization-level changes,accentuating on the systematic exploitation of human resources, continuously expanding research field and giving more concern for the national goals are the development trend of managerial psychology.

Objective To explore the role of Orexin in pathogenesisepilepsy and treatment of epilepsy based on the literatures published from 1998 to 2014 at home and abroad.Methods Searched the literatures from the online database including Pubmed,CNKI and Wanfang Datebases in July 2014.The words Orexin,epilepsy,Orexin receptor,epilepsy treatment were used as search terms.Analyze the effect Orexin and its receptors in the occurrence,development and treatment of epilepsy.Results 102 related literatures were retrieved and 30 were adopted into analysis.It was showed Orexin is a kind of excitatory neuropeptides and it can increase the excitability of cerebral cortex.Epilepsy can be induced bv excessive expression of Orexin.Conclusion Excessive expression of Orexin can cause epileptic seizure.Inhibiting the excessive activation of Orexin neurons is of important to control seiznres in clinical practices.

Introduction to the efforts made in Shanghai's clinical residency training.With joint efforts of both clinical training bases and community training bases, this approach integrates the instructional resources of medical schools, and hands-on training at community bases, in order to ease shortage of general practitioners, backup talents, and that of teachers.These efforts can effectively elevate competency of general practitioners.

Objective:To investigate the effects of pregnancy and lactation nonylphenol (NP) exposure on the balance of Treg/Th17 cells in the brain of offspring mice and the related mechanisms.Methods:Thirty pregnant C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: control group (drinking distilled water), and NP-treated groups (drinking 0.2 μg/ml or 2.0 μg/ml NP water solution). ELISA kit was used to analyze the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17, flow cytometry was used to analyze the frequency of Treg and Th17 cells in spleen, quantitative RT-PCR was used to analyze the RORγt, Foxp3 mRNA, Western blot was used to analyze the protein expression of RORγt, Foxp3 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway, and immunofluorescence was used to analyze the expression of Iba1 in the brain tissue of offspring mice.Results:Compared with the control group, NP exposure increased the serum levels of IL-17 and TNF-α in male offspring mice ( P<0.05), and decreased the levels of IFN-γ( P<0.05). Flow cytometry analysis showed that the percentage of Th17 cells in the spleen of male offspring mice exposed to NP (0.2 μg/ml or 2.0 μg/ml) was significantly higher than that of the control group, while the percentage of Tregs cells was lower. Compared with the control group, the expression levels of Foxp3 proteins in the brain tissue of male offspring mice exposed to NP (0.2 μg/ml or 2.0 μg/ml) was significantly lower, accompanied by a dramatic increase in RORγt protein levels ( P<0.05). Similar mRNA expression was also observed in qRT-PCR analysis. The protein expression levels of mTOR (p-mTOR) and its upstream related regulators[PI3K, p-Akt (Ser473), p-Akt (Thr308)] in the brain of male offspring mice increased gradually during the period of exposure to NP( P<0.05). Immunofluorescence analysis showed that compared with the control group, the number of Iba1 positive cells in brain tissue of male offspring mice exposed to NP (0.2 μg/ml or 2.0 μg/ml) increased significantly ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Maternal exposure to NP during pregnancy and lactation may affect the development/function of neurons in offspring through neuroimmune axis, and increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring.

Objective To investigate the effects of proprioceptive training on lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Methods 50 patients with LDH were divided into experimental group (n=25) and control group (n=25). Both groups received physiotherapy and core stability exercise, and the experimental group received proprioceptive training with BIODEX Balanced System in addition. They were assessed with the Visual Analogous Scale (VAS) of pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and posture stability and limits of stability of BIODEX Balanced System. The incidence of relapse was followed up in a year. Results The scores of VAS, ODI, posture stability and limits of stability improved in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), and the ODI, posture stability and limits of stability improved more in the experimental group than in the control group (P<0.05). There were 5 cases relapsed in the control group, and 2 cases in the experimental group. Conclusion The proprioceptive training may further improve the function of lower back, and motor control in patients with LDH, and prevent the relapse.

A high-product superoxide dismutase(SOD)bacterial strain was first obtained from the soil around the warm spring of Changbai Mountain,which is alkaline-resistant.The nature analysis by the inhibition of H2O2 and chloroform-ethanol indicated that the SOD was Mn-SOD.It belongs to bacillus genus by the modal character,physiological and biochemical character.The phylogenetic analyses based on 16SrDNA sequence indicated that the strain 110-2 was closed to Bacillus sp.MO6 with 100% identity and 99% with Bacillus licheniformis.According to the sodA sequence of Bacillus licheniformis and conservative regions of many kinds of bacillus,which were published in GenBank,two pairs of primers were designed and the complete sequence of Mn-SOD(600bp)and the core fragment(430bp)were amplified by PCR techniques.The recombinant plasmid pMD18-SOD was built successfully.