Objective:To evaluate the safety of Yangzhengxiaoji capsules for the treatment of cancer and precancerosis. Methods:Clinical trials and studies were collected by searching Chinese and English databases, including CNKI, WANFANG database, VIP information database, Pubmed, ScinenceDirect Online, and MEDLINE@EBSCO. The clinical data of Yangzhengxiaoji capsule for the treatment of cancer and pre-cancerosis were included. The quality of the included studies was then evaluated. Related data were extracted with reference to Cochrane Handbook 5.0. Afterward, meta-analysis was conducted using Revman 5.0 software. Results:A total of 19 studies focusing on 2 125 patients receiving Yangzhengxiaoji capsules were included and investigated in this meta-analysis. Results showed that the adverse reaction rates of myelosuppression, WBC and platelet decrease, gastrointestinal reaction, nausea/vomiting, and hepatotoxicity were sig-nificantly lower in the trial groups with Yangzhengxiaoji capsule-assisted chemotherapy/radiotherapy than in the control groups with chemotherapy/radiotherapy only (P<0.05). The adverse reaction rates of nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and neurotoxicity were not statistically different between the trial groups and the control groups (P>0.05). Conclusion:Yangzhengxiaoji capsule could be safely administered to treat cancer and precancerosis.

Objective To analyze the mechanism of fentanyl combines midazolam,by comparison with some of the commonly used anesthetic method to determine in the ethical advantages of anesthesia.Methods 45 rats were randomly divided into three groups,Group A:1％ anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital 40 mg/kg; Group B:5 ％ ketamine 120 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection; Group C:midazolam 5 mg/kg + fentanyl 0.05 mg/kg Last intravenous anesthesia.Observe the effects of anesthesia.Results The rats which are used of fentanyl conbines midazolam anesthesia,the onset of anesthesia time:0.02 ± 0.03 min,maintenance of anesthesia time:89.73 ± 22.59 min,the the narcotic operation time:1.51 ± 0.30 min,the success of anesthesia cases:15 cases.Conclusions Fentanyl combines midazolam compared with the currently used method of anesthesia,the advantages of the more prominent,it has significant improvement and protection about the security,utilization and recovery ethics in experimental rats.

Clinical trial is the most direct and the most effective way to test the performance of medical equipments.The Belmont Report is the statement of the basic moral principles and guidelines,used to help solve the moral problems produced in scientific researches involving human subjects.This apaper examines the ethical issues in clinical trials for medical equipments from the perspective of the Belmont report.It first introduces the background and basic concepts of Belmont report,background concept and the concept and the basic process of medical equipment clinical trials.Then the three principles of the Belmont Report is presented and how to apply the Report to solve ethical problems arising in medical equipment trials.Application of informed consent risk and benefits assessment,and selection of subjects participants and the distribution of research results to address the ethical issues arising in clinical trials.

Conventional laparoscopic surgery requires definite leaming curve, and must be converted to an open procedure in the event of a large vessel injury. The usage of carbon dioxide gas for securing operative field is generally accepted, but such field rapidly disappears when air pressure decreases. To overcome these shortcomings without sacrificing advantages of excellent cosmetic results and reduced wound pain of laparoscopy without using the gas insufflation, various urologic operations utilizing incisions 2 to 5 cm long were made without cutting abdominal musculature with the help of specially designed retractors and video systems used in conventional laparoscopic surgery. It can be performed in familiar anatomical settings and all the surgical skills of open procedures can be utilized. We have performed 3 living donor nephrectomies, 6 simple nephrectomies, 2 partial nephrectomies, 9 pyeloplasties, 16 ureterolithotomies, 1 ureteroureterostomy, and 2 renal cyst marsupializations. Mean operative time and hospital stay were 185 minutes and 7 days for living donor nephrectomies, 150 minutes and 6.7 days for simple nephrectomies, 255 minutes and 7.5 days for partial nephrectomies, 130 minutes and 4.8 days for pyeloplasties, 85 minutes and 4.1 days for ureterolithotomies, 90 minutes and 5 days for ureteroureterostomy, and 75 minutes and 5.5 days for renal cyst marsupializations, respectively. Immediate wound pain was severe probably due to intense traction of abdominal musculature, but the recovery of such pain was remarkably rapid. No postoperative wound paresthesia was seen and early discharge was possible. In conclusion, the gasless retroperitoneoscopically assisted surgery can take advantage of both conventional open and laparoscopic surgery, and it can be a valid option to conventional open surgery for any surgical procedures in retroperitoneum, including kidney, ureter, and bladder.
Air Pressure ; Carbon Dioxide ; Humans ; Insufflation ; Kidney ; Laparoscopy ; Length of Stay ; Living Donors ; Nephrectomy ; Operative Time ; Paresthesia ; Traction ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Wounds and Injuries

It is now well known that vascular diseases, including hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerotic vascular disease, and diabetes mellitus are major causes for erectile dysfunction(ED). Despite the introduction of oral phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors in the treatment of ED, new therapeutic strategies are warranted. Current therapies have two shortcomings. First, every currently approved non-surgical treatment option for ED requires planning prior to intercourse. Second, there is a need for increased treatment efficacy for patients with moderate to severe ED. Gene therapy may well address both of these areas, as the ultimate goal of the therapy is the restoration of physiologic erections following normal endogenous signals, in the absence of the any other form of therapy. The penis is a convenient organ for local gene therapy because of its external location, ubiquity of endothelial-lined spaces, slow circulation in the flaccid state, and gap junctions between smooth muscles, which ensure wide distribution of injected genes inside the penis. Many gene therapy approaches have focused on the NO/cGMP pathway, angiogenic factors, neurotrophic factors, potassium channels, the RhoA/Rho-kinase system, etc. Various viral and nonviral vectors as well as genetically engineered cells have been used as gene delivery vehicles for the transfer of genetic material to the target cell or tissues. In contrast to its use in cancer, the application of gene therapy for a non-life threatening disease, such as ED, requires a higher safety level and more knowledge of secure and efficacious vectors for gene transfer. The preclinical data from recent studies in several ED models are quite impressive and encouraging. Gene therapy interventions to restore erectile function may represent an exciting new therapeutic strategy for the future treatment of ED.
Angiogenesis Inducing Agents ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5 ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Erectile Dysfunction* ; Gap Junctions ; Genetic Therapy* ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth ; Nerve Growth Factors ; Penis ; Potassium Channels ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular Diseases

Peyronie's disease(PD) is an inflammatory condition characterized by the formation of fibrous, noncompliant nodules in the tunica albuginea leading to penile deformity and bending. Repetitive microtrauma of the penis during sexual intercourse is thought to incite a local autoimmune reaction in genetically susceptible individuals. The fibrotic plaques are most likely produced by tunical fibroblasts in response to cytokine stimulation, such as by transforming growth factor-beta1. In the acute inflammatory phase, pain during erection and penile deviation are the main symptom. In later stages, PD is often associated with erectile dysfunction(ED), distal flaccidity, or both. The causes of ED include psychological factors (performance anxiety), penile pain and deformity, flail penis, and vascular disease. Conservative treatment is useful during the early inflammatory stage. Despite myriad proposed medical therapies, including numerous oral agents and local injection regimens, there have been limited advances. Surgery is typically reserved for patients who fail to respond to conservative treatment and have had no disease progression for at least several months. Penile lengthening procedures with different grafting materials have, to a great extent, replaced conventional procedures with penile plication or its modifications. Prosthesis insertion is reserved for patients with severe ED that does not respond to medical management. As the molecular mechanism of inflammation and wound healing is elucidated, new approaches for medical intervention, such as modification of fibroblast function, growth factor activity, and cytokine action, will no doubt be available for therapy of PD.
Coitus ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Disease Progression ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Penile Induration* ; Penis ; Prostheses and Implants ; Psychology ; Transplants ; Vascular Diseases ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of sophoridine against bone cancer pain in bone cancer pain model rats induced by W256 tumor cells and its mechanism.

METHODThe rat model of bone cancer pain was reproduced by injecting W256 tumor cells into the rat marrow cavity. Ten days after the model establishment, 36 rats were selected and randomly divided into the model control group and the sophoridine treated group. At the same time, other 10 rats with sham-operation were selected to be the normal control group. Since the 15th day after the operation, rats in the treated group had been given sophoridine (25 mg x kg(-1)) for 10 days. The mechanical withdrawal threshold and the thermal withdrawal latency of each group were measured before and after the treatment. After the last treatment, the radiological and histopathological observation shall be conducted for sick legs of all rats. The expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tumor tissues were detected by mmunohistochemistry.

RESULTSophoridine could significantly increase the mechanical withdrawal threshold and the thermal withdrawal latency (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), significantly relief the bone injury caused by W256 tumor cells (P < 0.05), and notably down-regulate the COX-2 and VEGF expressions in tumor tissues (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSophoridine has the effect in relieving pain and inhibiting tumor progression in bone cancer pain rats induced by W256 tumor cells. Its mechanism may be related to the down-regulated expressions of COX-2 and VEGF.

Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Bone Neoplasms ; complications ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Hyperalgesia ; complications ; drug therapy ; Pain ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Quinolizines ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in China. Unfortunately, most of HCC patients were diagnosed at the intermediate or advanced stage, losing the chance to receive the surgical intervention. Locoregional interventional treatment is one of the major therapeutic options for inoperable HCC treatment and prolongs the survival of the patients. Evaluation of the efficacy of the treatment is the important to determine the further therapy strategies. Currently, the evaluation of patients’ response is mainly based on CT and MR anatomic morphological images, but characteristics of tumor biology changes can be observed earlier than the morphological changes. In the recent years, with the development of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), its value in clinical application has been continuously explored, and it has been increasingly used for quantitative evaluation the diffusion of water molecular and microcirculation perfusion of blood flow in tumor tissue, with some progress in evaluating the tumor response. This paper mainly reviewed the recent research findings of DWI on locoregional interventional treatment for HCC, thereby providing guidance on clinical practice.

Objective To explore the effect of total flavonoids of astragalus (TFA) on the apoptosis of endothelial cells induced by serum of uremia patient .Methods The serum of 22 healthy volunteers and 25 uremia patients receiving regularly hemodialysis were enrolled in the study .HUVECs were used as research objects ,which were divided into control group(adding serum of healthy people when cell synchronized) and uremia group (adding serum of uremia patient when cell synchronized ) .Low dose ,moderate dose and high dose group were prepared by adding 0 .5 ,1 .0 ,2 .0 mg/mL TFA respectively 6 h before cell synchronization .After 24 hours′culture since the serum were added ,the morphological change of endothelial cells were observed by microscopy ,proliferation activities were tested by using MTT ,SOD activities were tested by using xanthine oxidase method ,NO levels were measured by u-sing nitrate reductase colorimetric method ,DNA damage was detected by using comet assay ,the morphological change of apoptosis was observed by using TUNEL method .Results Compared with the control group ,the proliferation activity ,SOD activity ,NO lev-els were lower in uremia group(P< 0 .01) ,DNA tailing rate ,apoptosis index(AI) significantly increased (P<0 .01) .Compared with cells of uremia group ,cell proliferation activity of all the TFA intervention groups increased (P<0 .05) ,NO levels also in-creased (P<0 .01) .Compared with uremia group ,moderate and high dose group′s SOD activity increased (P<0 .05) ,DNA damage tailing rate decreased (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Total flavonoids of astragalus reduces apoptosis of HUVECs induced by serum of uremia patient ,the possible mechanism is associated with the decrease of oxidative stress .

Background Corneal biomechanical properties is important in the safety assessment of corneal refractive surgery.Corvis is a new device for measuring corneal biomechanics properties.Objective This study was to observe the correlation among corneal thickness, Corvis intraocular pressure and corneal biomechanical properties with Corvis.Methods A prospective observational study was performed.One hundred and fifty eyes of 75 patients with corneal thickness from 501 μm to 590 μm were divided into three groups according to the corneal thickness:low corneal thickness group (corneal thickness range from 501 μm to 530 μm), middle corneal thickness group (corneal thickness range from 531 μm to 560 μm) ,and high corneal thickness group (corneal thickness range from 561 μm to 590 μm);and 50 eyes of 25 patients for each group.The difference of intraocular pressure, corneal thickness and deformation amplitude (DA) among the three groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and the correlation among the groups were analyzed by liner regression.Results The DA in the low corneal thickness group and middle corneal thickness group were significantly higher than that in the high corneal thickness group (P ＜ 0.05).The intraocular pressure was statistically different among the 3 groups (F =9.98, P＜0.05).DA was negatively correlated with intraocular pressure and corneal thickness (r=-0.84,-0.33;both at P＜0.01), with the linear regression DA =1.69-0.04×IOP (F=366.19, t=-19.14,P＜0.01).Conclusions Corneal thickness cannot simply represent the corneal biomechanical properties in the safety assessment of corneal refractive surgery,IOP should be considered.