Objective To get comprehensive and quantitative evaluation of the impact of ambient air pollution on human health. Methods The approach recommended in this paper is a quantitative estimate on the health impact from exposure to air pollutants based on the internationally accepted quantitative risk assessment framework and the per unit increase in mortality or morbidity due to per unit increase of air pollutants levels. Results A schematic diagram of health-based risk assessment on air pollutants is presented. Calculation for excess deaths and excess disease cases is also provided. Conclusion This approach could be used for comparing the health effects associated with exposure to air pollutants of various Chinese cities in different time periods and is also useful in the priority setting of air pollution intervention and improvement measures and health-based cost benefit analysis.

Objective To explore the main inhalational and alimentary allergens which triggers allergic asthma in children in Suzhou area.Methods The serum specific aspiration allergens were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in 119 children with bronchial asthma,including 7 kinds of common inhalational allergens.The 6 kinds of alimentary allergens test was conducted in 65 children.Results The total inhalational allergens positive rate of the subject was 75.63%(90/119).The highest rate was dust mite 49.58%(59/119),then was house dust 21.02%(25/119),animal hair 19.33%(23/119).The positive rate of aspiration allergens increased with the patient′s age and showed a positive correlation.Positive rate of food allergens was 49.23%(32/65).Of them,the highest rate was fish 20.0%(13 cases),then was lobster and claw 16.92%(11 cases),egg 12.31%(8 cases).Conclusions Inhalational allergens are the main allergens in children with asthma in Suzhou district.The positive rate of aspiration allergens increases with the patient′s age.The most common allergen is dust mite.The allergen test plays a clinically significant and advisable role in treatment and prognosis in bronchial asthma in children.

Objective To set up a scientific, rational and viable system of assessment indexes so as to provide basis for the departments in charge to guide the development and decision-making of clinical medical centers. Methods A system of performance assessment indexes was set up. whereby the performance of 33 clinical medical centers funded by the Public Health Bureau of Shanghai was assessed Results The centers displayed enhanced disciplinary strength, optimized personnel structure, raised innovation capabilities, and improved medical level and quality. Conclusion Government funding significantly guarantees and promotes the development of the clinical medical centers.

Objective To study the expression and regulation of aquapofins (AQP) in cystic epithelial cells of jck mice with polycystic kidney disease. Methods Localization and regulation of AQP1, AQP2, AQP3 and AQP4 protein were analyzed by using the immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Results Kidneys of jck homozygous mice were 4 folds larger than those of litter matched wild-type mice. There were multiple cysts and fibrosis in the renal tissue of jck mice. The epithelial cells in cysts were flat in shape. Blood urea level in jck mice was (42.6 ± 6.7) mmol/L, which was 5 folds higher than that in wild-type mice [(8.4±1.9) mmol/L] (P<0.01). Immunofluorescence analysis showed that AQP1 was expressed in the apical and hasolatend membranes of epithelial cells in proximal tubules, as well as in the thin descending limb of Henle and endothelial cells of descending vasa recta. There was no AQP1 expression in epithelial cells of cysts. AQP2 was expressed in the apical membranes of collecting ducts and renal cysts. AQP3 and AQP4 were expressed in basolateral membranes of collecting duct and renal cystic epithelial cells of jck mice. Western blot analysis showed the same protein sizes of AQP1, AQP2, AQP3 and AQP4 in both jck and wild-type kidneys. However, AQP1 expression was down-regulated in jck kidneys (P<0.01). Conclusion The renal cystic epithelia expresses AQP2, AQP3 and AQP4, which indicates that epithelial cells in renal cysts are derived from renal collecting ducts in jck mice and aquaporins may play an important role in renal cyst development.

AIMTo investigate the effect of morp hine on purine nucleotides catabolism and its possible mechanisms. METHO DSRats were administered with morphine by intraperitoneal injection with increasing dose to develop ad diction model. The determination of uric acid concentration in plasma and the ac tivities of xanthine oxidase (XO) in the plasma and the small intestine were per formed. RT-PCR was used to examine the expressing level of key enzyme of purine nucleotides catabolism,XO mRNA. ?-actin was used as control gene in RT-PCR s tudy. RESULTSThe concentration of uric acid in plasma was sign ificantly increased in morphine-pretreated rats compared with control(P

Background The development of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) is associated with many regulatory cytokines related to neovascularization;however,the retinal expression and regulated mechanism of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) remain uncertain.Objective This study was to investigate the expression of SDF-1 in retina of mouse model of OIR.Methods Forty 7-day-old C57BL/6J mice were divided into OIR group and control group.In OIR group,20 mice were exposed to 75% oxygen for 5 days and then to room air for 5 days.In control group,20 mice were raised in room air.The expression of SDF-1 in retina of mice was studied by immunochemistry and quantified by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results The positive immunohistochemical staining for SDF-1 was found mainly locating at the ganglion cell layer in 12-day-old mice of OIR group;the stronger positive immunohistochemical staining for SDF-1 was noted mainly locating at the ganglion cell layer,vascular endothelial cells of inner retina,neovascular endothelial cells in 17-day-old mice of OIR group;the delicate positive immunohistochemical staining for SDF-1 was both found mainly locating at the inner retina and being around the retinal vascular in 12-day-old mice of control group and 17-day-old mice of control group.The expression of SDF-1 mRNA in 17-day-old mice of OIR group was higher than that of 12-day-old mice of OIR group (t=8.072,P＜0.05)and 17-day-old mice of control group(t=10.026,P＜0.05),respectively.The expression of SDF-1 mRNA in 12-day-old mice of OIR group was lower than that of 12-day-old mice of control group (t=4.336,P＜0.05).Conclusion SDF-1 might improve the onset of retinal neovascularization of OIR.

Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage (UGIH) in severe dengue represents a clinical dilemma in term of management. The recommended treatment in dengue with UGIH involves blood product transfusion support and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) infusion. Despite being the mainstay of treatment in non-dengue UGIH, the role of endoscopic haemostatic intervention in severe dengue remains controversial. In the present report, we present a case of severe dengue complicated with upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage successfully underwent early therapeutic endoscopic intervention in a district hospital.
Dengue

Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in children has been poorly studied, and the literature is limited. We evaluated 146 children with severe TBI (coma score less than 8) in an attempt to establish the prognostic factors of severe TBI in children. Methods: The severity of TBI was assessed via modified Glasgow Coma Score for those more than 3 years old and via Children Coma Score for those under 3 years old. Clinical presentations, laboratory parameters and features of Computerised Tomography brain scans were analyzed. Outcomes were assessed at 6 months with the Pediatric Cerebral Performance Categories Scale; the outcomes were categorised as good or poor outcomes. Correlations with outcome were evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic models. Results: A low coma score upon admission was independently associated with poor outcome. The presence of diabetes insipidus within 3 days post-TBI (OR: 1.9), hyperglycaemia (OR: 1.2), prolonged PT ratio (OR: 2.3) and leukocytosis (OR: 1.1) were associated with poorer outcome. Conclusion: Knowledge of these prognostic factors helps neurosurgeons and neurocritical care specialists to manage and improve outcome in severe TBI in children.

Objective To explore the changes in angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ)produced by Langerhan islets of Syrian hamsters after blockage of renin-angiotensin system(RAS)by different inhibitors.Methods Islet cells from Syrian golden hamster were isolated and purified,and angiotensin Ⅰ was added.The experiment was then divided into six groups:control group(PBS was added),captopril group,chymostatin group,aprotinin group,?-antitrypsin group,and captopril+chymostatin group(according to inhibitors added).The content of AngⅡ in supernatant was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results Compared with control group,the AngⅡ content decreased by 42.50% and 50.94% in captopril group and chymostatin group,respectively(P

Objective To determine the effect of heroin on the gene expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) in rat C6 glioma cells,and investigate the molecular mechanism of heroin addiction.Methods The rat C6 glioma cells were treated with heroin with doses of 0-100 mg?L-1 for 24 h,MTT assay was used to detect the viability of cells,the gene expression level of PCNA was determined by RT-PCR.Results When the C6 cells were treated with heroin with doses of 10,20 and 100 mg?L-1,the cell viabilities were 90.62%,80.97%,and 62.73%,there were significant differences compared with control group(P