The nose has a three-dimensional structure located in the centre of the face, and plays an important role in the facial aesthetics. The anatomical structure of the nose, especially the three components-nasal cartilages, muscles, and ligaments are spatially connected, which interact with each other, affecting the size, position, shape, and function of the nasal tip. The author attempts to review the literature on the spatial arrangement and relationship between the nasal cartilage, muscle, and ligament from the anatomical and functional perspective, and summarize their effects on the position, shape, and function of the nasal tip. The purpose is to explore how to bionically adjust and transplant the spatial arrangement of the cartilage, ligament and other subunit structures of the nasal tip without affecting the inherent structure and function of the nose, and to seek the theoretical basis for the establishment of the nasal tip shaping technology in line with the anatomical and physiological functions.

The nose has a three-dimensional structure located in the centre of the face, and plays an important role in the facial aesthetics. The anatomical structure of the nose, especially the three components-nasal cartilages, muscles, and ligaments are spatially connected, which interact with each other, affecting the size, position, shape, and function of the nasal tip. The author attempts to review the literature on the spatial arrangement and relationship between the nasal cartilage, muscle, and ligament from the anatomical and functional perspective, and summarize their effects on the position, shape, and function of the nasal tip. The purpose is to explore how to bionically adjust and transplant the spatial arrangement of the cartilage, ligament and other subunit structures of the nasal tip without affecting the inherent structure and function of the nose, and to seek the theoretical basis for the establishment of the nasal tip shaping technology in line with the anatomical and physiological functions.

The nose has a three-dimensional structure located in the centre of the face, and plays an important role in the facial aesthetics. The anatomical structure of the nose, especially the three components-nasal cartilages, muscles, and ligaments are spatially connected, which interact with each other, affecting the size, position, shape, and function of the nasal tip. The author attempts to review the literature on the spatial arrangement and relationship between the nasal cartilage, muscle, and ligament from the anatomical and functional perspective, and summarize their effects on the position, shape, and function of the nasal tip. The purpose is to explore how to bionically adjust and transplant the spatial arrangement of the cartilage, ligament and other subunit structures of the nasal tip without affecting the inherent structure and function of the nose, and to seek the theoretical basis for the establishment of the nasal tip shaping technology in line with the anatomical and physiological functions.

The nose has a three-dimensional structure located in the centre of the face, and plays an important role in the facial aesthetics. The anatomical structure of the nose, especially the three components-nasal cartilages, muscles, and ligaments are spatially connected, which interact with each other, affecting the size, position, shape, and function of the nasal tip. The author attempts to review the literature on the spatial arrangement and relationship between the nasal cartilage, muscle, and ligament from the anatomical and functional perspective, and summarize their effects on the position, shape, and function of the nasal tip. The purpose is to explore how to bionically adjust and transplant the spatial arrangement of the cartilage, ligament and other subunit structures of the nasal tip without affecting the inherent structure and function of the nose, and to seek the theoretical basis for the establishment of the nasal tip shaping technology in line with the anatomical and physiological functions.

Objective The kinetic house tree person test has many advantages compare to traditional psychometrics,but also some limits such as scoring subjectively and ambiguous.This research attempted to develop a reliable scoring system.That can distinguish college students with emotional disorder from normal college students by employing kinetic house tree person (KHTP) drawings.Methods 143 College students were invited to partake in the research KHTP drawings,the Beck Depression Inventory Ⅱ (BDI-Ⅱ),the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were administered to the subjects.Undergraduates with a BDI score of ≥ 14 or a BAI score of ≥8 were classified as the clinical group,while those with a BDI-Ⅱ and a BAI score are minimal were classified as the controis.The researcher and an expert studied and analyzed the KHTP drawings Manual,filtrate 35 indicators correlate to emotional disorder,and then researcher make standard for evaluation of every indicator.The standard for evaluation were then revised by the researcher and another rater then finalized by the expert.Results The results showed that 35 indicators correlate to emotional disorder were found,and there were significant differences in facial expressions (x2 =19.109,P＜0.01) and actions (x2 =13.341,P＜ 0.01) between clinical group and normal group.The Pearson coefficient of concordance showed that the inter-rater reliability and inner-rater reliability was consistent(r=0.932,r=0.913,P＜0.01).The t-test was employed to verify the discriminant validity between the clinical and control groups.The result showed that a significant discriminant validity was found with the scoring system developed in this research(t=14.890,P＜0.01).Conclusion The scoring system developed from this study has good inter-rater reliability,inner-rater reliability and discriminant validity.

Langerhans-cell histiocytosis (LCH), the most common histiocytic disorder, is a reactive clonal proliferation and accumulation of CD1a+ / CD207+ dendritic cells in inflammatory lesion, characterized by its strong heterogeneity and changeable complexity including apparent inflammation and tumor features, which should be redefined as an inflammatory myeloid neoplasia. Recent research has shown that LCH is the consequence of misguided myeloid differentiation on account of genomic aberrances in the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway. These gene inhibitors may present more curative effects for the treatment of LCH. With further prospective clinical trial, molecular targeted therapy may combine with or even replace the traditional surgery plus chemotherapy as the first-line regimen in LCH.

Older people generally had low health literacy, age related cognition decline and some even progress into dementia, burden on society was aggravating. Cognition decline of the elderly could lead to the decrease of health literacy. Meanwhile, higher level of health literacy was a protective factor against cognition decline in the elderly. This paper aimed to explore the relationship between health literacy and cognitive function in the elderly population without dementia, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the health literacy and cognitive function of the elderly.

Objective To evaluate the safety,feasibility,and clinical outcome of anterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical discectomy (PECD).Methods The study involved 28 patients undergone PECD.Visual analogue scale (VAS) and MacNab scale were recorded before operation and at 3 days,1,3,6,12 and 18 months after operation.In addition,MRI examination was conducted at postoperative l month,3 months and 12 months.After data collection,single-factor T test with SAS software was performed.Results Follow-up (range,18-24 months,mean 19 months) was achieved in 25 patients.When compared to the preoperative score,VAS and MacNab scale presented improvement at postoperative 3 days (P ＞ 0.05) and great improvement at postoperative 1,3,6,12,18 and 24 months (P ＜ 0.01).VAS and MacNab scale at postoperative 3 days presented statistical differences as compared to those at postoperative 3,6,12 and 18 months (P ＜0.05),but the differences were not statistically insignificant at postoperative 3,6,12,and 18 months (P ＞ 0.05).Moreover,VAS and MacNab scale showed significant improvement at postoperative 24 months as compared to those before operation (P ＜0.01) and those at postoperative day 3 (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Anterior PECD is effective in treatment of cervical soft or partial hard disc herniation.

Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Newest Vital Sign(NVS). Methods The NVS was translated and back-translated. Cultural adaption of scale was performed by Delphi expert consultation and pilot study. The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the NVS was tested in 451 Chinese residents. Results Chinese version of the NVS consisted of 6 items with Pearson correlation between item and total score of scale ranging from 0.50 to 0.71. Two factors were abstracted by exploratory factor analysis and explained 61.51% of total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the fitness of the model was acceptable:comparative fit index was 0.96, Tuker-Lewis index was 0.92, standardized root mean square residual was 0.04, root mean square error of approximation was 0.077. Cronbach α coefficient was 0.71, retest reliability was 0.92. Conclusions Chinese version of the NVS has good reliability and validity, which can be used to test the health literacy of residents in China.

Objective To explore the feasibility of establishing porcine model for training of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided celiac plexus paracentesis.Methods A total of 6 healthy pigs were sedated with an intramuscular injection of Ketamin at 10 mg/kg,followed by intravenous injection of 3% pentobarbital at 0.8 ml/kg.EUS was then performed and empty seeds were implanted into celiac plexus.Enhanced CT scan was performed to confirm the location of the implanted seeds.Results No animal died after the procedure.All seeds were accurately distributed on both sides of the celiac trunk except in one pig the seed was found in stomach by CT scan and was re-implanted another day.Conclusion Pigs are similar to human in anatomic structure and they can be excellent models for beginner endoscopy physicians to acquire the skill of EUS guided celiac plexus paracentesis.