OBJECTIVE: To investigate the current situation of domestic and overseas medication therapy management (MTM) and the value of pharmacists in this service, to provide new ideas for the development of pharmaceutical care in China.METHODS: By viewing related literatures about MTM at home and abroad, the development background, related concepts, core elements, work pattern, implementation and research status at abroad and development situation at home were reviewed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: MTM is a service strategy that evolves from the practice of pharmaceutical care. It includes five core elements and is mainly provided by pharmacists either face-to-face or using telephone for patients who have chronic disease, use multiple medications and with excessive drug costs. Foreign MTM service is well developed and extensive studies have demonstrated its clinical, economy and cultural effects. Chinese government attaches great importance to the chronic disease management in old patients, which used to be administered mainly by doctors and nurses. And pharmacists' pharmaceutical care has gradually increased in the past five years. Currently there are a lot of reviews on MTM at home but the practical contents have just started and the empirical studies on the effectiveness evaluation are lacking. Pharmaceutical care model of chronic disease management in China can be explored and carried out learning from foreign MTM model.

Objective To explore the effect of self-care agency on frailty syndrome in hospitalized elderly patients.Methods A total of 102 hospitalized elderly patients were recruited by convenience sampling method and investigated by cross-sectional survey. The prevalence of frailty was evaluated by frailty phenotype, and socio-demographic characteristics scale and exercise of self-care agency scale were used to evaluated these patients.Results The prevalence of frailty syndrome were 31.4%(32/102). The total score of self-care agency scale was (104.38±20.20). Univariate analysis showed that the prevalence of frailty syndrome in elderly was statistically different in the age, household income, career, the number of chronic disease, the use of medication and self-assessment of health (P<0.05). Compared with no-frailty elderly, the self-care agency, especially self-worth of frailty syndrome patients reduced significantly(P<0.05). Multiple Logistic regression indicated that self-care skills (OR=0.775, 95%CI: 0.641-0.937) and self-worth (OR=0.585,95%CI: 0.424-0.807) were significant protective factors of frailty syndrome.Conclusions The poorer self-care skills and self-worth of the elderly, the higher prevalence of frailty syndrome. Raising the level of self-care agency actively can help to prevent or improve frailty syndrome.

Objective To investigate the relationship between health literacy and cognitive function in elderly inpatients.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 216 elderly people who were admitted to a class Ⅲ grade A hospital by convenience sampling. Social demographic characteristics scale, questionnaire on Chinese citizens' health literacy and minimum mental state examination were used in this survey.Results The health literacy score of elderly inpatients was (64.33±12.79) and the cognitive function score was(26.52±2.27). The scores of health literacy and cognitive function had moderate correlation in hospitalized elderly patients (r=0.52,P<0.05). The single factor analysis showed that the health literacy of the elderly inpatients was statistical different in the education level,the average monthly family income,occupation, chronic disease and cognitive function (P<0.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that educational level,cognitive function,occupational and chronic diseases were independent factors of health literacy among the elderly inpatients.Conclusions The cognitive function of elderly inpatients varies greatly, and the higher level of cognitive function is a protective factor for the health literacy of elderly inpatients. It is an important approach to improve health literacy among elderly patients in hospital by lowering the burden of cognitive function to communicate health information.

In order to meet the urgent needs of social high-level nursing talents in the times and reality, scholars at home and abroad pay more and more attention to the development of professional spirit of nursing students. By using systematic analysis, this paper summarized five kinds of widely used professional spirit teaching methods, such as role model teaching, reflective learning teaching, PBL teaching, behavior-oriented teaching and hidden curriculum teaching so as to break the traditional teaching mode and explore scientific and effective teaching methods.