Objective To investigate the effect of abdominal breathing combined with acupoint massage to relieve abdominal distention after laparoscopic surgery.Methods One hundred and eighty patients with abdominal distention after laparoscopic surgery were randomly divided into control group and observation group with 90 patients in each group. The control group was given conventional perioperative nursing and the observation group combined with acupoint massage including Zusanli, Shangjuxu,Xiajuxu,and Neiguanxue based on the use of abdominal breathing to relieve postoperative abdominal distension. Result The abdominal distension of the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,the recovery time of intestinal peristalsis and anus exhaust time were significantly shorter than those of the control group after 3 d(all P<0.01).Conclusion Abdominal breathing combined with acupoint massage can relieve abdominal distension of patients after laparoscopic surgery and promote intestinal function recovery.

OBJECTIVETo study the correlation of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) between Taxilli Herba parasitized in mulberry and its host-plants.

METHODThe contents of DNJ of Taxilli Herba parasitized in mulberry and non-mulberry were determined by RP-HPLC. DNJ was extracted with 0.05 mol x L(-1) HCl, and then detected by fluorescence detector after derivatized with FMOC-Cl at pH 8.0 with borate buffer. The separation was performed on an Agilent C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% aqueous acetic acid (51: 49) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The wavelength of fluorescence detector was operated at lambda(EX) = 254 nm and lambda(EM) = 322 nm.

RESULTThe linear range of DNJ was 3.72-37.2 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 9). The average recovery was 96.42%. The contents of DNJ in mulberry and Taxilli Herba parasitized in mulberry were 1.39-10.16 mg x g(-1) and 0.46-2.72 mg x g(-1), respectively. However, the contents of DNJ could not be detected in Taxilli Herba parasitized in non mulberry and its host-plants.

CONCLUSIONAs the characteristic constituent of mulberry, DNJ was accumulated in Taxilli Herba This method can be applied to the quality control of Taxilli Herba from mulberry.

1-Deoxynojirimycin ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Stability ; Morus ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results

Pseudogenes were initially thought to have no function and were called by aliases, such as "junk genes." With the emergence of large-scale genomics projects and more and more experimental studies, pseudogenes have been shown to play an important role in the occurrence and development of solid tumors, especially playing an important regulatory role in the occurrence and develepment of liver cancer, such as regulating the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, and immunity of liver cancer cells. Recent studies showed that pseudogenes can act as regulators of oncogenes and tumor suppressors in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and can thus serve as prognostic markers and even therapeutic targets for this cancer type. In this review, we systematically summarize the mechanisms and functions of different pseudogenes in HCC and present their future prospects as therapeutic targets.

Objective To explore the classification and changes of macrophage subsets in liver transplant rejection.Methods Rat liver transplantation model were established and divided into immune tolerance group(B-B),where the liver of BN rat donors was transplanted to BN rat recipients,and immune rejection group(L-B),in which the liver of Lewis rat donors was transplanted to BN rat recipients.Single-cell RNA sequencing and high-throughput RNA sequencing were used to distinguish the macrophage subsets of rat liver transplantation,and to find differential gene in rejection reactions.Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the changes and distribu-tion of protein expression and cell subsets.Results CD68 positive macrophages were higher in the rejection group than that in the tolerance group(P<0.05),and macrophages could be divided into 9 subsets.During the rejection reaction,the CXC chemokine ligand 9(CXCL9)in the 8th subsets of macrophages was significantly increased,while the gene for white blood cell differentiation antigen 74(CD74)in the 5th subsets was significantly increased(P<0.05).CD74 ranked first in the differential gene synthesis of macrophages during rejection,followed by CXCL9.Compared with the tolerance group,a large number of CD74 positive macrophages were observed in the hepatic portal area of the rejection group,and the infiltration of CD74 positive macrophages in the hepatic sinuses was also significantly increased(P<0.05),while a large number of CXCL9 positive macrophages were observed in the hepatic portal area and hepatic sinuses of the rejection group,especially in the portal area(P<0.05),and CD14 positive cells were significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusions The CD74 positive macrophage subsets and CXCL9 positive macrophage subsets may be key subgroups in promoting liver transplant rejection,improving the mechanism of macrophage action in liver transplant rejection.

Objective: To observe the effects of nootkatone on depression-like behavior, neurogenesis and protein kinase A(PKA)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein(CREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) signaling pathway in hippocampus of chronic unpredictable stress(CUS) treated mice, and to explore the role and molecular mechanism of nootkatone′s antidepressant effect. Methods: Male C57 BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group(saline), the CUS group(CUS+saline), the CUS+nootkatone group(CUS+nootkatone). The sucrose preference test and forced swim test were used to evaluate the depression-like behaviors. The mRNA expression of BDNF in hippocampus was measured by RTPCR. The expression levels of BDNF, PKA and phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein(p-CREB) in hippocampus were determined by Western blot. The level of neurogenesis was measured by immunofluorescence. Results: Compared with the control group, the sucrose preference decreased(P<0.05) and the latency decreased(P<0.05), and immobility time increased in forced swim test(P<0.05) in CUS group, the expression levels of BDNF mRNA(P<0.05) and protein(P<0.05), PKA(P<0.05) and p-CREB(P<0.05) decreased. The sucrose preference of the CUS+nootkatone group increased(P<0.05) and the latency increased(P<0.05), and immobility time decreased in forced swim test(P<0.05), the expression levels of BDNF mRNA(P<0.05) and protein(P<0.05), PKA(P<0.05) and p-CREB(P<0.05) increased in comparison with the CUS group. Compared with control group, the number of hippocampal doublecortin(DCX) labeled neurons decreased(P<0.05) in CUS group. Compared with the CUS group, the number of DCX labeled neurons increased in the CUS+nootkatone group(P<0.05). Conclusion The improvement of depressive symptoms in CUS mice by nootkatone may be related to the neurogenesis in dentate gyrus of hippocampus and the activation of PKA/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is the most common monogenic diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of MODY in phenotypic type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among Chinese young adults. METHODS: From April 2015 to October 2017, this cross-sectional study involved 2429 consecutive patients from 46 hospitals in China, newly diagnosed between 15 years and 45 years, with T2DM phenotype and negative for standardized glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody at the core laboratory. Sequencing using a custom monogenic diabetes gene panel was performed, and variants of 14 MODY genes were interpreted as per current guidelines. RESULTS: The survey determined 18 patients having genetic variants causing MODY (6 HNF1A , 5 GCK , 3 HNF4A , 2 INS , 1 PDX1 , and 1 PAX4 ). The prevalence of MODY was 0.74% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40-1.08%). The clinical characteristics of MODY patients were not specific, 72.2% (13/18) of them were diagnosed after 35 years, 47.1% (8/17) had metabolic syndrome, and only 38.9% (7/18) had a family history of diabetes. No significant difference in manifestations except for hemoglobin A1c levels was found between MODY and non-MODY patients. CONCLUSION The prevalence of MODY in young adults with phenotypic T2DM was 0.74%, among which HNF1A -, GCK -, and HNF4A -MODY were the most common subtypes. Clinical features played a limited role in the recognition of MODY.
Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Mutation ; Prevalence ; Phenotype