CMV,HHV-6,HHV-7 and HHV-8 DNA in unstimulated whole saliva from 245 HIV-infected subjects and 30 healthy controls were examined by nested-PCR assays.Prevalence of CMV,HHV-6,HHV-7 and HHV-8 in saliva of HIV-infected subjects was 34.7%, 83.3%,70.2% and 14.3% respectively,that of the controls 10.0%,56.7%,70.0% and 0% respectively(between 2 groups,P <0.01).There was no difference of detection rates of the four HHVs in saliva between HIV patients with HAART(n =100)and non-HAART (n =145)(P >0.05).Multi-infection was observed in all subject.

OBJECTIVETo determine the incidence of human herpes virus (HHV) 1-4 type including herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) in the saliva of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -infected patients.

METHODSThe incidence of salivary HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV and EBV from 245 HIV-seropositive individuals and control group was used to investigate by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) or nested PCR. The data was analyzed by SPSS 18.0 statistical software.

RESULTSIn the 245 HIV-seropositive individuals, the detection rates of HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EBV were 29.0%, 3.3%, 4.1%, 82.0%. In the control group, the detection rates of HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EBV were 13.3%, 0, 0, 36.7%. Four HHVs were significantly more prevalent in the salivas of HIV-seropositive persons than those in the control group (P < 0.01). The detection rates of HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV and EBV DNA were no difference between the HIV-positive group with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and HIV-positive group without HAART (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThere is a high prevalence of HHV infection in HIV-infected people in Yunnan. The most common virus are EBV, followed by HSV-1, but VZV and HSV-2 are rarely detected. HHV co-infection is also observed.

Adult ; China ; DNA, Viral ; HIV Infections ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Humans ; Incidence ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Saliva

Objective To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of different nursing interventions for female overactive bladder, and to provide evidence- based evidence for nursing intervention for overactive bladder in women. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, ScienceDirect and CNKI,Wanfang database and CBM comprehensively by computer and included in the literature of nursing intervention for female overactive bladder patients. Results Four randomized controlled trials were included, a total of 426 participants were in, the intervention group was 214 participants, control group was 212 participants, the results of the study showed that pelvic floor muscle training,health education,psychological nursing intervention can improve patients with overactive bladder symptoms and enhance the quality of life. Conclusion Nursing intervention for women with overactive bladder is an effective way to control symptoms such as frequent micturition and urgency,improve bladder overactivity symptoms and enhance quality of life.

Objective:To compare and analyze the effects of impulse oscillometry (IOS) and pulmonary function test (PFT) in the assessment of asthma control in children.Methods:A cross-sectional study of 323 children with bronchial asthma who visited the outpatient pediatric clinic of Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from March to December 2020 was conducted.The patients were divided into the control group (123 cases) and the uncontrolled group (200 cases) according to the Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) score.In both groups, PFT and IOS were performed.The PFT test included the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1), force expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV 1/FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), the instantaneous forced expiratory flow at 50% of forced vital capacity (FEF 50), the instantaneous forced expiratory flow at 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF 75), and maximum mid expiratory flow (MMEF). In the IOS test, the total respiratory impedance at 5 Hz (Z5), respiratory resistance at 5 Hz (R5), respiratory resistance at 20 Hz (R20), reactance at 5 Hz (X5), respiratory resistance at 5 Hz-respiratory resistance at 20 Hz (R5-R20), reactance area (AX), and resonance frequency (Fres) were measured.The data obtained were analyzed statistically using SPSS 25.0 software. ANOVA or Mann- Whitney U rank-sum test was used to compare data between groups.Receiver′s operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to determine the predictive value of PFT and IOS parameters for uncontrolled asthma. Results:(1) According to the comparison results of PFT indexes between the two groups of children with asthma, the levels of FEV 1, FEV 1/FVC, PEF, FEF 50, FEF 75, MMEF in the control group were all higher than those in the uncontrolled group [(104.41±12.38)% vs.(98.89±16.61)%, 100.50 (94.40, 103.50)% vs.96.00 (89.83, 101.88)%, (100.29±15.31)% vs.(93.19±18.43)%, 85.60(70.60, 96.60)% vs.72.35 (57.08, 91.10)%, 67.20 (53.60, 81.70)% vs.56.80 (41.10, 74.73)%, 80.70 (66.80, 95.10)% vs.69.50 (54.03, 90.05)%] (all P<0.01). (2) According to the comparison results of IOS indices between the two groups, the levels of Z5, R5, R20, R5-R20, X5, AX and Fres in the control group were lower than those in the uncontrolled group {68.58 (63.29, 77.43)% vs.81.27(70.93, 91.96)%, 68.91(62.94, 77.60)% vs.80.61 (70.02, 89.29)%, 75.78 (67.50, 87.55)% vs.82.97 (71.50, 95.50)%, 0.51 (0.43, 0.59) [kPa/(L·S)] vs.0.62 (0.53, 0.74) [kPa/(L·S)], 69.31 (59.93, 79.14)% vs.86.48 (70.00, 102.48)%, 1.11 (0.76, 1.60) kPa/L vs.2.14 (1.42, 2.85) kPa/L, 18.21 (16.06, 19.56) Hz vs.20.56 (18.92, 22.81) Hz} (all P<0.01). (3) In the control group, 31 children (25.20%) had pulmonary dysfunction.(4) In the uncontrolled group, 95 children (47.50%) had pulmonary ventilation dysfunction.Only 20 children (10.00%) had a R5 larger than 120% of the predicted value and/or a R20 larger than 120% of the predicted value.(5) According to the ROC analysis results of the IOS indices for predicting asthma exacerbations, all of the areas under the ROC (AUC) of Z5, R5, R5-R20, X5, AX and Fres were greater than 0.7.AX had the highest value in predicting asthma exacerbations (AUC=0.785, 95% CI: 0.735-0.835), with sensitivity of 78.50% and specificity of 64.20%.All of the AUCs of PFT indices were smaller than 0.7.FEF 50 and MMEF had the largest AUC. Conclusions:PFT and IOS have good sensitivity in evaluating the level of asthma control in children, and IOS has good value in predicting asthma exacerbations.AX has the highest predictive value for asthma exacerbations.Asthma control levels of children should be evaluated using not only subjective (such as C-ACT score) but also objective (e.g.PFT, IOS) indices.

Objective:To investigate the damage effect of different concentrations of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in mice and explore the expression of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Tsix in the retina of mice with excitotoxicity as well as the protective effect of lncRNA Tsix on retina and RGCs.Methods:A total of 105 C57B6/J mice at 7-8 weeks of age were selected and randomly divided into the normal control group, 2 mmol/L NMDA group, 10 mmol/L NMDA group, 20 mmol/L NMDA group and 40 mmol/L NMDA group using a random number table method, with 21 mice in each group.In the normal control group, the mice were intravitreally injected with 1 μl of sodium chloride solution in the right eye, and mice were given intravitreal injection of 1 μl of different doses of NMDA according to grouping.At one week after the injection, the thickness of each retinal layer, the number of ganglion cell layer (GCL) cells and the number of RGCs were analysed and compared among different groups through optical coherence tomography (OCT), hematoxylin-eosin staining, retinal whole mount staining and immunofluorescence staining.RNAscope in situ hybridization was used to verify the expression of lncRNA Tsix in the GCL of different groups.The quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the transcript levels of Tsix in different groups.This study was approved by an Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University (No.SYXK2018-0004), and the use of experimental animals was in accordance with the regulations of Tianjin Medical University and ARVO statement. Results:The OCT results showed that the total retinal thickness of mice in the 2, 10, 20 and 40 mmol/L NMDA groups were (255.00±6.63), (252.40±6.41), (248.67±6.20) and (229.11±10.37)μm, respectively, which were thinner than (269.60±20.01)μm in the normal control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the cells in the GCL of the normal control group were uniform and compact, and arranged in a single layer with large and round nuclei.In the NMDA groups, the cells were uneven in volume with vacuoles and nuclear pyknosis.The cell density in the GCL was decreased significantly with the increasing NMDA doses in NMDA groups in comparison with the normal control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). In the 20 mmol/L NMDA group, the cell density in the GCL was reduced to half of the normal control group.The results of retinal whole mount staining showed that the density of β3-tubulin-positive RGCs was decreased significantly as the dose of NMDA increased in NMDA groups, and the differences were statistically significant compared with the normal control group (all at P<0.05). The number of RGCs in the 10 mmol/L NMDA group was reduced to half of that in the normal control group.RNAscope results showed that lncRNA Tsix was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of the GCL cells.The proportion of lncRNA Tsix-positive cells was significantly reduced with the increase of the NMDA dose ( F=13.670, P<0.01). The quantitative real-time PCR results verified that the trend of Tsix expression was consistent with the RNAscope result. Conclusions:NMDA exerts a dose-dependent damage to the layer thickness of mouse retina and RGCs.The expression of lncRNA Tsix in mouse retina is mainly enriched in the cytoplasm of the cells in the GCL, and the transcript level of Tsix is reduced with the increase of NMDA concentration and have a protective effect on RGCs.