Objective To explore the clinical factors on the functional recovery of spinal cord cavernous hemangioma operation. Methods Fifty cases patients with complete spinal cord cavernous hemangioma were retrospectively analyzed their clinical data and its influence on prognosis of 2 years. Single factor and multiple factors analysis were performed. Results Compared with the preoperative stage,the grade of Aminoff-Logue score of 28 cases(50. 9%)had improved at least one grade,14 cases(25. 5%)patients with no significant changes and 13 cases(23. 6%)with decreased one grade at least. Logistic regression model showed that patients with clinical types(OR=3. 27,95%CI 2. 34-15. 83,P=0. 006),the time of the attacks to the surgery(OR=2. 93,95%CI 1. 41-10. 61,P=0. 012),and the attacks to the operation time( OR=4. 31,95%CI 2. 46 -12. 32,P = 0. 019 ) were related to neurological function recovery of spinal cord cavernous hemangiomas. Conclusion For patients with SCH dysfunction,regardless of what kind of clinical types of neurological dysfunction extent,should receive surgical treatment to improve neurological function recovery rate as soon as possible.

Objective To study the effect of chloral hydrate on click sound evoked auditory brainstem re-sponse (ABR) in healthy adult guinea pig .Methods A total of 20 healthy wild type albino male guinea pigs were se-lected for ABR assessment with click sound stimulation conscious and cholral hydrate anesthesia conditions .The ABR threshold was determined according to the wave that presents highest occurrence rate under different stimulus intensity .The latency ,interpeak latency of each wave at 90 dB peSPL stimulation as well as the amplitude of waveⅡ ,Ⅲ ,Ⅳ under different stimulus intensity were recorded .Results The ABR threshold in chloral hydrate anes-thesia was 25 .50 ± 2 .76 dB peSPL and at the waking state was 28 .5 ± 3 .66 dB peSPL from control group (P>0 .05) .The latencies of each wave recorded under chloral hydrate anesthesia state were prolonged compared to those of under waking state ,wave Ⅲ ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ had significance differences (P<0 .05) ,but wave Ⅰ ,Ⅱ had no significant differences (P>0 .05) .The interpeak latency between wave Ⅰ - Ⅴ ,Ⅲ - Ⅳ ,Ⅳ - Ⅴ in chloral hydrate anesthesia were longer compared to those of under waking state with significant differences (P<0 .05) ,while interpeak latency between Ⅰ - Ⅱ ,Ⅱ - Ⅲ had no significant differences (P> 0 .05) .The amplitude and occurrence rate of wave Ⅱwere the highest among all the waves in both experimental group and control group .The amplitude of wave Ⅱ and Ⅲ in chloral hydrate anesthesia was higher than that of the waking state under acoustic stimulation conditions ofhigh intensity(P<0 .05) while the amplitude of wave Ⅳ was lower than the waking state (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The chloral hydrate anesthesia may be able to apparently lengthen the ABR latencies of wave Ⅲ ,Ⅳ ,Ⅴ and affect the amplitude .This effect should be considered during the assessment of ABR under anesthesia state in guinea pig ;The ABR threshold of guinea pig could be determined according to the wave Ⅱ because it 's highest occurrence rate .

Objective:To summarize our experience in prevention of COVID-19 infection in emergency and confined operations during the first 3 weeks after Spring Festival in 2020.Methods:From February 3rd to 23rd, 2020, 151 patients were admitted to Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital for emergency and confined operations. In this cohort, 125 patients were admitted to ordinary wards. They were 70 males and 55 females with an age of 51.1 years ± 14.9 years. Of them, 2 were subjected to emergency operation and 123 to confined operation. The mean time from injury to operation was 9.9 days ± 6.1 days. There were 26 cases in the senile wards, 7 males and 19 females with an age of 80.8 years ± 7.0 years all of whom underwent confined operations. The mean time from injury to operation was 8.4 days ± 6.3 days. The protocols for emergency diagnosis, admission, emergency and confined operations, postoperative rehabilitation and management of suspects with COVID-19 during the epidemic of COVID-19 were optimized according to Diagnosis and Treatment Protocols for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial version 5), emergency responding pre-plans of our hospital, and our experience in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) as well.Results:The patients in the ordinary wards had a hospital stay of 6.8 days ± 4.6 days while those in the senile wards 5.1 days ± 2.0 days. Abnormal temperature (≥37.3 ℃) was observed perioperatively in 17 cases in the ordinary wards. It was absorption fever in all and appeared in 4 cases upon admission. Fever appeared in 11 patients in the senile wards and upon admission in 3 of them. One senile patient who had been diagnosed of normal pneumonia returned to normal temperature and remained stable conditions after antibiotic therapy. The other patients were free of complications related to COVID-19 during their hospital stay.Conclusion:The first-line medical staff working at emergency department, wards and surgical theaters must heighten their vigilance against COVID-19 infection and rigorously follow protocols for prevention of COVID-19 infection in their daily clinical practice.

Objective:To explore MRI T 2-mapping and blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) to evaluate the functional changes of paraspinal muscle in rats with discogenic low back pain (DLBP) after swimming. Methods:Totally 54 female 1-month-old SD rats were selected, which were divided into 3 groups by random number table method, sham operation (Sham) group, DLBP non-swimming group and DLBP swimming group, with 18 rats in each group. Under the guidance of X-ray fluoroscopy, the L4/5 and L5/6 intervertebral discs of the rats in the DLBP non-swimming group and DLBP swimming group were punctured by the posterior approach, and establishment of DLBP rat model by destroying nucleus pulposus, and only paraspinal muscles at the same level were punctured in the Sham group. After modeling, the DLBP swimming group received swimming exercise intervention for 5 consecutive days (30 min/d), while the DLBP non-swimming group and Sham group did not receive any rehabilitation exercise intervention. Each group was divided into 3 time point subgroups on average, the T 2-mapping and BOLD sequences were scanned at 30, 90 and 180 days after modeling to obtain the T 2 value, R 2* value of the paraspinal muscles, and the paraspinal muscles at the modeling level were taken for immunofluorescence staining, and the fluorescence intensity of myosin heavy chain (MYH)1 (type Ⅱ muscle fiber) and MYH7 (type I muscle fiber) was analyzed. One-way analysis of variance was used for comparison among the 3 groups, and the Bonferroni method was used for multiple comparisons, and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between quantitative MRI parameters T 2 value, R 2* value and MYH1, MYH7 immunofluorescence intensity of rat paraspinal muscles at 180 days after modeling. Results:At 30 days after modeling, there was no significant difference in T 2 value and R 2* value among the 3 groups (all P>0.05). At 90 days after modeling, the T 2 value of the DLBP swimming group was higher than that of the DLBP non-swimming group, and the T 2 value of the DLBP non-swimming group was lower than that of the Sham group (all P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the R 2* value among the 3 groups ( P>0.05). At 180 days after modeling, the T 2 value of the DLBP swimming group was higher than that of the DLBP non-swimming group, and the R 2* value was lower than that of the DLBP non-swimming group; the T 2 value of the DLBP non-swimming group was lower than that of the Sham group, and the R 2* value was higher than that of the Sham group (all P<0.05). At 30 and 90 days after modeling, there was no significant difference in the expressions of MYH1 and MYH7 among the 3 groups (all P>0.05). At 180 days after modeling, the expression of MYH1 decreased and the expression of MYH7 increased in the DLBP swimming group compared with the DLBP non-swimming group; the expression of MYH1 increased and the expression of MYH7 decreased in the DLBP non-swimming group compared with the Sham group (all P<0.05). At 180 days after modeling, the T 2 value had a moderate negative correlation with the fluorescence intensity of MYH1 ( r=-0.511, P=0.043), and a moderate positive correlation with the fluorescence intensity of MYH7 ( r=0.564, P=0.023); R 2* value was moderate positive correlated with the fluorescence intensity of MYH1 ( r=0.625, P=0.010), and moderate negative correlated with the fluorescence intensity of MYH7 ( r=-0.653, P=0.006). Conclusions:Swimming exercise can improve the reduction of water content and perfusion in the paraspinal muscles of DLBP rats, and reduce the transformation of muscle fibers from type Ⅰ to type Ⅱ, the changes of T 2 and R 2* value can reflect the transformation of paraspinal muscle fiber types to a certain extent.

The number of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing every year,and the proportion of patients with digestive cancer is also increasing.At present,more and more studies have found that digestive system cancer is associated with type 2 diabetes.This paper reviewed the recent ten years of domestic and foreign researchers using meta-analysis in the study of type 2 diabetes and digestive system cancer outcomes.It suggested that type 2 DM has certain negative effects on the occurrence and prognosis of digestive system cancer.Its influence and mechanism still needs further study through a variety of methods.

Objective:To compare the pathological results and complications of limited and extended pelvic lymph node dissection among high-risk prostate cancer patients, and to explore the risk factors that affect the rate of lymph node metastasis in high-risk prostate cancer patients.Methods:The data of 800 high-risk prostate cancer patients who underwent radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection from January 2016 to December 2020 in three affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were analyzed retrospectively. According to the scope of pelvic lymph node dissection, they were divided into limited pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLND) group and extended pelvic lymph node dissection (EPLND) group. There were 172 patients underwent LPLND, and 628 patients underwent EPLND.The age of the patients in the LPLND group was 67 (62, 72) years old, diagnosed PSA 20.7 (10.9, 54.8) ng/ml. The biopsy Gleason score 6 in 22 cases, 7 in 59 cases, 8 in 56 cases and 9-10 in 35 cases.The clinical T stage: T 1 in 29 cases, T 2 in 102 cases, T 3 in 37 cases, T 4 in 4 cases; N 0 in 160 cases and N 1 in 12 cases. 50 patients received neoadjuvant hormonal therapy. The age of patients in the EPLND group was 67 (63, 72) years old, diagnosed PSA was 23.9 (14.0, 46.8) ng/ml. Biopsy Gleason Score 6 in 51 cases, 7 in 194 cases, 8 in 218 cases and 9-10 in 165 cases. Clinical T stage: T 1 in 114 cases, T 2 in 341 cases, T 3 in 144 cases, T 4 in 29 cases; N 0 in 526 cases and N 1 in 102 cases.158 patients received neoadjuvant hormonal therapy. There were no significant differences in the age, PSA, puncture Gleason score, clinical T stage, and whether or not to receive neoadjuvant hormonal therapy between the two groups of patients ( P>0.05). The difference in clinical N staging was statistically significant ( P=0.002). The number of postoperative lymph nodes, positive pelvic lymph nodes and postoperative complications and other related clinical and pathological data of the two groups were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of patients with positive lymph nodes. Results:The median number of lymph nodes harvested [13(8, 19)vs. 6(4, 13), P<0.001] and the rate of positive lymph node cases[31.2%(196/628) vs. 10.5%(18/172), P<0.001] in the EPLND group was significantly higher than those in the LPLND group. Preoperative PSA, clinical N staging, Gleason score, and way of lymph node dissection were independent risk factors for postoperative positive pelvic lymph node in high-risk prostate cancer patients. Compared with the LPLND group, the ELPND group had a higher postoperative complication rate [19.9%(125/628) vs. 11.0%(11/172), P=0.007]. Conclusions:Compared with the LPLND, EPLND in high-risk prostate cancer patients can harvest more lymph nodes and increase the detection rate of positive lymph nodes. The complications of EPLND were higher than those of LPLND. Preoperative PSA, clinical N stage, Gleason score, and the way of lymph node dissection are independent risk factors for positive pelvic lymph node dissection.

Objective:To investigate the 2 years’ efficacy of intravesical instillation of domestic BCG versus epirubicin in the prevention of recurrence of intermediate-risk or high-risk non-muscular invasive bladder cancer and predictive factors of BCG instillation.Methods:From July 2015 to June 2020, 18-75 years old patients with moderate to high-risk non muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) confirmed by pathological examination were involved. The ECOG score was 0-2. Exclusion criteria included ①immune deficiency or impairment (such as AIDS), using immunosuppressive drugs or radiotherapy, suspected allergic to BCG or epirubicin or excipients of the two drugs, fever or acute infectious diseases including active tuberculosis or receiving anti tuberculosis treatment, with severe chronic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases or chronic kidney disease; ②combined with other urogenital system tumors or other organ tumors; ③combined with muscle invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma (≥T 2); ④undergoing chemotherapy, radiotherapy or immunotherapy within 4 weeks (immediate instillation after surgery not included); ⑤ pregnant or lactating women; ⑥ comfirmed or suspected bladder perforation; ⑦gross hematuria; ⑧cystitis with severe bladder irritation that may affect the evaluation; ⑨participat in other clinical trials within 3 months; ⑩alcohol or drug addiction; ?any risk factors that may increasing the risk of patients. Epirubicin 50 mg was irrigated immediately after the operation(TURBT or laser resection). The patients were randomly divided into BCG15 group, BCG19 group and epirubicin group by the ratio of 2∶2∶1, and the patients were maintained intravescical instillation for 1 year. The recurrence and adverse events of the three groups were compared. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to predict the risk factors of BCG irrigated therapy failure. Result:By June 15, 2020, the median follow-up duration was 22.1 months(12.1, 32.3), and there was no statistical difference between the groups ( P=0.9024). There were 274 patients enrolled in BCG19 group, 277 patients enrolled in BCG15 group and 130 patients enrolled in the epirubicin group. The drop-off rate was 16.6%(113 cases)and made no difference between groups( P=0.6222). There were no significant difference in age, gender, BMI, or ECOG score( P>0.05). During the follow-up, 116 cases was detected recurrence or progression. The recurrence rate of the three groups was 14.2% and 14.8% in BCG19 group and BCG15 group, and 27.7% in the epirubicin group. There was no difference in recurrence rate between BCG19 and BCG15 group( P=0.9464). The recurrence rate of BCG19 group was lower than that of the epirubicin group ( P=0.0017). The recurrence rate of BCG15 group was lower than that of the epirubicin group ( P=0.0020). There was no difference in the cumulative recurrence free survival rate between BCG19 and BCG15 group (95% CI0.57-1.46, P=0.7173). The cumulative recurrence free survival rate of BCG 19 group was better than that of the epirubicin group( HR=0.439, 95% CI0.26-0.74, P=0.0006), and the cumulative recurrence free survival rate of BCG15 group was better than that of the epirubicin group ( HR=0.448, 95% CI0.29-0.80, P=0.0021). The total incidence of adverse events in 19 BCG19, BCG15 and epirubicin group were 74.5%, 72.6% and 69.8% respectively. There was no difference in the incidence of adverse events between BCG19 and BCG15 group( P=0.6153). The incidence of adverse events in epirubicin group was lower than that of BCG19( P=0.0051) and BCG15( P=0.0167) groups.There was no significant difference in the incidence of serious adverse events (SAE) among the three groups ( P=0.5064). Log rank test univariate analysis and Cox risk regression model multivariate analysis showed that the history of bladder cancer recurrence( HR=6.397, 95% CI1.95-20.94, P=0.0001)was independent risk factor for BCG irrigation failure. Conclusions:The 2 years’ efficacy of intravesical instillation of domestic BCG is better than than of epirubicin with good tolerance and safety. There is no difference between BCG19 and BCG15 group. BCG doesn’t increase SAE compared with epirubicin. Recurrence status was an independent prognostic factor regarding recurrence-free survival.