Symptom is the clinical phenomena of disease,is the objective being which does not depend on subjective consciousness of the doctor but is closely correlated with the reception of the patient-self.In written form,symptom is the main theory,reflecting some kind of disease character from general sense.Pathogenesis is the essence of disease,the relationship of phenomena and essence of clinical disease is not mechanical linear correlation.So holding essence need the pathogenesis sense value that cognizing connotation of symptom,making symptom from natural objective transform to syndrome identification which having main body cognitive logic.Syndrome identification is the evidence of syndrome pathogenesis,which is organic constituted by pathogenesis element identification and disease identification.Pathogenesis element identification sense of the symptom is the most fundamental;according to its relationship with pathogenesis;it can be divided into positive value symptom and negative value symptom.In a word,Symptom and syndrome identification have the relationships in terms of primary and lesser,same and different,diversiform and normalizing.

In this article a new principle of geometric design for blade's surface of an impeller is provided. This is an optimal control problem for the boundary geometric shape of flow and the control variable is the surface of the blade. We give a minimal functional depending on the geometry of the blade's surface and such that the flow's loss achieves minimum. The existence of the solution of the optimal control problem is proved and the Euler-Lagrange equations for the surface of the blade are derived. In addition, under a new curvilinear coordinate system, the flow domain between the two blades becomes a fixed hexahedron, and the surface as a mapping from a bounded domain in R2 into R3, is explicitly appearing in the objective functional. The Navier-Stokes equations, which include the mapping in their coefficients, can be computed by using operator splitting algorithm. Furthermore, derivatives of the solution of Navier-Stokes equations with respect to the mapping satisfy linearized Navier-Stokes equations which can be solved by using operator splitting algorithms too. Hence, a conjugate gradient method can be used to solve the optimal control problem.

AIM:Based on comparative genomic hybridization(CGH) data,to construct tree model of esophageal carcinoma and to explore mechanism of multigene involved,multistep development and multipathway progression during esophageal carcinogenesis.METHODS:Using the software developed by Desper et al,tree models of esophageal carcinoma were constructed according to the CGH data of 78 esophageal carcinoma patients.RESULTS:Tree models for esophageal carcinoma suggested that there were-4p,-9p,-18q,+7p,+8q,+17p,+17q,+20p,+20q nine nonrandom genetic events,and +7p、+8q and +20q might be important early events in esophageal carcinogenesis,indicating that there might be cancer-related genes in these chromosomal arms.CONCLUSION:Tree models based on CGH data of esophageal carcinoma imply the process of multigene involved,multistep and multipathway progression.The tree models also give the direction to search for esophageal cancer-related genes.

Parkinson's disease(PD)challenges us to assess the disease due to the lack of definitive biomarkers.Currently,PD patients have been found to contract several gastrointestinal comorbidities such as con-stipation and intestinal inflammation that precede its symptomatic manifestations.These conditions are intricately linked to proliferative metabolisms of the gut microbiota,which are manifested to be some primary changes in the gut microbiota or other changes involved in medication during treatment.In this paper we review the recent research on gut microbiota biomarkers in PD,arguing for the clinical relevance of gut microbiota as a marker in the progression of PD and prospecting the potential efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation as an intervention in managing PD.