Objective To measure the level of interleukin-15(IL-15) in serum and its expression in lung tissues,and analyze the correlations between IL-15 and IL-4,IFN-?,eosinophil(Eos),and explore the effect of IL-15 on bronchial asthma.Methods Thirty femal BALB/C mice were randomly divided into three group(n=10),group A(asthma model),group B(corticosteroid treatment) and group C(normal control).All mice were killed 24 h after final OVA challenge.Blood were obtained for measurement of serum IgE,IL-4,IFN-? and IL-15 levels by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay(ELISA).Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BLAF) was collected for Eos count.The left lungs were isolated for pathological examination.The lung sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin(HE).The expressions of IL-15 in lung tissues were measured by immunohistochemical SP method.Results ①The mouse asthma model appeared ethological changes specific to asthma,the Eos count in BALF was increased,and IgE and IL-4 levels in serum were also increased compared with control group(P

Endometrial receptivity refers to the ability of the endometrium to receive the embryo,which is the key factor for the implantation.Endometrial local injury,a kind of local minor mechanical injury to endometrium,is documented to improve endmetrial receptivity and embryo implantation rate.In this article,the effect of endometrial local injury on endometrial receptivity will be discussed in terms of clinical research,morphology,expression of bioactive factors associated with endometrial receptivity and genetics.

Objective The study compared the clinical outcomes among cleavage stage embryo transfer,two-step embryo transfer and blastocyst transfer in frozen-thawed cycles.To provide the clinical guidance for the patients with repeated implantation failure(RIF) to make a appropriate embryo transfer protocol.Methods In this retrospective study,a total of 252 patients with RIF were undergoing the frozenthawed embryo transfer (FET) treatment.They were divided into cleavage stage embryo transfer group (group A),two-step embryo transfer group (group B) and blastocyst transfer group (group C) according to the transfer protocols.Groups were compared including implantation rate,clinical pregnancy rate,live birth rate,miscarriage rate,multiple pregnancy rate and ectopic pregnancy rate.Results (1) There were no significant differences among three groups in age,infertility duration,infertility type,endometrial preparation protocols and embryo resuscitation rate.The rate of optimal embryo after resuscitation of group B was lower than that of group A (72.46％ vs 81.50％),showing significant differences (P'＜ 0.0125),but no significant difference were found between group B and C (72.46％ vs 77.42％),A and C (81.50％ vs 77.42％) (P'＞ 0.0125).(2) The implantation rate of embryos in group C was significantly higher than that in group A (38.46％ vs 21.61％) (P'＜0.0125),and there were no significant difference between group B and C (26.85％ vs 38.46％),A and B (21.61％ vs 26.85％).The clinical pregnancy rate of group B was significantly higher than that of group A (62.50％ vs 45.09％) (P'＜0.0125),and there were no significant differences between the others.No statistically differences existed in regard to the live birth rate among three groups,but the group B than the group A (50.00％ vs 35.71％),the group B than the group C (50.00％ vs 34.62％) showed an increasing trend.(3) No statistically differences existed in regard to abortion and multiple pregnancy rate among three groups (P ＞ 0.05).No case of ectopic pregnancy occurred in group B and group C,while in the group A,there were 7 cases of ectopic pregnancy.Conclusions For RIF patients,two-step embryo transfer and blastocyst transfer are relatively safe and effective transplants in frozen-thawed cycles compared to cleavage embryo transfer.

Objective:To investigate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the first in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) treatment for young women of childbearing age (20-35 years old) with tubal factor infertility.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 747 patients who underwent assisted reproductive technology (IVF/ICSI) treatment for the first time at the Reproductive Medicine Center of the First People′s Hospital of Changde City from January 1, 2019 to September 30, 2021. The patients were aged 20-35 years old and all received controlled ovarian hyperstimulation treatment using a long-term follicular protocol. Patients were divided into four groups based on their BMI values during physical examinations before assisted pregnancy treatment: the weight loss group [body mass index (BMI)<18.5 kg/m 2 in 72 cases], the normal weight group (18.5 kg/m 2≤BMI<24 kg/m 2 in 455 cases), the super recombination group (24 kg/m 2≤BMI<28 kg/m 2 in 161 cases), and the obesity group (BMI≥28 kg/m 2 in 59 cases). The differences in relevant indicators during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation treatment and pregnancy outcomes after fresh embryo transfer were analyzed among each group. Resultsl:There were no statistically significant differences in age, infertility years, primary/secondary infertility ratio, basal follicle stimulating hormone levels, and sinus follicle count among the lean, normal weight, overweight, and obese groups (all P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the duration of gonadotropin (Gn) administration, the number of follicles with a diameter of ≥14 mm on the trigger day, the level of estrogen on the trigger day, the number of retrieved eggs, the number of double pronuclei, the rate of cyst formation, the rate of transplantation, and the rate of whole embryo cryopreservation among the four groups (all P>0.05). The total amount of Gn was found to be (2 374.5±892.5)U in the lean group, (2 643.8±1 213.5)U in the normal weight group, (2 950.5±1 156.5)U in the super recombinant group, and (2 949.8±1 030.5)U in the obese group, with a statistically significant difference ( P=0.001). The number of excellent embryos was (3.06±2.50) in the lean group, (2.96±2.16) in the normal weight group, (2.45±1.96) in the super recombinant group, and (2.39±2.03) in the obese group, with a statistically significant difference ( P=0.015). The embryo free rate among the four groups significantly increased with increasing BMI, and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.039). There was no statistically significant difference in the number of embryos transferred, biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, embryo implantation rate, multiple pregnancy rate, early abortion rate, mid-term abortion rate, and live birth rate among the four groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:In patients with simple tubal factor infertility who receive long-term follicular phase assisted fertilization treatment, an increase in BMI can significantly increase the dosage of Gn, reduce the number of excellent embryos, and increase the rate of no embryos. Although there is currently no statistical difference in various indicators of pregnancy outcomes after fresh embryo transfer among different BMI groups, there is a risk of an increase in early or mid-term miscarriage rates as BMI increases.