To investigate the effects of Bushen Yixin Tablet (BYT) on plasma lipid peroxide (LPO) and sexual hormone in renal hypertension rats. Goldblatt's renal hypertension rat models were established. All rats were allocated to six groups: BYT groups (with high, moderate and low dosage of BYT respectively), captopril group, normal saline (NS) group and mimic-operation group. The treatment course lasted 4 weeks. Blood pressure was lowered in BYT groups (P

Objective To evaluate the effect of aminophylline on monophasic action potential (MAP) during remifentanil-induced negative chronotropic effect in the isolated rabbit hearts.Methods Eighteen healthy adult rabbits,weighing 2.0-2.5 kg,wereused in the study.Their hearts were excised and retrogradely perfused in a Langendorff apparatus.After 15 min of stabilization with K-H solution,the isolated hearts were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =6 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),remifentanil group (R group),and remifentanil + aminophylline group (RA group).Group C was perfused with 37 ℃ K-H solution for 60 min.Group R was perfused with K-H solution containing remifentanil 12 ng/ml for 60 min.Group RA was perfused with K-H solution containing remifentanil 12 ng/ml and aminophylline 30 μg/ml for 60 min.At 15 min of stabilization and 15,30 and 60 min of perfusion,HR and MAP in the myardium of left ventricle were recorded:MAP duration at 90％ and 50％ repolarization (MAPD90,MAPD50) was calculated.The early after depolarization,delay after depolarization and arrhythmia were recorded.Results Compared with group C,HR was significantly decreased at 15,30 and 60 min of perfusion,and MAPD50 and MAPD90 were prolonged in goup R,and HR was increased in group RA.HR was significantly higher,and MAPD50 and MAPD90 were shorter in RA group than in group R.No early after depolarization,delay after depolarization or arrhythmia developed in each group.Conclusion Aminophylline antagonizes remifentanil-induced negative chronotropic effect through shortening monophasic action potential duration in the myocardium of left ventricle of the isolated rabbit hearts.

Objective To study the correlation between the manifestations of the left subphrenic fat infiltration (LSFI) and the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) Methods One hundred and forty four cases and 188 cases of AP scored by Ranson′s scoring system and graded by Balthazar′s staging system were retrospectively studied respectively The thickness of the LSFI in each case was respectively and individually observed and measured, and the thickness under 3 mm was graded as 0 of which the sign of LSFI was considered as negative Rank correlation analysis of the thickness of LSFI with Ranson′s scoring and Balthazar′s staging was used respectively Results The incidence of LSFI in Ranson′s rank 1-3 was 30 86%, 54 90%, and 75 00%, respectively, and rank correlation coefficient of LSFI and Ranson′s score was 0 417 9( P

Objective To explore the expression and significance of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, IV collagen and CD34 in epithelial ovarian tumor. Methods Eighty-two patients with epithelial ovarian tumor, among them,there were 48 malignant epithelial ovarian carcinomas, 23 borderline epithelial ovarian tumors and 11 benign epithelial ovarian tumors. The expression of MMP-9, IV collagen and CD34 were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of MMP-9 was strongly linked to the degree of malignant ovarian carcinomas (F= 39.306,P< 0.01). The expression of CD34 was also strongly linked to the degree of malignant ovarian carcinomas [benign epithelial ovarian tumors was (17.18±5.64)%,borderline epithelial ovarian tumors was (29.76±7.18)%,well-differentiated malignant epithelial ovarian carcinomas was (57.20±8.55)%,moderately-differentiated malignant epithelial ovarian carcinomas was (71.20±8.48)%, poorly-differentiated malignant epithelial ovarian carcinomas was(90.38±20.03)%](F= 100.072, P < 0.01). The expression of IV collagen in malignant epithelial ovarian carcinomas was different from that in borderline epithelial ovarian tumors and benign epithelial ovarian tumors (F = 11.554,P<0.0l). The expression of MMP-9 was positive correlation with the loss expression of IV collagen and the expression of CD34 (r=0.796,0.802,P< 0.01).Conclusions The positive expression of MMP-9,CD34 and the negative expression of IV collagen are obviously relevant to degree of malignant ovarian carcinomas.The combined testing on expression of MMP-9,CD34, IV collagen on ovarian carcinomas is significant to decide degree of malignant ovarian carcinomas and evaluate future development.

BACKGROUND: Brain-awakening nasal sprayer is composed of many herbs,such as Chuanxiong and Shichangpu, which were regarded by "Shennong Bencaojing" as having the function of "preventing stroke in the brain".OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of free radicals and nitric oxide synthase in rat brain following focal ischemic-reperfusional injury due to brain-awakening nasal sprayer intervention and compare with that due to classical nimodipine.DESIGN: A randomized controlled study.SETTING: Department of internal medicine of a hospital affiliated to a traditional Chinese medical university.MATERIALS: Seventy adult male Wistar rats of clean grade, were randomly divided into seven groups: brain-awakening nasal sprayer of higher dosage group, moderate dosage group, lower dosage group, nimodipine intraperitoneal injection group, physical saline nasal sprayer group, menstruum nasal sprayer group, and sham operation group with 10 rats in each.METHODS: Focal brain ischemia-reperfusion model was established by blocking the left cerebral middle artery in rats of all the groups except sham operation group. Three days before model establishment and during reperfusion, rats were given different dosages of brain-awakening nasal sprayer composed of Chuanxiongqin and Shichangpu of 5.4, 2.7, 1.08 mg/(kg · d) and 1.35, 0. 54, 0.27 g/(kg· d), respectively, three times a day; which was replaced by physical saline and menstruum nasal sprayer of 0. 18 mL/ (kg · d),three times a day in physical saline nasal sprayer group and menstruum nasal sprayer group; rats in nimodipine intraperitoneal injection group received intraperitoneal injection of nimodipine by 0. 8 mg/(kg · d) twice a day. Rats in sham operation group were routinely raised. The content of prodialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide synthase were measured with colorimetric method.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The changes of prodialdehyde content, superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide synthase activity in rat brain following focal ischemic-reperfusional injury in groups of different dosage of brain-awakening nasal sprayer and other groups. ② Comparison between different dosage brain-awakening nasal sprayer intervention groups and nimodipine intraperitoneal injection group.RESULTS: Eight rats died during model establishment and the other 62 rats entered the results analysis. ① Content of prodialdehyde: It was significantly lower in higher dosage group and nimodipine intraperitoneal injection group than in physical saline nasal sprayer group [ (0.92 ± 0. 32), (0. 87 ± 0. 39)vs(1.35 ±0. 34) μmol/g, P ＜ 0.05], but there was no difference between higher dosage group and nimodipine intraperitoneal injection group. ② Activity of superoxide dismutase: It was obviously higher in higher dosage group and nimodipine intraperitoneal injection group than in physical saline nasal sprayer group[ (35.64 ± 11.67), (33.88 ± 7. 15) vs(20. 70 ± 3.88) NU/mg,P ＜ 0. 05 ], but no difference could be observed between higher dosage group and nimodipine intraperitoneal injection group. ③ Activity of nitric oxide synthase and superoxide dismutase: It was found obviously higher in higher dosage group and nimodipine intraperitoneal injection group than in physical saline nasal sprayer group[ (4.64 ± 1.22), (5.00 ± 1.10) vs (3.08 ± 1.12) mkat/g, P ＜ 0.05], but no difference could be observed between higher dosage group and nimodipine intraperitoneal injection group.④ The activity of nitric oxide synthase and superoxide dismutase slightly increased while prodialdehyde slightly decreased in moderate dosage group,lower dosage group and menstruum nasal sprayer group, which did not differ significantly from physical saline nasal sprayer group.CONCLUSION: Brain-awakening nasal sprayer intervention exerts multiple effects such as preventing lipo-peroxidation following brain ischemic- reperfusional injury, in addition to suppressing prodialdehyde production, attenuating injury induced by free radicals and increasing nitric oxide synthase activity, thereby playing a similar role to nimodipine in protecting against brain ischemic-reperfusionaldamage

Objective:To explore the effect of serum lactic acid (Lac) level on acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with sepsis and whether Lac level affects the in-hospital mortality of patients with sepsis-associated AKI.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Clinical data of patients with sepsis admitted to the internal intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from March 2014 to June 2019 and the ICU of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2017 to June 2020 were collected. According to the first quartile of Lac within 24 hours of admission to ICU, the patients were divided into Lac ≤ 1.4 mmol/L group (group Q1), Lac 1.5-2.4 mmol/L group (group Q2), Lac 2.5-4.0 mmol/L group (group Q3), and Lac ≥ 4.1 mmol/L group (group Q4). The incidence of sepsis-associated AKI after admission to ICU and hospital mortality were compared among four groups. The effect of elevated Lac on the incidence and mortality of sepsis-associated AKI was investigated by binary Logistic regression analysis. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to analyze the predictive value of Lac on the incidence and mortality of sepsis-associated AKI, and the cut-off value was obtained to analyze the incidence and death risk of sepsis-associated AKI at different Lac levels. Results:A total of 655 sepsis patients were enrolled, of which 330 patients (50.4%) developed AKI and 325 patients (49.6%) did not. Among 330 patients with sepsis-associated AKI, 134 (40.6%) died and 196 (59.4%) survived. With the increase of Lac level, the incidence of sepsis-associated AKI increased gradually (34.5%, 41.0%, 58.4%, 66.3%, respectively, in group Q1- Q4), meanwhile, the in-hospital mortality also increased gradually (23.4%, 29.2%, 33.1%, 43.4%, respectively, in group Q1- Q4), the differences were statistically significant (both P < 0.01). Compared with the non-AKI group, the Lac level in the AKI group was significantly increased [mmol/L: 3.08 (1.84, 5.70) vs. 1.91 (1.20, 3.10), P < 0.01]. After adjustment for factors such as gender (male), site of infection (abdominal cavity), vasoactive drugs, basal mechanical ventilation, mean arterial pressure (MAP), basal renal insufficiency, uric acid, procalcitonin (PCT), platelet count (PLT), basal serum creatinine (SCr) and basal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and other influencing factors, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated Lac was an independent risk factor for sepsis-associated AKI [odds ratio ( OR) = 1.096, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.022-1.175, P = 0.010]. Compared with the survival group, the Lac level in the death group was significantly increased [mmol/L: 3.55 (2.00, 6.76) vs. 3.00 (1.70, 4.50), P < 0.01]. After adjusting for age, diabetes, vasoactive drugs, basal eGFR, and other factors, multivariate Logistic regression analysis suggested that increased Lac was an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality in sepsis-associated AKI patients ( OR = 1.074, 95% CI was 1.004-1.149, P = 0.037). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of Lac for predicting the incidence and mortality of sepsis-associated AKI was 0.653 (95% CI was 0.611-0.694) and 0.593 (95% CI was 0.530-0.656, both P < 0.01), respectively, and the cut-off values were 2.75 mmol/L (sensitivity was 57.8%, specificity was 69.2%) and 5.95 mmol/L (sensitivity was 56.7%, specificity was 83.7%). When the Lac ≥ 2.75 mmol/L, the risk of sepsis-associated AKI was 2.772 times higher than that of < 2.75 mmol/L ( OR = 2.772, 95% CI was 1.754-4.380, P < 0.001). When the Lac ≥ 5.95 mmol/L, the patients with sepsis-associated AKI had a 2.511 times higher risk of in-hospital death than those with Lac < 5.95 mmol/L ( OR = 2.511, 95% CI was 1.378-4.574, P = 0.003). Conclusions:Elevated Lac level is an independent risk factor for the incidence and mortality of sepsis-associated AKI. When Lac ≥ 2.75 mmol/L, the risk of AKI in patients with sepsis increased by 1.772 times; when Lac ≥ 5.95 mmol/L, the risk of in-hospital death in patients with sepsis related AKI increased by 1.511 times.

Objective:To investigate the effect of hyperuricemia on acute kidney injury in sepsis patients.Methods:It is a retrospective cohort study of 459 adult sepsis patients who were admitted to the Department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from March 2014 to June 2019, and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2017 to June 2019. The patients were divided into the hyperuricemia group and the non-hyperuricemia group according to the first serum uric acid level within 24 h after ICU admission, and the incidence of AKI within 7 days after ICU admission was compared between the two groups. The effect of hyperuricemia on sepsis-associated AKI was analyzed by univariate analysis and binary logistic regression analysis.Results:Among the 459 sepsis patients, 81 patients (17.6%) had hyperuricemia, and 127 patients (27.7%) had AKI. The incidence of AKI in the hyperuricemia group and the non-hyperuricemia group were 60.5% (49/81) and 20.6% (78/378), respectively, which showed significantly statistical difference ( χ2=52.954, P<0.01). After adjusting for gender, associated diseases (diabetes, coronary heart disease), sequential organ failure score (SOFA) on the day of ICU admission, the use of diuretics within one week before and after ICU admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, basal renal function, lactic acid, and procalcitonin, binary logistic regression analysis showed that hyperuricemia was an independent risk factor for AKI in sepsis patients ( OR=5.091, 95% CI: 2.768-9.362, P<0.01); For every 1 mg/dL increase in serum uric acid in sepsis patients, the risk of developing AKI increased by 28.4% ( OR=1.284, 95% CI: 1.165-1.414, P<0.01). Conclusions:AKI is a common complication in sepsis patients admitted to ICU, and hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for AKI in sepsis patients.

Osteoporosis （OP） and osteoarthritis （OA） are common bone diseases in clinic. OP is a systemic skeletal disease， and OA is a chronic degenerative joint disease with high prevalence and disability rates. With the advent of the aging population， the incidence rate of OA and OP is increasing year by year， and they have become common diseases of the elderly. The quality of life and physical and mental health of patients are severely affected by the above two bone diseases. Chinese medicine has a long history of treating bone diseases， with a good clinical effect on preventing and treating OP， OA， and other bone diseases with few side effects. It is one of the commonly used methods to treat bone diseases. Polysaccharides， as one of the active substances of Chinese medicine， have various pharmacological activities and a wide range of sources with low toxicity， and their effect cannot be ignored. The role of polysaccharides in the treatment of bone diseases has been deeply studied. It has been found that the mechanism of Chinese medicine polysaccharides in treating OP and OA involves multiple levels， targets， and pathways. Through the analysis and summary of the relevant literature on the mechanism of Chinese medicine polysaccharides in treating OP and OA， it was found that Chinese medicine polysaccharides mainly treated OP by regulating the bone dynamic balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts and affecting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and bone microstructure. The mechanism of Chinese medicine polysaccharides in the treatment of OA is related to the regulation of chondrocyte growth， the increase in the proteoglycan and collagen content in the cartilage matrix， and the reduction of oxygen free radical content and inflammatory mediator level. This study aimed to further explore the internal relationship among mechanisms of Chinese medicine polysaccharides in the treatment of bone diseases， to provide relevant ideas for the study of Chinese medicine polysaccharides in the treatment of bone diseases.

Objective:To investigate the effect of postoperative hypoalbuminemia on acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods:The clinical data of adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery under CPB were retrospectively analyzed. The difference between preoperative and postoperative serum albumin level was compared. The patients were divided into hypoalbuminemia group (≤35 g/L) and non-hypoalbuminemia group (>35 g/L) according to the lowest serum albumin concentration within 48 hours after surgery. The incidence and severity of postoperative AKI were compared between the two groups. Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the effect of postoperative hypoalbuminemia on the incidence of postoperative AKI.Results:Among the 749 patients, the serum albumin level after cardiac surgery was significantly lower than that before surgery ( Z=-15.739, P<0.001), and the proportion of patients with hypoalbuminemia increased from 9.6% to 27.6% ( χ2=83.516, P<0.001). Postoperative AKI occurred in 273 patients, including 109 cases (52.7%) in hypoalbuminemia group and 164 cases (30.3%) in non-hypoalbuminemia group. The incidence of AKI in hypoalbuminemia group was significantly higher than that in non-hypoalbuminemia group ( χ2=32.443, P<0.001), and the severity of AKI in hypoalbuminemia group increased than that in non-hypoalbuminemia group ( Z=-2.098, P=0.036), and the time of hospital stay extended ( Z=-2.442, P=0.015). After adjusted by gender, age, preoperative hypoalbuminemia, comorbidities (hypertension, hyperuricemia, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease), renal insufficiency, preoperative heart function, coronary angiography, CPB time, aorta blocking time, type of heart surgery and postoperative hypotension, binary logistic regression analysis revealed that postoperative hypoalbuminemia was an independent risk factor for CPB-associated AKI ( OR=2.319, 95% CI 1.586-3.392, P<0.001). Conclusions:AKI is a common complication following cardiac surgery under CPB. Serum albumin after CBP is significantly lower than that before CBP, and postoperative hypoalbuminemia within 48 hours after surgery is an independent risk factor for AKI.

OBJECTIVE：To optim ize the water extraction-ethanol precipitation technology of polysaccharide from Litchi chinensis seed，and to evaluate its hypoglycemic activity in vitro . METHODS ：The content of polysaccharides was determined by phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetry ，and the extraction rate of polysaccharides was calculated. Single factor test and response surface methodology were used to optimize the water extraction technology with the ratio of material to liquid ，extraction times and extraction time as factors ，and the extraction rate of polysaccharide as index. Single factor test was used to screen the concentration volume fraction of water extract and ethanol precipitation Using acarbose as contro l，4-nitrophenol-α-D-glucopyranoside method was used to investigate in vitro inhibitory activity of polysaccharide from L. chinensis seed to α-glucosidase. RESULTS ：The optimal technology was the ratio of material to liquid 1∶19 （g/mL），decocting for 3 times，1 h for each time ，concentrating the water extract to 40％ of original volume ，and adding ethanol to 80％ volume fraction. After deproteinization by Sevage method ，the crude polysaccharide of L. chinensis seed was obtained. The results of 3 times of validation tests showed that ，extraction rates of polysaccharide were 7.61％，7.89％，7.99％，average extraction rate was 7.83％（RSD＝2.52％，n＝3）. The contents of polysaccharide were 55.57％，55.83％ and 56.66％，average content was 56.02％（RSD＝1.81％，n＝3）. The inhibitory activity of the polysaccharide from L. chinensis seed to α-glucosidase were increased as concentration ；its IC 50 was 0.056 mg/mL，which was lower than positive control acarbose （0.196 mg/mL）. CONCLUSIONS：The optimal water extraction-ethanol precipitation technology of polysaccharide from L. chinensis seed is stable and feasible. The polysaccharide from L. chinensis seed show significant in vitro inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase，which is better than that of acarbose.