The authors have studied 30 section of head-hair with SEM in different part ofthe scalp,with or without dressing.The meterials were taken from 4 healthy men and 4 healthy women.Surface ultrastructure of the cuticle of the hair shaft are distinctly seen.Thecells of the outermost layer are in an imbricative arrangement.The arrangement ofimbrication may roughly be divieded into 6 types,namely,parallel local cross(intersect) local adhesive,mixed,loose and dense.There is no difference observed among different ages and sexes.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of T cell enzyme-linked immunospot (T-SPOT.TB) assay on extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients.Methods Thirty patients suffered from extrapulmonary mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) infection and 30 with non-MTB infection were recruited this study.T-SPOT.TB assay was used to detect early secreting antigen target-6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein-10(CFP-10) specific T cells in blood samples.PPD skin test was also used.Results (1)The positive rate of MTB detected by T-SPOT.TB assay was 91.89％ (34/37),higher than that of un-tuberculosis group (6.67 ％ (2/30)),and the difference was significant (x2 =48.403,P ＜ 0.001).(2) The sensitivity,specificity,positive prospective value and negative prospective value of T-SPOT.TB assay were 91.89％,93.33％,94.44％ and 90.32％ respectively,better than those of PPD skin test (67.57％,56.67％,65.79％,58.62％),and the differences were markedly (x2 =6.773,10.756,9.392,8.031 respectively ; P =0.009,0.001,0.002,0.005 respectively).Meanwhile T-SPOT.TB assay has low agreement with means of PPD skin test(Kappa =0.311,x2 =6.801,P =0.009).Conclusion T-SPOT.TB assay has a higher sensitivity and specificity in the rapid diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.Therefore,it is with great value and applicability as a screening test.

Post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI),refers to a range of clinical syndromes of cognitive impairment caused by stroke.Although its specific pathogenesis is still unclear,many studies have confirmed that endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria interaction has become a key hub for intracellular signal transduction and substance metabolism,and its regulation of various biological processes,such as Ca2+ balance,lipid metabolism,mitochondrial dynamics,autophagy,and neuroinflammation,is closely related to the development of PSCI.There-fore,in this paper,we will review the various functions of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial interactions and explore their specific roles in PSCI,in order to discover new therapeutic targets and provide new theoretical basis and references for the development of PSCI-targeted drugs in the future.

Extracellular matrix (ECM) components confer biomechanical properties, maintain cell phenotype and mediate tissue homeostasis. ECM remodeling is complex and plays a key role in both physiological and pathological processes. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of enzymes responsible for ECM degradation and have been accepted as a key regulator in ECM remodeling. In this mini-review, we summarize MMPs categories, functions and the targeted substrates. We then discuss current understanding of the role of MMPs-mediated events, including inflammation reaction, angiogenesis, cellular activities, etc., in ECM remodeling in the context of regenerative medicine.

The incidence of lung cancer in China ranks first and second among men and women respectively .Meanwhile, lung cancer is also the leading cause of death in malignant tumors in China .Surgical treatment is of great significance in impro-ving the prognosis of patients with lung cancer, and the number of related clinical trials is increasing year by year.Through a retrospective review of clinical trials in the field of lung cancer and thoracic surgery on the Clinicaltrials .gov platform, this arti-cle finds that relevant clinical trials focus on treatment , perioperative management and basic research.Although the clinical tri-als in China started late, they have developed rapidly and the number of clinical trials ranked second.In addition, there are some shortcomings in the clinical trials of China in terms of trial design and research scope , and there is still a gap between Chinese and foreign trials.

Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of α-hederin,an active ingredient in Fruc-tus Akebiae,on hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cells.Methods HCC cells were divided into four groups and treated with α-hederin(0,10,20,and 30 μmol·L-1)for 24 h and 48 h,respectively.MTT assays were used to detect the cell proliferation rate,flow cytometry(FCM)was used to detect the apoptotic rate,transcriptomics was used to screen signaling pathways in α-hederin-treated HCC cells,RNA interference was exploited to verify the underlying signaling pathway,and real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)and Western blotting(WB)were used to detect expression changes of the mRNA and protein of TP53(p53),PMAIP1(Noxa),and apoptosis-associated proteins,Caspase9 and Caspase3.Results α-Hederin induced apoptosis by activa-ting apoptosis-associated proteins,PARP,Caspase9 and Caspase3.Transcriptomics,qRT-PCR,and WB results also showed that α-hederin increased the mRNA and protein expression of p53 and Noxa.Furthermore,α-hederin inhibited the protein degradation of p53 and Noxa,reversing the apoptosis decrease in p53/Noxa siRNA-knocked-down HCC cells.In vivo results showed that α-hederin inhibited the growth of HCC tumors.Conclusion α-hederin may induce the apoptosis of HCC cells by activating and stabilizing the p53/Noxa signaling pathway.

Background: In suckling piglets, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) causes lethal diarrhea accompanied by high infection and mortality rates, leading to considerable economic losses. This study explored methods of preventing or inhibiting their production.Bovine antimicrobial peptide-13 (APB-13) has antibacterial, antiviral, and immune functions. Objectives: This study analyzed the efficacy of APB-13 against TGEV through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Methods: The effects of APB-13 toxicity and virus inhibition rate on swine testicular (ST) cells were detected using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). The impact of APB-13 on virus replication was examined through the 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50 ). The mRNA and protein levels were investigated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot (WB). Tissue sections were used to detect intestinal morphological development. Results: The safe and effective concentration range of APB-13 on ST cells ranged from 0 to 62.5 µg/mL, and the highest viral inhibitory rate of APB-13 was 74.1%. The log10 TCID50 of 62.5 µg/mL APB-13 was 3.63 lower than that of the virus control. The mRNA and protein expression at 62.5 µg/mL APB-13 was significantly lower than that of the virus control at 24 hpi. Piglets in the APB-13 group showed significantly lower viral shedding than that in the virus control group, and the pathological tissue sections of the jejunum morphology revealed significant differences between the groups. Conclusions APB-13 exhibited good antiviral effects on TGEV invivo and in vitro.

Objective:To investigate the molecular pathogenesis of a newly discovered gene mutation in a family with hereditary coagulation factor Ⅺ(FⅪ) deficiency.Methods:The proband was admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University in September 2021 due to "calculus of intrahepatic duct". The patient had no symptoms of spontaneous bleeding.The clinical data and blood samples of the proband and her family members (10 persons in 3 generations) were collected.The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and FⅪ activity (FⅪ:C) were performed by the one-stage clotting assay. FⅪ antigen (FⅪ:Ag) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood cells of subjects was used as template to analyze F11 gene mutation by DNA direct sequencing. Bioinformatics software was used to analyze the effects of mutations on protein structure and function. Wild-type and mutant FⅪ protein expression vectors were constructed and transient transfected into HEK293T cells. The total RNA was extracted from positive transfected cells and then reversely transcribed into cDNA. The mRNA expression level of F11 gene in transfected cells was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The content of FⅪ:Ag and the expression of FⅪ protein in transfected cell lysates and culture supernatant were detected by ELISA and western blot.Results:The APTT of the proband was significantly prolonged to 107.9s (reference range 29.0-43.0s), while FⅪ:C and FⅪ:Ag were significantly decreased to 2% (reference range 84%-122%) and 5% (reference range 76%-127%), respectively. Gene sequencing analysis indicated that the proband had c.536C>T (p.Thr161Met) heterozygous missense mutation and c.1556G>A (p.Trp501Ter) heterozygous nonsense mutation in exon 6 and 13 of the F11 gene, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the amino acids at site 161 of FⅪ protein were threonine (Thr) in the matrix composed of five different species, indicating that Thr161 site was highly conserved among homologous genes in different species. p.Thr161Met heterozygous mutation affected the stability of local intermolecular structure of FⅪ protein. In vitro expression experiments of p.Thr161Met mutation showed that FⅪ protein had a normal synthesis in the cells but secretion dysfunction.Conclusions:c.536C>T (p.Thr161Met) heterozygous missense mutation and c.1556G>A (p.Trp501Ter) heterozygous nonsense mutation were mainly responsible for the decrease of FⅪ in this family. p.Thr161Met mutation was first reported in the world and did not affect the normal synthesis of FⅪ protein, but caused secretion dysfunction.

To conduct the association between vitamin B12 and mental health in children and adolescents. Five databases were searched for observational studies in any language reporting on mental health and vitamin B12 levels or intake in children and adolescents from inception to March 18, 2022. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed study quality. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of data were performed. The review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022345476). Fifty six studies containing 37,932 participants were identified in the review. Vitamin B12 levels were lower in participants with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (standardized mean difference [SMD], −1.61;95% confidence interval [95% CI], −2.44 to −0.79; p ＜ 0.001), attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (SMD, −0.39; 95% CI, −0.78 to −0.00; p = 0.049) compared with control group. Vitamin B12 intake were lower in participants with ASDs (SMD, −0.86; 95% CI, −1.48 to −0.24; p = 0.006) compared with control group, but showed no difference between depression group (SMD, −0.06; 95% CI, −0.15 to 0.03; p = 0.17) and the control group. Higher vitamin B12 intake were associated with lower risk of depression (odds ratio [OR], 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63−0.98; p = 0.034) and behavioral problems (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.69−0.99; p = 0.04). The vast majority of included studies supported potential positive influence of vitamin B12 on mental health, and vitamin B12 deficiency may be a reversible cause for some mental health disorders in children and adolescents.