AIM: To study the effects of guava polysaccharides on blood glucose level and antioxidant activity in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. METHODS: The animal model of diabetes was established by injecting alloxan into mice abdominal cavity.The mice were divided into five groups: normal control group,diabetic model group,guava polysaccharides group I,guava polysaccharides group II,glybenclamide group.Blood glucose level was determined with blood glucose monitor 3 d and 10 d after being given polysaccharides.The mice were anaesthetized and killed on the tenth day.Activity of SOD and concentration of MDA in blood serum and liver were determined. RESULTS: Compared with diabetic model group,the blood glucose level of guava polysaccharides group I and guava polysaccharides group II significantly decreased.Activity of T-SOD in blood serum and liver significantly increased,while concentration of MDA in blood serum and liver significantly decreased. CONCLUSION: Guava polysaccharides can significantly decrease blood glucose level and improve the antioxidant activity of diabetic mice.lt is a potential hypoglycemic agent.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value and toxicities of docetaxel plus capecitabine in the first-line treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC),and compare the outcomes among different molecular subtypes.Methods A total of 108 patients with MBC who received docetaxel plus capecitabine combination treatment between January 1,2012 and December 31,2015 in Bejing Chaoyang District Sanhuan Cancer Hospital were retrospectively analyzed,and 104 cases were available for evaluation.The clinicopathological characteristics,clinical value and toxicities of these patients were evaluated.Results The patients were divided into 3 molecular subtypes,among 104 patients,85 patients in Luminal subtype,14 patients in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype,and 5 patients in human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) over expression subtype.The treatment achieved objective responses (OR) in 55 patients (52.9％),and the disease control rate (DCR) was 88.5％,including complete response (CR) in 4 patients,partial response (PR) in 51 patients,stable disease (SD) in 37 patients,and progressive disease (PD) in 12 patients.In Luminal subtype,4 patients achieved CR,43 PR,33 SD,and 5 PD.In TNBC subtype,6 patients achieved PR,3 SD,5 PD.In the HER-2 over expression subtype,2 patients achieved PR,1 SD,2 PD.There was no significant difference in the short-term therapeutic effect among 3 molecular subtypes (x2 =4.429,P =0.106).As a result,the progression-free survival (PFS) of the 104 patients was 1.5-121.0 months,and the median PFS was 10.0 months.The median PFS was 11.0 months in Luminal subtype,4.0 months in TNBC subtype and 10.3 months in HER-2 over expression subtype,with a significant difference (x2 =7.510,P =0.006).The most common adverse events were hand-foot syndrome (HFS),nausea or vomiting,neutropenia,anaemia,diarrhea and so on.The incidence of grade 2/3 HFS was 44.2％ (46/104),and the grade 3/4 neutropenia was 39.4％ (41/104).Conclusion The first-line treatment of MBC using docetaxel plus capecitabine is effective,and the toxicities can be tolerable,especially in the Luminal subtype.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the reasons and treatments of recurrent or residual cholesteatoma in middle ears after operations. METHOD: The clinical data of 102 cases (105 ears) with recurrent or residual cholesteatoma was retrospectively analyzed. RESULT: The main reason of recurrent or residual cholesteatoma is incomplete removal of cholesteatoma in the former operations or obstructive drainage of middle ears after operations. Twenty ears healed through cleaning with otoendoscope. Eighty-five ears underwent the second operations of radical mastoidectomy including 23 tympanoplasty meanwhile. The air-conductive auditory threshold of them all decreased more than 15 dBHL. CONCLUSION For the ears with low facial ridges and non-obstructive drainage of mastoid, tympanic antrum and tympanic cavity, its possible to be cured through cleaning with otoendoscope. For those with high facial ridges and obstructive drainage , it's essential to perform the second operations of radical mastoidectomy and some of them are suitable for tympanoplasty meanwhile.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of irinotecan combined with capecitabine or tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil potassium in the second-line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. Methods The clinical data of 19 patients with advanced colorectal cancer who were admitted to the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College from October 2014 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, and these patients failed the first-line chemotherapy regimen. All patients were treated with irinotecan plus capecitabine or tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil potassium. The patient's short-term efficacy, adverse reactions, progression-free survival, and overall survival were analyzed. Results After treatment, the efficacy in 18 of the 19 patients with advanced colorectal cancer was evaluable, including partial remission in 3 patients, stable disease in 13 patients, and disease progression in 2 patients. The objective remission rate was 16.7％ (3/18), the disease control rate was 88.9％ (16/18), the median progression-free survival time was 7.6 months, and the median overall survival time was 23.3 months. All of the patients were well tolerated , and the grade 4 adverse reaction was presented as grade 4 neutropenia (1 case), grade 3 leukopenia (2 cases) and thrombocytopenia (1 case), grade 2 diarrhea (1 case), and grade 1 diarrhea (3 cases), and grade 1-2 liver injury (3 cases) and nephrotoxicity (2 cases). Conclusion Irinotecan combined with capecitabine or tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil potassium in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer is effective and safe, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective:To observe the short-term efficacy and safety of apatinib in combination with dose-dense paclitaxel and carboplatin in locally advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients.Methods:From September 2018 to September 2019, 17 stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ TNBC patients were enrolled in this single arm, single center prospective phase Ⅱ study. They received neoadjuvant treatment of apatinib 250 mg per day, paclitaxel 175 mg/m 2 on 1 st day and a dose of carboplatin according to the area under curve (AUC)=4 on 2 nd day, every 14 days as a cycle. Results:By January 2020, 16 cases completed 4-7 cycles of apatinib treatment and 4-8 cycles of chemotherapy. The median cycles of apatinib treatment and chemotherapy were 5 cycles and 6 cycles, respectively. Two cases achieved complete responses (CR), 12 achieved partial responses (PR), 2 achieved stable diseases (SD) and no progressive disease was observed. The objective response rate (ORR) was 87.5%, disease control rate (DCR) was 100%. By January 2020, among 12 patients who received surgery, 8 achieved pathologic complete response (pCR, 66.7%). The grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ adverse events included: neutropenia, thrombocytopenia in 3 cases (18.8%) each, anemia, fatigue, arrhythmia and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation in 1 case each. Apatinib was interrupted in 5 cases, and was discontinued in 3 cases; chemotherapy dosage was reduced in 1 case.Conclusion:Apatinib in combination with dose-dense paclitaxel and carboplatin neoadjuvant therapy are effective and well tolerated in locally advanced TNBC patients.

Objective:To observe the short-term efficacy and safety of apatinib in combination with dose-dense paclitaxel and carboplatin in locally advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients.Methods:From September 2018 to September 2019, 17 stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ TNBC patients were enrolled in this single arm, single center prospective phase Ⅱ study. They received neoadjuvant treatment of apatinib 250 mg per day, paclitaxel 175 mg/m 2 on 1 st day and a dose of carboplatin according to the area under curve (AUC)=4 on 2 nd day, every 14 days as a cycle. Results:By January 2020, 16 cases completed 4-7 cycles of apatinib treatment and 4-8 cycles of chemotherapy. The median cycles of apatinib treatment and chemotherapy were 5 cycles and 6 cycles, respectively. Two cases achieved complete responses (CR), 12 achieved partial responses (PR), 2 achieved stable diseases (SD) and no progressive disease was observed. The objective response rate (ORR) was 87.5%, disease control rate (DCR) was 100%. By January 2020, among 12 patients who received surgery, 8 achieved pathologic complete response (pCR, 66.7%). The grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ adverse events included: neutropenia, thrombocytopenia in 3 cases (18.8%) each, anemia, fatigue, arrhythmia and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation in 1 case each. Apatinib was interrupted in 5 cases, and was discontinued in 3 cases; chemotherapy dosage was reduced in 1 case.Conclusion:Apatinib in combination with dose-dense paclitaxel and carboplatin neoadjuvant therapy are effective and well tolerated in locally advanced TNBC patients.