Objective To observe the role of abatacept in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy in rats. Methods Type 2 diabetic nephropathy rat model was established, and was randomly divided into abatacept group and non-intervention group, 15 each. 15 normal rats were served as control group ( NC) . The abatacept group was given abatacept for 8 weeks. The control group was set at the same time period. Then the blood biochemical indexes, blood flow parameters of renal main artery, elasticity of renal parenchymal, HE staining of renal parenchymal and ultrastructure of podocytes were all evaluated. The expression of CD31, CD34, podocin, nephrin, and B7-1 in renal parenchyma were detected. Results Compared to the NC group, the fasting blood glucose, creatinine clearance rate, urine albumin excretion rate, and kidney hypertrophy index in the non-intervention and abatacept groups were significantly increased (P<0. 05);creatinine clearance rate, urine albumin excretion rate, and kidney hypertrophy index in the abatacept group were significantly lower compared to the non-intervention group (P<0. 05). There were significant differences in peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, and mean velocity among these 3 groups, and these differences were ranked as non-intervention groupabatacept>control groups (P<0. 05). There were significant differences in the stiffness of kidneys among these three groups, with the differences ranked as non-intervention>abatacept>control groups (P<0. 05). HE staining and transmission electron microscope observation showed that there were obvious changes in the renal parenchyma of rats in the non-intervention group and the abatacept group, and the changes of kidney in the non-intervention group were worse than those in the abatacept group. CD31 and CD34 expression in kidney parenchyma of rats in the abatacept group and non-intervention group were higher than those in the control group, the abatacept group and non-intervention group>the control group (P<0. 05), while no significant differences between the abatacept group and non-intervention group in CD31 and CD34 expression (P>0. 05). There were significant differences in podocin and nephrin expression in kidney parenchyma of rats among these three groups, and these differences were ranked as the control>abatacept>non-intervention groups (P<0. 05). There were significant differences in B7-1 expression in kidney parenchyma of rats among these three groups, and these differences were ranked as the control

Objective To explore the feasibility of the promoting effect of ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction(UTMD) on establishment of type Ⅰ diabetic nephropathy in rats.Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups(n =10):control group(group A),streptozocin group(group B),streptozocin and ultrasound microbubble group(group C) and streptozocin and UTMD group(group D).The fasting blood-glucose (FBG) were tested,the 24 h's urine were collected and the 24 h's urine mieroalbumin(mAlb) were measured and then urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER) were calculated twice a week at fixed time in all groups.When greater than 3-fold increase in UAER compared with controls at the same age and gender,the diabetic nephropathy model in rats was considered to be established successfully,then the change of time and weighed were recorded and rats were killed and collected the blood of left atrial appendage to measure,blood urea nitrogen (BUN),serum creatinine (SCr) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT).The left kidneys were weighted and then observed glomerular pathological changes under light microscope and detected the expression of CD34 in kidney of rats in each group by immunohistochemical method.Results ①The time of establishing diabetic nephropathy model in group D was obviously shorter than that in group B and C (all P ＜ 0.05).The FBG,the kidney index,UAER,BUN and Scr values in group B,C and D were significantly higher than those in group A(all P ＜0.05),but ALT had no significant change among each groups(all P ＞0.05).②The pathological changes of diabetic nephropathy appeared in rats of group B,C and D;the expression of CD34 in B,C and D groups were raised.Conclusions UTMD can obviously shorten the molding time of type Ⅰ diabetic nephropathy rats,which has feasibility.