Objective To investigate clinical features of vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS).Methods Clinical data were collected from patients with VLS in Department of Dermatology of Beijing Hospital,and analyzed retrospectively with respect to age,duration of disease,medical history,complications,clinical symptoms and signs,and features of skin lesions.Results A total of 129 patients with VLS were enrolled into this study from March 2016 to February 2017.The age of onset in these patients presented a normal distribution,with the highest frequency at the age range of 25-30 years.Of the 129 patients,only 18 (14％) developed VLS after menopause,and 12 (9.3％) were complica1ed by autoimmune diseases,especially thyroid diseases.Pruritus was reported as the main symptom in 122 (94.6％) of the 129 patients,and 51 (60％) reported that their sexual life had been affected.Labia minora was the most commonly involved site in 92 (71.3％)patients,but unilateral labia majus was rarely involved.The most common skin lesion was hypopigmentation (92.2％,119/129),followed by lichenification (55.0％,71/129) and skin atrophy (40.3％,52/129).Patients with skin atrophy had significantly longer duration of disease than those without skin atrophy (Z =3.124,P =0.002),and the incidence of skin atrophy was lower in the patients who had been treated with topical glucocorticoids or calcineurin inhibitors than those who had not received these treatment (x2 =5.074,P =0.024).Conclusions VLS is more common in women of childbearing age than in postmenopausal women,and basically characterized by pruritus and hypopigmentation.VLS commonly involves bilateral labia minora,and usually affects sexual life.

Objective:To analyze changes in melanocyte density and epidermal thickness in vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) lesions.Methods:Vulvar skin tissues were collected from 15 adult female patients with VLS in Department of Dermatology, Beijing Hospital from June to December in 2018. According to pathological manifestations, 15 skin lesions were divided into early-stage VLS group ( n = 7) and late-stage VLS group ( n = 8) , and subjected to immunofluorescent staining. Then, density of melanocytes, and thickness of the whole epidermis and cell layers (from the bottom of the stratum corneum to the bottom of the basal layer) were calculated by using an image analysis software. Normal vulvar skin tissues were obtained from 15 healthy adult females after vulvar plastic surgery in Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and served as control group. Results:The density of melanocytes in the epidermis was significantly lower in the early-stage VLS group (0.170 ± 0.071) and late-stage VLS group (0.110 ± 0.035) than in the control group (0.275 ± 0.036; F = 36.426, P < 0.001) . There was no significant difference in the thickness of the whole epidermis among the early-stage VLS group (203.682 ± 137.997 μm) , late-stage VLS group (150.020 ± 70.914 μm) and control group (194.030 ± 82.996 μm; F = 0.738, P = 0.487) . The thickness of cell layers did not differ between the early-stage VLS group (154.603 ± 121.984 μm) and control group (176.974 ± 80.296 μm; P = 0.899) , but was significantly thinner in the late-stage VLS group (83.455 ± 37.129 μm) than in the control group ( P = 0.003) . Conclusions:The density of epidermal melanocytes decreased in the early-stage and late-stage VLS skin lesions. Compared with the normal skin tissues, the early-stage VLS lesions showed no significant changes in the thickness of the whole epidermis and cell layers, but the late-stage VLS lesions showed decreased thickness of cell layers.

Objective To analyze special histopathological characteristics of melanocytic nevi and their associations with age,gender,anatomical locations and pathological subtypes.Methods Clinical and histopathological data were collected from 1 011 patients with melanocytic nevi,who visited Beijing Hospital from January 2005 to January 2019,and analyzed retrospectively.Statistical analysis was carried out by using chi-square test for comparing enumeration data,and t test for comparing measurement data.Results Among the 1 011 patients with melanocytic nevi,the age at the clinic visit was 40.90 + 19.19years,and there were 289 males and 722 females.Lesional (biopsy) sites included the trunk (402 cases,39.8％),face and neck (268 cases,26.5％),extremities (138 cases,13.6％),hands and feet (133 cases,13.2％),scalp (53 cases,5.2％) and vulva (17 cases,1.7％).Pathological subtypes included intradermal nevus (580 cases,57.4％),compound nevus (333 cases,32.9％) and junctional nevus (98 cases,9.7％).Among special histopathological characteristics,neuralization and adipose cell hyperplasia were observed in 172 (17.0％) and 155 (15.3％) cases respectively,and the prevalence of neuralization and adipose cell hyperplasia was significantly higher in female patients than in male patients,higher in elderly patients than in young patients,and higher on the scalp than on the other sites (all P ＜ 0.05);vascular proliferation was observed in 313 (31.0％) cases,and more commonly occurred on the scalp than on the other sites (P＜0.05);nevus cells distributed along the hair follicles/sebaceous glands were observed in 502 (49.7％)cases,and more commonly seen on the face and neck than on the other sites (P ＜ 0.05);nevus cell lysis occurred in 203 (20.1％) cases,and fissures were observed in 384 (38.0％).All the above histopathological characteristics were more frequently observed in the intradermal nevus subtype than in the compound nevus subtype (all P＜0.05).Nevus cells distributed along the blood vessels were observed in 20 (2.0％) cases,and more commonly seen on the extremities than on the trunk,hands and feet (P ＜ 0.05),as well as in the compound nevus subtype than in the intradermal nevus subtype (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There are many special histopathological characteristics in melanocytic nevi,such as neuralization,adipose cell hyperplasia,vascular proliferation,and nevus cells distributed along the hair follicles/sebaceous glands,which are associated with patients' age,gender,lesional locations and histopathological subtypes.

Objective To investigate clinical features of vulvar lichen simplex chronicus (VLSC).Methods Clinical data were collected from 137 VLSC patients who visited a Vulvar Clinic in the Department of Dermatology,Beijing Hospital from 2017 to 2018,and analyzed retrospectively.Non-normally distributed measurement data (age and disease duration) were described as median (P25,P75),and analyzed by using rank sum test,and enumeration data were compared by using chi-square test.Results Among the 137 patients with VLSC,the age at onset was 32.0 (25.5,40.0) years,and the disease duration was 36.0 (15.0,72.0) months.Thirty-two (23.4％) patients had a history of atopic diseases,and the age at onset of VLSC was significantly lower in these patients with a history of atopic diseases (29.5 [25.0,35.8]years) than in those without a history of atopic diseases (33.0 [27.0,41.0] years,Z =2.03,P =0.042).The most frequently involved site was the labia majora (130/137,94.9％),and the labia minora was rarely involved (13/137,9.5％).Bilateral lesions were observed in 103 (75.2％) patients,and hypopigmentation occurred in 8 (5.8％) patients.All the patients experienced itching to different extents,including moderate itching in 44 (32.1％) cases and severe itching in 80 (58.4％).The ratio of patients with severe itching to those with disease duration ＞ 2 years (68.1％) was significantly higher than that of patients with severe itching to those with disease duration ＜ 2 years (47.7％,x2 =5.830,P =0.016).Patients reported that local wetness and sweating (55 cases,40.1％),spicy diet (41 cases,29.9％) and mental stress (36 cases,26.3％) could aggravate itching,Conclusions VLSC commonly occurs in patients aged 20-39 years,and atopic predisposition may be an important factor for VLSC.VLSC mostly involves bilateral labia majora,and the longer the disease duration,the more severe the itching.