To develop a more efficient antithrombotic way after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), the anticoagulant effects were compared of human tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) gene transfection and aspirin oral administration (traditional method) on vein grafts. An eukaryotic expression plasmid pCMV-(Kozak) TFPI was prepared. Animal model of carotid artery bypass grafting was constructed. In operation, endothelial cells of vein grafts in TFPI group and empty plasmid control group were transfected with pCMV-(Kozak) TFPI and empty plasmid pCMV respectively, while no transfection was conducted in aspirin control group. After operation, aspirin (2 mg.kg(-1).(-1)) was administered (i.g.) in aspirin control group. Three days later, grafts (n=10) were harvested for RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses of exogenous gene expression and for pathological, scanning electron microscopic observation of thrombus. Thirty days later, the patency rates of remnant grafts (n=10) were recorded by vessel Doppler ultrasonography. Human TFPI gene products were detected in gene transferred vein grafts. Three days later, thrombi were found in 7 animals of aspirin control group and in 8 animals of empty plasmid control group, but in only 1 of TFPI group (P<0.01). Thirty days later, 5 grafts were occluded in empty plasmid control group, but none of grafts was occluded in the other groups (P<0.05). The endothelial surfaces of grafts in both of the control groups were covered with aggregated erythrocytes and platelets, and it were not seen in TFPI group. It was suggested that the anticoagulant effects on vein grafts of human TFPI gene transfection are better than those of aspirin.
Administration, Oral ; Anticoagulants/*metabolism ; Aspirin/*administration & dosage ; Aspirin/metabolism ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Disease Models, Animal ; Lipoproteins/*metabolism ; Plasmids/metabolism ; Tissue Transplantation/*methods ; Transfection ; Ultrasonography, Doppler/methods ; Veins/*transplantation ; Venous Thrombosis/metabolism

Objective: To summarize the effect of modified David technique on acute type A aortic dissection sinus formation. Methods: From March 2018 to September 2018, modified David technique was applied to aortic sinus remodeling in acute A-type aortic dissection in 19 patients, 13 males and 6 females. The age was 45-67(50.42±15.37) years old and the weight was 45-112(60.32±25.18) kg. Single sinus(noncoronary sinus) was repaired in 15 cases, double sinus formation(noncoronary sinus+ right coronary sinus+ coronary artery transplantation) in 2 cases, left sinus Florid sleeve technical treatment plus double sinus formation(noncoronary sinus+ right coronary sinus+ coronary artery transplantation) in 1 case, Single sinus(noncoronary sinus) repaired and aortic vavle replacement in 1 case. Frozen elephant trunk and total arch replacement in 13 cases, hemiarch replacement in 3 cases. Results: There were no deaths in this group. The cardiopulmonary bypass time was 176-245(193.27±32.46) minutes, the aortic cross clamp time was 105-187(122.36±18.57)minutes, and the operation time was 6.5-11.0(7.63±1.31) hours. The mechanical ventilation time was 18-122(48.27±34.73)hours, the intensive care unit stay time was 2-10(5.35±2.62) days, and the postoperative hospital stay was 7-22(12.63±3.25)days. There was no delayed sternal closure during operation, and there was no secondary thoracotomy after operation. One patient developed a transient advanced atrioventricular block. Transient neurological dysfunction was observed in 5 patients. All patients were followed up for more than half a year. The color Doppler echocardiography and computed tomography angiograph(CTA)showed no aortic regurgitation or residual dissection. Conclusion The application of modified David technique in the remodeling of aortic root sinus in acute type A aortic dissection is an effective technique with relatively simple process, which is worth promoting.

Recently, returning straw to the fields has been proved as a direct and effective method to tackle soil nutrient loss and agricultural pollution. Meanwhile, the slow decomposition of straw may harm the growth of the next crop. This study aimed to determine the effects of rumen microorganisms (RMs) on straw decomposition, bacterial microbial community structure, soil properties, and soil enzyme activity. The results showed that RMs significantly enhanced the degradation rate of straw in the soil, reaching 39.52%, which was 41.37% higher than that of the control on the 30th day after straw return. After 30 d, straw degradation showed a significant slower trend in both the control and the experimental groups. According to the soil physicochemical parameters, the application of rumen fluid expedited soil matter transformation and nutrient buildup, and increased the urease, sucrase, and cellulase activity by 10%‒20%. The qualitative analysis of straw showed that the hydroxyl functional group structure of cellulose in straw was greatly damaged after the application of rumen fluid. The analysis of soil microbial community structure revealed that the addition of rumen fluid led to the proliferation of Actinobacteria with strong cellulose degradation ability, which was the main reason for the accelerated straw decomposition. Our study highlights that returning rice straw to the fields with rumen fluid inoculation can be used as an effective measure to enhance the biological value of recycled rice straw, proposing a viable solution to the problem of sluggish straw decomposition.
Animals ; Rumen/metabolism* ; Agriculture/methods* ; Soil/chemistry* ; Microbiota ; Bacteria/metabolism* ; Oryza/metabolism* ; Soil Microbiology ; Cellulose