Objective To analyze the clinical feature and its risk factors on 112 episodes of urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with lupus nephritis. Methods 112 episodes of UTI in patients with lupus nephritis in our department during the past 5 years were reviewed retrospectively. Epidemiological data and information on urinary symptoms, disease activity (SLEDAI) , leukocyte and platelet data were collected. Autoantibodies, complement levels, urine culture, and antibiogram were determined. Urological studies were carried out. The use of corticosteroids and (or) immunodepressive were also investigated. Results The prevalence of UTI in lupus nephritis patients was 36.5% , and complexity infection(58%) was the main UTI . Symptomatic UTI was 62% , and symptomless UTI was 38% . The mean SLEDAI score was 15.7(SD3.05) , which influenced the onset of UTI (P1/100 IU/ml, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia (P

Objective To assess the effectiveness of tension-free vaginal tape obturator tape(TVT-O)as treatment of SUI by means of a systematic review and meta analysis.Methods Using the search terms"TVT,TVT-O,SUI,RCT,TOT",the literature in Chinese and English from January 2001 tO March 2007 on the difference of TVT and TVT-O was searched from MEDLINE,PUBMED,EMBASE,Google Scholar,CNKI,WAN FANG DATA,and criteria randomized controlled trials(RCTs)were studied by Meta-analysis in RevMan 4.2.At the same time,Ors of randomized model and fixed model were calculated tO evaluate the sensitivity.Results There were six RCTs that compared TVT-O with TVT.When compared by Subjective cure,TVT-O at 1-17 months were no better than TVT(OR 0.67;95% CI 0.40,1.13).Adverse events such as bladder injuries (OR 0.15;95% CI 0.03,0.66)was less common,where as groin/thigh pain(OR 8.61;95% CI3.03,24.52)was more common;but there were rio significant difference in de novo urgency(OR=1.16;95% CI 0.54,2.47),urinary retention(OR=0.54;95% CI 0.24,1.20)or urinary tract infection(OR=1.07;95% CI 0.61,1.87)between the tWO groups.Conclusions There is no significant difference between TVT and TVT-O.TVT-O group had no bladder injuries complications,but groin/thigh pain was more common.

Objective To analyse distribution and antibacterial resistance of common pathogenic bacteria of clinical infectious diseases and provide scientific basis for the treatment of infectious diseases ,rational use of antibacterial agents and nosocomial infec‐tion control .Methods The distribution and antibacterial resistance of common pathogens clinically isolated from inpatients and out‐patients from August 2012 to July 2013 were analyzed .Bacterial identification and drug susceptibility test were carried out by using MicroScan WorkAway 40 automated bacterial identification and drug‐susceptibility analyzer ,and the results of drug susceptibility test were analysed by using the WHONET5 .5 software .Results A total of 1 434 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated ,and gram‐negative bacteria ,gram‐positive bacteria and other pathogenic bacteria accounted for 53 .8% ,28 .1% and 18 .1% respectively . The detection rate of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin‐resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus were 31 .6% and 57 .4% respectively .No strains of vancomycin‐resistant Staphylococcus were found ,while strains of vancomycin‐resist‐ant Enterococcus faecium accounted for 8 .8% .The detection rate of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamases producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 47 .2% and 12 .2% respectively .Isolates of Staphylococcus and Enterococcus faecium were sensi‐tive to vancomycin ,linezolid and moxifloxacin ,and the resistance rates were less than 10 .0% .While isolates of Staphylococcus were resistant to the penicillin ,macrolides ,quinolones ,tetracycline ,cephalosporin ,and the resistance rates were more than 30 .0% .Most isolates of gram‐negative bacteria were sensitive to ertapenem ,imipenem ,amikacin ,meropenem ,piperacillin/tazobactam ,ticarcillin/clavulanic acid and levofloxacin ,and the resistance rates were less than 10 .0% .Conclusion It is necessary to enhance monitoring of distribution and antibacterial resistance of pathogenic bacteria ,so as to provide references for guiding rational use of antibacterial a‐gents in different departments .

Objective To investigate the effects of glycyrrhizin-18? on the expressions of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and transforming growth factor-?1 (TGF-?1) in renal interstitium in rats with obstructive nephropathy. Methods A total of 100 Wistar rats were divided into experiment group (include prophylaxis group with glycyrrhizin-18?, glycyrrhizin-18? treatment group, and group with normal saline) and control group (sham operation group). Models of rats with obstructive nephropathy were established by unilateral ureteral ligation. The rats were sacrificed at 7, 14, 28, and 56 d after operation and specimens were taken from the renal cortex. The morphopathological changes in the renal interstitium were observed byr light and electron microscopy. CTGF, TGF-?1, and collagen type Ⅲ were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The measured data were evaluated by EIG image analysis system. Results In the renal interstitium, there was progressive fibrosis in the model. Semi-quantitative analysis indicated that the expression levels of CTGF, TGF-?1, and collagen type Ⅲ in the renal interstitium in glycyrrhizin-18? treatment and prophylaxis groups were markedly higher than those in the sham operation group (P0.05). The expression of CTGF in the renal interstitium was closely correlated with those of TGF-?1 and collagen type Ⅲ (P

Objective To conduct a prospective,randomly controlled trial,evaluating the combination of tacrolimus,corticosteroids and entecavir for the treatment of adult patients with biopsyproven hepatitis B virus-associated membrane nephropathy (HBV-MN).Methods A total of 38 patients with biopsy-confirmed HBV-MN were randomized to the tacrolimus group (n=19) and the control group (n=19).Patients in tacrolimus group received combination therapy of tacrolimus (0.05 mg·kg-1 · d-1),corticosteroids (prednisone acetate,0.5 mg· kg-1 · d-1) and entecavir (0.5 mg/d),whereas patients in control group received entecavir mono-therapy (0.5 mg/d).The primary end point was the percentage of patients reaching complete remission (CR) or partial remission (PR).Results The probability of remission in the treatment group was 88.89％ and 94.44％ after 6 and 12 months,but only 38.89％ and 58.82％ in the control group,respectively.The decrease in proteinuria was significantly greater in the treatment group.Entecavir was used for the treatment of hepatitis in all patients,which caused the disappearance of serum hepatitis B viral DNA(HBV-DNA) and the normalization of ALT and AST levels in 3 months.Notably,two patients in the control group and one patient in the treatment group reached the secondary end point.One patient in the tacrolimus-treated group showed a relapse during the taper period.Conclusion This treatment protocol not only can control the replication of HBV-DNA but also can reduce proteinuria and preserve renal function,it is one of useful therapeutic options for patients with HBV-MN.

Objective To investigate the changes of miR-301a and its host gene expression SKA2 in LNCaP prostate cancer xenografts in the castrated nude mice.Methods LNCaP cells were inoculated subcutaneously in nude mice to establish xenograft models of human prostate cancer.When the tumor volume grew to 200 mm3,the nude mice were randomly divided into the following 4 groups(n =6): 2 groups of nude mice to surgical castration,the other 2 groups of mice as control groups.The growth of those xnografts in nude mice was observed weekly and a growth curve of the xenografts was drawn.A point time during the process of tumor-regressing was selected when a group of castrated nude mice and a group of control mice were killed(the first time).The other 2 groups nude mice were continued to be observed.Another point time in the process of tumor re-growth,the rest castrated nude mice and control mice were killed(the second time).The tumors were weighted and the inhibitory rate was calculated.MiR-301a and SKA2 expression were detected by real-time PCR.Results The growth of the xenografts gradually decreased in LNCaP xenografts in nude mice after castration.After 13 days,the xenografls sizes decreased to(62.5 ±21.5)mm3 and tumor inhibitory rate was 59.8％(t =-3.895,P =0.018)in castration group of nude mice.At the 17th day after castration,tumor volume reached the minimum,and then gradually increased.At the 41st day after castration,tumor volumes in castration group increased to(364.5 ±97.3)mm3 and the tumor inhibitory rate was 62.2％(t =-7.017,P =0.002).MiR-301a and SKA2 in the first time of xenografts from the castrated group were both significantly lower than those of the control group(0.65-fold and 0.50-fold,respectively).However,their expressions in the second time of xenografts from the castrated group increased and were consistent with the control group(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Castration could turn prostate cancer xenografts from androgen-dependent into androgen-independent.There could be a close correlation between the characteristic of prostate cancer androgen-dependent and the expressions of miR-301 a and host gene SKA2.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects and molecular mechanism of endoplasmic reticalam stress (ERS) on albumin-induced apoptosis in renal proximal tubular cells (HKCs). MethodsWestern blot was performed to detect the relationship of the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRF78) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP) with the action time and concentration of haman serum albumin (HSA). Expression levels of CHPO mRNA and protein in HKCs after CHOP siRNA transfection were examined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot respectively. Annexin-V-FITC and PI doable staining cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of HKCs induced by HSA and influenced by CHOP siRNA. Results(1)After HKCs were stimulatde by 0, 5, 10, 20 g/L albumin for 24 hours respectively, the expression of GRP78, CHOP and HKCs apoptosis were increased with the albumin concentration (P<0.01). After HKCs were stimulated by 20 g/L albumin for 0, 6, 12, 24, 36 hours respectively, the expression of GRP78 was up-regulated at 6-hour, while CHOP and HKCs apoptosis were increased at 12-hour, and significant differences were found among groups (P<0.01). (2) CHOP siRNA significantly inhibited albumin-induced HKC CHOP mRNA and protein expression, as well as HKC apoptosis (P<0.01). ConclusionsRenal tubular cells exposed to high protein load result in EBS. ERS may subsequently lead to tubular damage by activation of pro-apoptosis factor CHOP.

Objective To explore the influence of albumin-activated renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs)on peritubular capillaries in co-culture system and its potential mechanism. Methods Endocytosis of TRITC labeled bovine scrum albumin (TRITC-BSA) by HKC was detected by laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscope. HKC or HKC transfected with cubilin (endocytic receptor of albumin) siRNA or pre-treated with rotenone was incubated with albumin(20 g/L) for 24 h respectively. Fluorescence probe technique and spectrometry were applied for determination of intracellular superoxide anion O2-and H2O2 in supematant. Then, the albumin-aetivated-HKC, pretreated-HKC with cubilin siRNA or rotenone, was cultured with HUVEC for 24 h in co-culture system respectively. HUVEC proliferation was determined by MTT and cellular apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Tabular morphogenesis of endothelial cells was examinedby microscopy. Results TRITC-BSA uptake was obviously lower in HKC transfected with cubilin siRNA. Intracellular generation of O2-and H2O2 in culture supernatant was increased in dose-and time-dependent manner after stimulating with albumin. The levels of O2-and H2O2 were suppressed by cubilin siRNA and rotenone. In co-culture system, albumin-activated-HKC induced endothelial cells apoptosis and inhibited their capillary tubular morphogenesis. Pretreatment of HKC with cubilin siRNA or rotenone could suppress endothelial cells apoptosis and promote capillary tubular morphogenesis. Conclusions There may be a crosstalk between RTECs and peritubular microvascular endothelial cells in renal proteinurie diseases. The generation of ROS by albumin-activated RTECs may play an important role in this process.

AIM: To investigate the role of nuclear factor- κB (NF- κB) in the expression of monocyte chemoatractant protein- 1 (MCP- 1) in human mesangial cells (HMCs) induced by oxidized low- density lipoprotein (Ox- LDL).METHODS: HMCs were used as target cells. Inhibitory κBα (IκBα) and MCP- 1 protein level was measured by cell ELISA.Activities of transcriptional factors NF- κB were determined by electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the translocation of Rel p65. RESULTS: NF - κB DNA - binding activation in MCs was observed when 10-100 mg/L Ox - LDL was added to the medium, and 50 mg/L Ox - LDL caused the strongest effect (8.50 ± 1.14, P ＜ 0.01vs control; P ＜ 0.05 vs 10, 25 and 100 mg/L Ox - LDL). The most optimal stimulation time was 60 min ( 11.0 ± 2.11, P ＜0.01 vs control; P ＜ 0.05 vs 30 min or 240 min). IκBα protein level in MC dropped down most obviously after 60 min incubation with 50 mg/L Ox - LDL (0.050 ± 0.006, n = 5, P ＜ 0.01 vs control), while MCP- 1 expression level was the highest (0.331± 0.016, n = 5, P ＜ 0.01 vs control). The translocation of Rel p65 from cytoplasm to nucleus was detected too. NF - κB inhibitor pyrroledithiocarbomate (PDTC) could inhibit these effects induced by Ox- DL. CONCLUSION: Activation of NF- κB regulate the expression of MCP- 1 in HMCs induced by Ox - LDL.

Objective　To investigate the protective role of glycyrrhizin on experimental obstructive nephropathy in rats. Methods 　The model of obstructive nephropathy was induced by unilateral uretera l ligation in rats and the animals were sacrificed at 12 h and 3,14,28,56 d resp ectively after operation. Specimens were taken from the cortex of kidney. In re nal stroma, routine morphological examinations and counts of karyocyte were made , the expression of collagen type Ⅰand type Ⅲ were also detected by immunohist ochemical staining,then, semi-quantified by EIG image analysis system. Results　 A progressive fibrosis was observed in renal stroma of the mod el. 12 h after operation, counts of karyocyte increased markedly i n renal stroma in groups of treatment and pretreatment with glycyrrhizin compar ed with that in sham-operation group（P<0.05）,and decreased distinctly compared with that in saline treated group（P<0.01）, but no significant di fference was found between treatment group and pretreatment group（P>0.05） ;3 d after operation, in group treated or pretreated with glycyrrhizin. The e xpression of collagen type Ⅰ increased markedly compared with that in sham-o peration group（P<0.01） in renal stroma, but decreased notably compare d with that in saline treated group（P<0.01）,while, there was not any diffe rence between treatment group and pretreatment group（P>0.05）. The expressi on of collagen type Ⅲ in renal stroma was almost the same as that of coll agen type Ⅰ. Conclusion　Glycyrrhizin has some therapeutical bu t no preventive effect to experimental obstructive nephropathy in rats.