Objective:To investigate the clinical features, imaging features, treatment options and prognosis of linear scleroderma with central nervous system involvement.Methods:One case of linear scleroderma " en coup de sabre" (LSES) school-age child suffering from dizziness, vomiting and blurred vision was admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital on March 25, 2019.The curative effect was observed after treatment.The relevant literature was searched, and the characteristics of cases and therapeutic effects were reviewed.Results:The clinical features of this case included recurrent and transient dizziness, vomiting, and blurred vision.Cranial imaging indicated abnormal signals in the left frontotemporal lobe white matter, cingulate gyrus, basal ganglia region, and corpus callosum proximal pressure part, multiple soft meningeal line enhancement and abnormal brain substance enhancement on the brain surface in the lesion area.After 2 months of combined treatment with Methotrexate(MTX) and corticosteroids, some symptoms such as dizziness and vomiting disappeared.Three months after the treatment, in the primary cerebral hemisphere and multiple calcifications in the brain parenchyma, the lesions significantly reduced in cranial imaging.The child was followed up for 11 months and displayed no clinical symptoms.New hair was dense at the alopecia area, and skin color, texture and grain were close to normal at the damaged area.In the review of domestic literature, treatment and prognosis were not involved.Foreign literatures reported 5 cases of children, with the first choice of Methylprednisolone being combined with MTX treatment, significant effect was observed, and consistent with the treatment of this case.Conclusions:In order to detect and treat them as early as possible and improve the prognosis, LSES patients should undergo cranial integrity assessment and neurological imaging examination at an early stage, regardless of clinical manifestations of nervous system involvement.

Objective To explore the feasibility of establishing a tree shrew model of chronic gastrointestinal mucosal injury. Methods A total of 12 adult male tree shrews were randomly divided into 3 groups. The experimental groups 1 and 2 were administered with intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg/(kg·d)and 1 mg/(kg·d)of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2, 3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)once every day for 56 days, respectively. The control group was given the same volume of sterile saline at the corresponding time points. Changes in the body weight of the tree shrews were observed. The contents of dopamine in the cerebrospinal fluid were detected. Gastrointestinal morphology was observed by stereoscope and histopathological changes of the gastrointestinal mucosa were examined by HE staining. Results The body weight and the contents of dopamine in the cerebrospinal fluid of the tree shrews in the model group were significantly decreased(P< 0.05 for both). Pathological changes to some extent of the gastric antrum, the gastric body and the duodenum were observed, without obvious differences between the 2 mg/kg group and the 1 mg/kg group. No obvious changes were found in the control group. Conclusions Long-term intraperitoneal injection with a low dose of MPTP is a feasible method for the establishment of a tree shrew model of chronic gastrointestinal mucosal injury. The optimal dose is 2 mg/(kg·d)every day for 56 days.

Objective:To investigate the effect of Clostridium butyricum on renal tissue of db/db mice and to explore its mechanism. Methods:Fourteen-week-old db/db mice were divided into db/db group( n=10) and db/db+ Cb group( n=7) according to random number table method. Age-matched db/m mice were selected as the normal control group. The db/m and db/db mice were administered 0.9% sodium chloride solution by gavage, while the db/db+ Cb mice were administered an equivalent amount of Clostridium butyricum solution by gavage for 8 weeks. Serum creatinine , fasting blood glucose, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio(ACR) and other biochemical indicators were also detected. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of kidney tissue. The expressions of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α(PGC-1α) mRNA were detected by realtime PCR, while the expressions of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor(GLP-1R), and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK) in kidney tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The levels of intestinal flora, serum and fecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs) were measured by 16S rRNA, liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer, and gas chromatograohy-mass spectrometry respectively. Results:Compared to db/db mice, db/db+ Cb mice showed improvement in general condition after supplementation with Clostridium butyricum. Fasting blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, albumin-to-creatinine ratio(ACR), blood creatinine, and levels of interleukin-6(IL-6) in kidney tissue were reduced(all P<0.05). The pathology showed various degrees of amelioration of kidney tissue injury in mice. The expression of PGC-1α mRNA increased in kidney tissue( P<0.05). Decreased expression of NF-κB protein, as well as increased expression of GLP-1R and phosphorylated(p-)AMPK/AMPK protein(all P<0.05) were detected in kidney tissues. Clostridium butyricum modulated the composition of the gut microbiota with elevated total SCFAs in blood and feces. Conclusion:Clostridium butyricum increased the expression of GLP-1R in kidney tissue, promoted AMPK phosphorylation, and alleviated renal tissue damage in mice. This suggests that it may be associated with regulating the abundance of SCFA-producing bacterial populations.

Objective To provide reference values for bone mineral density(BMD)in different skeletal regions of female Wistar rats at different ages. Methods Thirty SPF female Wistar rats were selected. The BMD of different skeletal regions(skull,upper limbs,thighs,trunk,ribs,pelvis,spine and the whole body)was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA)at 6,10,12,24 and 30 months of age. The bone mineral densities between different age groups and that of different skeletal regions in the same age groups were compared. Results The BMD of the skull,upper limbs,thighs,trunk,ribs,pelvis, spine and the whole body was increased rapidly with age, and reached a peak at 10 months of age. The BMD of the skull,upper limbs,thighs,trunk,ribs were significantly higher than the whole body BMD in the same month-age group(P< 0.05 or P< 0.01). However,there was no significant difference between the pelvic, spine and the whole body BMD(P> 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation among the three correlations(P<0.01). Conclusions Some background data are provided for the bone biology studies of female Wistar rats, and provide useful supplementary reference for the studies of bone metabolism in rats and their application in biomedicine.

Objective To investigate the theory of mind ( TOM) and eye basic emotion recognition in benign epilepsy children with centrotemporal spikes( BECT) . Methods Totally 51 BECT patients( BECT group) and 51 healthy controls( control group) were studied by Yoni task and Eye Basic Emotion Discrimi-nation Task (EBEDT). Results ①Compared with healthy controls,BECT got significantly lower score ((54. 02±6. 03) vs (58. 04±5. 41),F(1,100)=10. 34,P<0. 05))in Yoni task,especially in affective(hot) TOM .②There was no significant difference between the BECT group(M(P25,P75):103(96,108)) and the control group(M(P25,P75):105(96,110))in the total score of Eye Basic Emotion Discrimination Task(Z=-1. 37,P>0. 05),but got significantly lower score in recognizing sadness(M(P25,P75):16(14,17) vs 18 (15,19),Z=-3. 05,P<0. 05)and fear(M(P25,P75):15(14,17) vs 16(16,18),Z=-2. 21,P<0. 05).③Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between the total score of TOM and the age,age of onset, education,seizure total number,MMSE,the Digital Span test, the verbal fluency test and eye basic emotion recognition ( r=-0. 257-0. 908,all P>0. 05) . Conclusion BECT children have impairments in sadness and fear emotion recognition and TOM aspects.

Objective To evaluate the objective sleep status of patients with chronic insomnia by cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) technique, and evaluate the characteristics of cognitive dysfunction to explore the correlation between objective sleep and cognitive dysfunction in patients with chronic insomnia. Methods Forty-three patients with chronic insomnia, admitted to our hospital from October 2017 to April 2019, were enrolled in our study;15 age-, gender-and education-matched healthy volunteers were recruited as control group. All subjects followed their daily routine at home and completed CPC examination. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Auditory Vocabulary Learning Test (AVLT), Trail Making Test (TMT) and Stroop Color Word Test were used to evaluate the general and single cognitive functions, respectively. The correlation of objective sleep with cognitive function was analyzed. Results (1) As compared with those in the control group, high frequency coupling (stable sleep) ratio was significantly decreased, low frequency coupling (un-stable sleep) ratio and extremely low frequency coupling (rapid-eye-movement sleep/waking) ratio were significantly increased, and latency of high frequency coupling was significantly prolonged in chronic insomnia group (P<0.05). (2) Chronic insomnia group had significantly lower MoCA total scores than control group (P<0.05), specifically manifested as decrement of visuospatial ability and execution and attention abilities; specific cognitive test showed that chronic insomnia group performed worse in immediate recall, and had delayed recall of AVLT, longer time consumption in TMT-B, smaller number of wired arrival numbers, and longer time consumption in Stroop color word test than the control group, with significant differences (P<0.05). (3) There was a correlation between CPC sleep structure and Cognitive Function Scale scores in patients with chronic insomnia. Conclusion In patients with chronic insomnia, stable sleep is reduced, un-stable sleep and rapid-eye-movement sleep/waking are increased; the impaired cognition domains are visual space and executive function, attention and memory; disturbed sleep structure aggravates the memory and execution impairment of patients with chronic insomnia.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase that acts as a checkpoint during mitosis, coordinating and promoting cell cycle progression. CDK1 is significantly upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma. It is mainly related to p53 signal transduction pathway, LINC00346-miR-199a-3p-CDK1/CyclinB pathway, SNHG16/let-7b-5P/CDC25B/CDK1 pathway and UPF1-SNord52-CDK1 pathway. In this paper, the mechanism of CDK1 involvement in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma was systematically elaborated, and the current situation of CDK1 inhibitor targeted treatment of HCC was clarified, which could provide clues and basis for the treatment of HCC with CDK1 as the target.