Diabetes associated large vascular disease is a major threat to type 2 diabetes mellitus,its main pathological mechanism is atherosclerosis.Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) detected using high resolution ultrasound technique can be used as an alternative indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis.It has been confirmed that it is a strong predictor of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.This article focuses on the latest research progress of the CIMT-associated risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective To investigate the detection rate of anti-SSA60 and SSB antibodies in sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).The correlation of anti-SSA and SSB antibodies with SLE clinical outcome was also investigated.Methods This study included 251 cases of SLE diagnosed in our hospital between 2007 and 2010.ELISA and double immunodiffusion method was used to detect the sera antiSSA60 and SSB antibodies.The patients were closely monitored for three years in terms of clinical and laboratory parameters and the presence of associated Sj(o)gren' s syndrome (SS).Statistical analysis were performed using student t test or x2 test.Results ① The detection rate of anti-SSA60 antibody in serum of patients with SLE was 65.3％.The detection rate of anti-SSB antibody in serum of patients with SLE was 28.3％; ② During the three-year follow up,patients with anti-SSA60 (29.3％,48 cases) or SSB antibodies (35.2％,25 cases) were more likely to have dry mouth and eyes and later developed SS (P＜0.05); ③ Patients with anti-SSA60 antibody were more likely to develop serositis (20.7％ vs 8.0％),neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus (NPLE)(18.9％ vs 8.0％),and hematuria (35.4％ vs 21.8％)(P＜0.05).Patients with negative anti-SSB antibody were more likely to have fever (43.7％ vs 57.8％,x2=4.082,P＜0.05); ④ Patients positive for anti-SSB antibody were also positive for anti-Sm antibody (50.7％ vs 32.8％,x2=6.956,P＜0.05);⑤ Younger patients were more likely to have anti-SSA60 and SSB antibodies in their sera (P＜0.05); ⑥Patients positive for anti-SSA60 antibody had higher SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) than patients with negative anti-SSA60 antibody [(17±9) vs (15±7),t=2.389,P＜0.05].Patients positive for anti-SSB antibody had higher level of IgG [(18±7) vs (16±6) g/L,t=2.304,P=0.023],and lower level of CRP than patients negative for anti-SSB antibody [(14±20) vs (21±33) mg/L,t=-2.173,P=0.031].Conclusion Patients positive for anti-SSA60 antibody have higher SLEDAI and more severe clinical outcomes.Patients with antiSSA or anti-SSB antibody are more likely to develop dry mouth and eyes which eventually leads to SS.

Purpose To optimize the preparation of NC-1900 loaded MePEG-PLA nanoparticles (NPs). Methods MePEG-PLA copolymers of different molecular weight synthesized by solvent poly-merization method were used to prepare NC-1900 loaded MePEG-PLA NPs by double emulsion/solvent evaporation method.Orthogonal experimental design and multiple regressions were used to optimize the preparation method with nanoparticle size and NC-1900 encapsulation efficiency (EE) as res-ponse variables.NPs were characterized by particle size and Zeta potential detector and transmission electron microscope.The leakage of NC-1900 from NPs was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detection. Results MePEG3000-PLA44800 NPs prepared according to the optimized conditions had a mean diameter of (77 ± 11) nm and EE of (21.4 ± 0.1) %.Only 5% and 15% of NC-1900 were leaked in pH 7.4 PBS and blank plasma at the end of 48 h,respectively. Conc-lusions The optimized MePEG3000-PLA44800 NPs is a favorable carrier for NC-1900.

Objective:The effect and side effect of the dose-adjusted EPOCH regimen were evaluated perspectively for the pre-liminarily diagnosed angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. Methods: Nine cases of untreated angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma were diagnosed and enrolled in our department from September 2008 to September 2012. All patients received dose-adjusted EPOCH regimen as first-line chemotherapy. Results: The median age of 9 patients was 54 years. The male-to-female ratio was 2∶1. About 88.9%of all patients were at Ann Arbor stageⅢ/Ⅳ, and 77.8%presented with B symptoms. Anemia was found in 66.7%of 9 patients, and lactate dehydrogenase elevated in 55.6%of patients. After an average of 4.7 cycles of chemotherapy of dose-adjusted EPOCH regi-men, the complete remission rate was 22.2%, and the total response rate was 66.7%. With a median follow-up of 20 months, the 4-year progression-free survival rate was 11.1%, and the overall survival rate was 33.3%. The median survival time was 19 months. The most common adverse events of EPOCH chemotherapy were hematologic toxicity. Grades 3-4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were re-ported in 77.8%and 33.3%of patients. Febrile neutropenia was observed in 44.4%of patients. Non-treatment-related mortality was al-so noted. Conclusion: The results of our research showed no clear benefit of treating preliminarily diagnosed angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma with dose-adjusted EPOCH regimen. The main adverse events were hematologic toxicity and could be tolerated.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and recent curative effect of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) after conventional treatment.Methods Clinical data of 15 MCL patients admitted in the Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences between August 2004 and October 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The median age of those patients was 59 and the male to female ratio was 1.5∶1.Fourteen(93%)cases were in Ann-Arbor stages Ⅲ -Ⅳ, 15 cases (100%)primarily with lymph node involvement,7 cases (47%)with bone marrow involvement,4 cases (27%)with gastrointestinal involvement,and 3 cases (20%)with orbit involvement.Less than 40% expression of Ki-67 was observed in 9 cases (60%),while 6 cases were with more than 40% (40%).One case was blastic variant.First-line therapy was CHOP-like regimens,which were combined with rituximab in 8 of the 15 cases.In this study,the median survival time was 12 months (3 -64),and the overal response rate was 80%after induction chemotherapy.The current survival of 7 /9 cases with less than 40% expression of Ki-67 was 8 -64 months,2 /6 cases with more than 40% expression of Ki-67 was 8 and 9 months,respectively.Conclusion MCL mostly occurs in older males.Extranodal invasion is common in MCL as an aggressive tumor.The efficacy of traditional chemotherapy is currently limited.Blastic variant or high expression of Ki-67 is an adverse prognostic indicator.

In order to develop a more effective drug for dry eye disease, the preparation of lifitegrast eye drops was carried out, and the safety and efficacy of lifitegrast eye drops in vitro and in vivo were investigated. First the method for the determination of lifitegrast content was established, and then the composition and preparation process of the preparation were determined by literature review and single factor experiment. Finally, the safety of lifitegrast eye drops was evaluated by Draize eye irritation test and HE staining, and the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by Schirmer test and ELISA test. The results showed that the final prescription of lifitegrast eye drops consisted of 5% lifitegrast, 0.4% sodium chloride, 0.3%−0.4% anhydrous disodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.3% sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate and 0.3% sodium hydroxide. The appearance of lifitegrast eye drops was transparent and slightly brownish yellow solution, the pH was7.75±0.05, the osmotic pressure was in the range of 200−330 mOsmol/kg and it had good stability at 60℃ for 3 months. There was no significant difference in irritation study compared with normal saline. Schirmer test showed that tear secretion was increased and the expression of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in tears were significantly decreased after treatment with lifitegrast eye drops and compared to the commercially available emulsion cyclosporine eye drops, it takes effect faster. The above results indicate that lifitegrast eye drops are simple to prepare and stable, which is a better choice for the rapid treatment of dry eye disease.

Objective:To understand the status quo of self-regulating fatigue (SRF) in aged patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:This study is a cross-sectional study. From January to June 2022, 310 aged patients undergoing MHD from the blood purification centers of three ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals in Jinan, Shandong Province, were selected by convenience sampling. Various questionnaires, including the general information questionnaire, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Self-Regulatory Fatigue Scale (SRF-S), Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and 5-Item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-5), were used to investigate and analyze the factors influencing self-regulation of fatigue in aged patients undergoing MHD through univariate and multiple stepwise regression analysis.Results:The SRF-S score for the aged patients undergoing MHD was (42.26±7.86). The results of the multiple factor analysis showed that family average monthly income, depression, coping style, and self-efficacy were factors influencing SRF in these patients ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:It is urgent to pay attention to the current status of self-regulation of fatigue in aged patients undergoing MHD and take effective measures to improve their self-efficacy, promote positive coping strategies, alleviate depression, and reduce their level of SRF.

This paper reports the progress of biodiesel production with enzymatic catalysis in Beijing University of Chemical Technology, one of the leaders in biodiesel R & D in China, which includes screening of high-yield lipase production strains, optimization and scale-up of the lipase fermentation process, lipase immobilization, bioreactor development and scale-up, biodiesel separation and purification and the by-product glycerol utilization. Firstly, lipase fermentation was carried out at industrial scale with the 5 m3 stirred tank bioreactor, and the enzyme activity as high as 8 000 IU/mL was achieved by the species Candida sp. 99-125. Then, the lipase was purified and immobilized on textile membranes. Furthermore, biodiesel production was performed in the 5 m3 stirred tank bioreactor with an enzyme dosage as low as 0.42%, and biodiesel that met the German biodiesel standard was produced. And in the meantime, the byproduct glycerol was used for the production of 1,3-propanediol to partly offset the production cost of biodiesel, and 76.1 g/L 1,3-propanediol was obtained in 30 L fermentor with the species Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Biofuels ; Bioreactors ; Biotechnology ; economics ; methods ; Candida ; enzymology ; Catalysis ; China ; Enzymes, Immobilized ; metabolism ; Esterification ; Fermentation ; Lipase ; metabolism ; Plant Oils ; chemistry

The National Medical Products Administration has authorized sodium oligomannate for treating mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease.In this study,an LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to quantitate sodium oligomannate in different biomatrices.The plasma pharmacokinetics,tissue distri-bution,and excretion of sodium oligomannate in Sprague-Dawley rats and beagle dogs were system-atically investigated.Despite its complicated structural composition,the absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion profiles of the oligosaccharides in sodium oligomannate of different sizes and terminal derivatives were indiscriminate.Sodium oligomannate mainly crossed the gastrointestinal epithelium through paracellular transport following oral administration,with very low oral bioavail-ability in rats(0.6％-1.6％)and dogs(4.5％-9.3％).Absorbed sodium oligomannate mainly resided in circulating body fluids in free form with minimal distribution into erythrocytes and major tissues.So-dium oligomannate could penetrate the blood-cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)barrier of rats,showing a con-stant area under the concentration-time curve ratio(CSF/plasma)of approximately 5％.The cumulative urinary excretion of sodium oligomannate was commensurate with its oral bioavailability,supporting that excretion was predominantly renal,whereas no obvious biliary secretion was observed following a single oral dose to bile duct-cannulated rats.Moreover,only 33.7％(male)and 26.3％(female)of the oral dose were recovered in the rat excreta within 96 h following a single oral administration,suggesting that the intestinal flora may have ingested a portion of unabsorbed sodium oligomannate as a nutrient.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of W-shaped genioplasty in the correction of broad and short chin deformity.Methods:Thirty-eight patients (5 males, 33 females, aged 20 to 41 years, mean 27.3 years) complained with broad and short chin were admitted to the Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospitalof Nanjing Medical University from January 2019 to December 2021. CBCT scan and three-dimensional reconstruction were performed to design osteotomy line and determine the distance of chin lengthening, narrowing and advancing or retrocession preoperatively. Under general anesthesia, the W-shaped osteotomy was performed using an intraoral incision, and the angle between the bilateral free bone fragments, the distance of downward and forward movement were adjusted to change the curvature, width, length and prominence of the lower edge of the chin according to the preoperative designs. The results were evaluated by clinical appearances and image analyses at a follow-up of 3-24 months.Results:The amount of vertical lengthening of the chin in 38 cases were 2 mm to 5 mm, with an average of 3.02 mm. The horizontal narrowing width distances were 3-7 mm, with an average of 5.6 mm. The patients were followed up for 3-24 months, with an average of 10.6 months. There were no complications such as hematoma, wound dehiscence, accidental fracture, surgical area infection and permanent neurosensory disorder. 38 patients had transient sensory loss in the lower lip region of varying degrees, but all recovered spontaneously during routine follow-up period. All patients were satisfied with the improvement of facial contour.Conclusions:W-shaped geinoplasty preserves the central bone of the chin and the attachment of genioglossus muscle, which does not affect the normal anatomy and physiological function of the oral cavity. After osteotomy, the bone is removed and the bilateral bone fragments move flexibly. It can effectively change the radian, width, length and protrusion of the lower edge of the chin in three dimensions, so as to correct the wide and short deformity of the chin.