Objective:To investigate the inflammatory state and immune function of patients experiencing acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated by hypercapnia before and after noninvasive mechanical ventilation.Methods:The clinical data of 120 patients experiencing acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated by hypercapnia who received treatment in Taizhou Central Hospital from August 2018 to August 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into a noninvasive ventilation group ( n = 57) and a conventional treatment group ( n = 63). The therapeutic effect was observed in each group. Before and after treatment, serum levels of inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein), immune indexes (CD 4+, CD 8+, CD 4+/CD 8+), blood gas analysis indexes (PaCO 2, PaO 2, pH) and pulmonary function indexes (forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow) were measured in each group. Adverse reactions such as sputum obstruction and gastric distension during treatment were statistically analyzed. Results:Total effective rate in the noninvasive ventilation group was significantly higher than that in the conventional treatment group ( P < 0.05). After treatment, serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein were (61.98 ± 5.16) ng/L, (19.77 ± 3.41) ng/L, (15.39 ± 3.22) mg/L respectively in the noninvasive ventilation group, which were significantly lower than those in the conventional treatment group [(68.24 ± 5.12) ng/L, (21.04 ± 3.52) ng/L, (19.28 ± 3.50) mg/L, t = 6.664, 2.003, 6.314, all P < 0.05]. After treatment, CD 4+ and CD 4+/CD 8+ were (29.28 ± 2.81) and (1.18 ± 0.17) respectively in the non-invasive ventilation group, which were significantly higher than (27.34 ± 2.96) and (1.09 ± 0.15) in the conventional treatment group ( t = 3.672, 3.081, both P < 0.05). After treatment, PaCO 2 [(48.34 ± 6.92) mmHg] in the noninvasive ventilation group was lower than that in the conventional treatment group [(53.09 ± 7.07) mmHg, t = 3.712, P < 0.05]. PaO 2, pH, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity and peak expiratory flow were (70.61 ± 9.82) mmHg, (7.35 ± 0.15), (2.39 ± 0.48) L, (2.50 ± 0.46) L, (4.65 ± 0.75) L/s, respectively in the non-invasive ventilation group, which were significantly higher than those in the conventional treatment group [(65.19 ± 8.23) mmHg, (7.29 ± 0.14), (2.16 ± 0.47) L, (2.21 ± 0.45) L, (4.06 ± 0.69) L/s, t = 3.287, 2.266, 2.650, 3.488, 4.488, all P < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:Noninvasive mechanical ventilation for patients experiencing acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated by hypercapnia can improve the inflammatory state and immune function, enhance lung function and reduce the degree of hypoxia.

BackgroundExcessive conjunctival scar formation is a main cause of filtering surgical failure in glaucoma.It has been reported that the failure rate of filtering surgery is a tough problem in the research of glaucoma.Research showed that tetrandrine (Tet) suppress the proliferation of cultured human fibroblasts of Tenons capsule (TCFs) in vitro,but its possible mechanism is still unclear up to now.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate the inducement effects of Tet on the apoptosis of fibroblasts of Tenons capsule and mechanism.MethodsThe Tenon's capsule was obtained from donor eyes of Zhongshan Eye Center Eye Bank for further use.Human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts were cultured by explant culture method in mixed medium in vitro and the third to seventh generations of cells were collected for the experiment.The subcultured cells were identified by morphology observation and Vimentin staining.The apoptosis of cultured fibroblasts in Tet-treated group and control group was studied by using TUNEL (TdT- mediated dUTP nick end labling,TUNEL),flow cytometry (FCM) and transmission electron microscope.The cell number in different cellular cycle was calculated in Ted-treated group and control group.Results The cultured cells reached confluence in two weeks after cultured and presented the spindle or triangle shape with the radial-like or vortexin-like arrangement .The cells showed the positive staining for Vimentin.Apoptosis changes of cultured cell and apoptosis bodies were seen under the transmission electron microscope.Apoptotic cell nuclei were observed in Tet group by TUNEL.FCM result showed that the cells at G_0/G_1 phase decreased by 22.2%,and the cells at S and G_2/M phases increased by 20.53% and 1.6% in Ted-treated group.Significant differences in the numbers of cells in different cellular cycles and cell numbers of apoptosis were found between Tet-treated group and control group(P=0.000).ConclusionTet can inhibit the proliferation of human TCFs by inducing apoptosis in vitro.

Background Visual adaptive mechanism of mammalian is close responsible for the development of visual cortex.The various genes with different biological functions in different developing stages of visual cortex participate in regulation of visual development.To investigate the differential expression profiles of various genes in different ages of rat cortex can offer basis and evidence for the study of visual development.Objective Present study aimed to investigate the genes that changed continuously in the postnatal developmental process of rat visual cortex by microarray analysis of visual cortex RNA.Methods Sixty clean SD rats were grouped numbered and randomized into the postnatal day 0 group (P0,n =20),before eye opening group (postnatal day 10,P10,n =15),before the critical period of visual cortex growth group (postnatal day 20,P20,n =15) and the end of development of visual cortex group(postnatal day 45,P45,n=15).The rats were sacrificed at corresponding time point respectively,and the fresh visual cortex were obtained for the extraction of total RNA and microarray analysis.Genes exhibiting changes in expression by≥2.0 folds were further confirmed using real-time PCR(RT-PCR).In order to evaluate the association of differential gene expression with growth,the postnatal stages were paired as 36 groups with the 3 pairs for each target gene (P45/P0,P20/P0,P10/P0).Results Microarray analysis showed that the gene with differential ratio ≥ 2.0 folds in rat visual cortex included Akap7,Asam,Casp3,Cxcr4,Egr1,Ennp2,Fabp7,Gpr88,Inpp5d,Rpsa,Stk32c and Vamp1.Real-time PCR verified that 24 genes form 26 probe sets had the same-phase regulating tendency,including 20 up-regulating probe sets and 6 down-regulating probe sets.The homodromous expressing tendency was seen in Akap7,Asam,Casp3,Cxcr4,Egr1,Ennp2,Fabp7,Inpp5d,Rpsa and Vamp1 genes between microarray analysis and RT-PCR.However,reverse expressions were found in the P45/P0 of Gpr88 and Stk32c genes,showing the up-regulation in the microarray analysis and down-regulation in RT-PCR.The concordant rate of gene expression between microarray analysis and RT-PCR was 94.44％.The expressing genes mainly functioned nervous system development,(metal) ion binding/transport,metabolism,regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity.Conclusions New relevant candidate genes of age-associated rat visual cortex can be identified by microarray analysis,which provide a clue for the research of visual plasticity.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of tetrandrine (Tet) on the expression of bax, bcl-2, and transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) mRNA in cultured human fibroblasts of Tenon's capsules (TCFS) and explore its possible mechanism.

METHODSThe third passage of TCFS cultured in vitro were exposed to 1×10(-5) mol/L Tet for 24 h, and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the changes in the expressions of bax, bcl-2, and TGF-β2 mRNA.

RESULTSThe expression level of bax mRNA was obviously higher, while bcl-2 and TGF-β2 mRNA levels were significantly lower in Tet-treated TCFS than those in the control cells (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONTet can inhibit the proliferation of TCFS possibly by reducing the expressions of bcl-2 and TGF-β2 mRNA, enhancing the expression of bax mRNA and inducing cell apoptosis, suggesting its potential in preventing fibrous scar formation after glaucoma filtration surgery.

Apoptosis ; Benzylisoquinolines ; pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cicatrix ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tenon Capsule ; cytology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; genetics ; metabolism

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has developed into the most common chronic liver disease and can lead to liver cancer.Our laboratory previously developed a novel prescription for NAFLD,"Eight Zhes Decoction"(EZD),which has shown good curative effects in clinical practice.However,the pharmaco-dynamic material basis and mechanism have not yet been revealed.A strategy integrating lipidomics,network pharmacology and pharmacokinetics was used to reveal the active components and mecha-nisms of EZD against NAFLD.The histopathological results showed that EZD attenuated the degrees of collagen deposition and steatosis in the livers of nonalcoholic steatofibrosis model mice.Furthermore,glycerophospholipid metabolism,arachidonic acid metabolism,glycerolipid metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism with phospholipase A2 group IVA(PLA2G4A)and cytochrome P450 as the core targets and 12,13-cis-epoxyoctadecenoic acid,12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid,leukotriene B4,prostaglandin E2,phosphatidylcholines(PCs)and triacylglycerols(TGs)as the main lipids were found to be involved in the treatment of NAFLD by EZD.Importantly,naringenin,artemetin,canadine,and bicuculline were iden-tified as the active ingredients of EZD against NAFLD;in particular,naringenin reduces PC consumption by inhibiting the expression of PLA2G4A and thus promotes sufficient synthesis of very-low-density lipoprotein to transport excess TGs in the liver.This research provides valuable data and theoretical support for the application of EZD against NAFLD.