Objective: To explore the prevalence and associated distress of lower urinary tract symptoms among female college students in Xuzhou. Methods: Convenience sampling was used to recruit 1 000 female college students in Xuzhou China. Chinese versions of International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire LUTS and General Information Questionnaire was used. Results: The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms was 95.7%. The top ten prevalence rates were urgency (88.2%), hesitancy (65.4%), nocturia (48.5%), intermittent stream (47.3%), straining (30.5%), increased daytime frequency (30.1%), bladder pain (21.0%), SUI (18.5%), UUI (13.9%), nocturnal enuresis (7.5%). Urinary urgency was the most disturbing symptom (49.0%). Risk factors of urinary urgency included rural household registration (OR=1.67, 95%CI:1.10-2.55, P=0.017) and premature urination (OR=1.65, 95%CI:1.23-2.21, P=0.00). Conclusion Female college students have a high prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms but with moderate severity and distress. Toileting behaviors affect bladder health, which require early intervention.

Objective To investigate the effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine pretreatment on my-ocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I∕R) injury in rats. Methods Forty-five adult Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes, weighing 200-250 g, in which intrathecal catheters were successfully placed without complications, were divided into 3 groups (n= 15 each) using a random number table: sham operation group (group S), group I∕R and intrathecal dexmedetomidine pretreatment group ( group DEX). Myocardial I∕R injury was produced by occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. Dexmedetomidine 1 μg∕kg (diluted to 10 μl in normal saline) was intrathecally injec-ted at 30 min before ischemia in group DEX. The equal volume of normal saline was given in group I∕R. Blood samples were collected from the cardiac apex at the end of reperfusion for measurement of plasma nor-epinephrine (NE) and cardiac troponin I ( cTnI) concentrations. Then all the rats were sacrificed, and myocardial tissues were obtained for determination of myocardical infarct size, and the spinal cord was isola-ted to detect the expression of c-fos in the spinal dorsal horn by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, the myocardical infarct size, plasma NE and cTnI concentrations were significnatly increased, and the expression of c-fos in the spinal dorsal horn was up-regulated in I∕R and DEX groups (P<0. 05). Compared with group I∕R, the myocardical infarct size, plasma NE and cTnI concentrations were signific-natly decreased, and the expression of c-fos in the spinal dorsal horn was down-regulated in group DEX (P<0. 05). Conclusion Intrathecal dexmedetomidine pretreatment can reduce myocardial I∕R injury in rats, and the mechanims may be related to decreasing plasma NE levels and inhibiting c-fos expression in the spinal dorsal horn.

Objective To evaluate the cardioprotection induced by combination of dexmedetomidine and limb ischemic preconditioning in the patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Eighty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical starus Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes,aged 52-64 yr,weighing 51-78 kg,with New York Heart Association Ⅱ or Ⅲ,scheduled for elective CABG with CPB,were divided into 4 groups (n =20 each) using a random number table method:control group (group C),limb ischemic preconditioning group (group L),dexmedetomidine group (group D) and dexmedetomidine plus limb ischemic preconditioning group (group DL).Limb ischemic preconditioning was induced by 3 cycles of 5-min unilateral lower limb ischemia followed by 5-min reperfusion starting from 30 min before aortic clamping in L and DL groups.Dexmedetomidine was injected via the central vein in a loading dose of 1 μg/kg after induction of anesthesia,followed by an infusion of 0.4 μg · kg-1 · h-1 until the end of operation in D and DL groups.Venous blood samples were obtained immediately before aortic clamping,at the end of CPB and at the end of operation for determination of plasma concentrations of cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTnI) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Myocardial tissues were obtained from the right auricle immediately before aortic clamping and at the end of CPB for determination of the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax (by immunohistochemistry) and apoptosis index (AI) (using TUNEL).The restoration of spontaneous heart beat was recorded.Bcl-2/Bax ratio was calculated.Results Compared with group C,the plasma cTnI concentrations were significantly decreased,the Bcl-2 expression was up-regulated,the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was increased,Bax expression was down-regulated,and AI was decreased in the other three groups (P＜0.05).Compared with L and D groups,the plasma cT-nI concentrations were significantly decreased,the Bcl-2 expression was up-regulated,the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was increased,Bax expression was down-regulated,and AI was decreased in group DL (P＜0.05).The rate of restoration of spontaneous heart beat was significantly increased in group DL as compared with the other three groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion Combination of dexmedetomidine and limb ischemic preconditioning can mitigate myocardial injury,it provides better efficacy than either alone,and the mechanism is related to inhibiting cell apoptosis in the patients undergoing CABG with CPB.

BACKGROUND: With the extensive development of minimally invasive surgery for pulmonary nodules, preoperative localization becomes more and more critical. There are some defects in traditional localization methods, so it is necessary to improve. The aim of this study was to compare and analyze the safety and effectiveness of two new methods, namely four-hook needle and memory alloy coil, in the localization of pulmonary nodules. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 152 patients was performed. 76 cases were in four-hook needle group, and 76 cases were in memory alloy coil group. Pulmonary nodules were located before operation, and then video-assisted wedge resection was performed. The average procedure time, localization complications and nodule resection time were counted. RESULTS: The target pulmonary nodules were successfully removed in both groups. In four-hook needle group, 76 patients found localization devices, all the pulmonary nodules were successfully removed, and one case was transferred to open the chest for wedge resection of pulmonary nodules due to severe thoracic adhesion. All 76 patients in memory alloy coil group were successfully resected with pulmonary nodules, and one patient underwent compromising enlarged resection because no lesion was found after the specimen was removed during the operation. There was no significant difference in the incidence of pneumothorax and pulmonary hemorrhage, the success rate of localization and nodule wedge resection time between the two groups. The average time of localization in four-hook needle group was (13.66±3.11) min, lower than that of memory alloy coil group (15.51±3.65) min, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.001). In memory alloy coil group, when the distance from the nodule to the pleura was ≥1.5 cm and <1.5 cm, the average localization time was (17.20±4.46) min and (14.91±3.15) min, respectively, and there was a statistical difference between the two distance (P=0.044). CONCLUSIONS Four-hook needle and memory alloy coil have good safety and effectiveness, and the localization time of four-hook needle is shorter. When using memory alloy coil, the effect of the method is better for pulmonary nodules with a distance less than 1.5 cm to pleura.
Alloys ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/surgery* ; Multiple Pulmonary Nodules ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed