Objective:To compare the effects of thoracoscopic anatomical segmentectomy and thoracoscopic lobectomy on patients' respiratory function.Methods:Retrospective analysis of 326 patients who underwent thoracoscopic surgery from July 2016 to July 2019(209 patients underwent anatomical segmentectomy, 117 patients underwent lobectomy). According to variables including gender, age, tumor location, smoking history and BMI, two propensity score-matched cohorts including 89 patients respectively were constructed. The patients’ baseline data and respiratory function date of the patients pre-operation and post-operation were analyzed. The measurement data that obey the normal distribution were described by mean±standard deviation, and the t-test was used for comparison between groups; the measurement data of non-normal distribution was described by the median value( P25, P75), and the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for the comparison between groups; The data was described by frequency, and the chi-square test or Fisher's exact probability method was used for comparison between groups. Results:At the first-month follow-up after surgery, there was no significant difference in the variation of FVC[(0.48±0.40)L vs.(0.34±0.37)L, P=0.215)and FEV1[(0.52±0.46)L vs.(0.43±0.77)L, P=0.364), and in the change rate of FVC(%)[15.23(8.74, 21.25) vs. 14.58(7.75, 19.40), P=0.122], FEV1(%)[17.25(9.56, 22.78) vs. 16.42(9.15, 20.28), P=0.154]and DLCO(%)[18.54(10.88, 25.68)vs. 17.45(9.58, 23.75) P=0.245]. Between the segmentectomy group and lobectomy group, there was a significant difference in the alteration of FVC[(0.50±0.47)L vs. (0.29±0.31)L, P=0.031] and FEV1[(0.44±0.34)L vs.(0.24±0.23)L, P<0.001], the change rate of FVC(%)[14.27(7.87, 22.32) vs. 9.95(5.56, 17.24), P=0.008]、FEV1(%)[15.23(8.36, 22.17)vs. 10.05(5.15, 18.54), P<0.001]and DLCO(%)[13.74(6.24, 19.78) vs. 4.45(-2.32, 13.75), P=0.023]in the 6th month after surgery. The lobectomy group had a higher variation of FEV1[(0.34±0.49)L vs.(0.18±0.26)L, P=0.006] and change rate of FVC(%)[9.28(2.15, 18.94) vs. 5.24(0.52, 11.45), P=0.0032] and FEV1(%)[10.45(3.15, 21.32) vs. 6.50(1.55, 14.24), P<0.001] in the first year after surgery. However, the variation of FVC[(0.29±0.36)L vs.(0.21±0.24)L, P=0.176) and the change rate of DLCO(%)[8.35(2.15, 16.45) vs. 6.23(2.12, 14.54), P=0.143] didn't show a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion:Whether in the short or the middle postoperative period, segmentectomy can preserve postoperative respiratory function than lobectomy.