Objective To determine the role of APPL1,an adaptor protein,played in pancreatic β-cell.Methods APPL1 was overexpressed in INS-1 cells with adenovirus encoding APPL1.Western blot was conducted to measure protein cxprcssion.Propidium iodide/Hoechst staining was used to determine the cell apoptosis.Insulin secretion was measured by ELISA.Results Exposure of INS-1 cells to 20 mmol/L glucose or 30U/ml interleukin-1 β plus 20 ng/ml TNF-α 48 h induced β-cell apoptosis (P＜0.01) and impaired 2 h glucosestimulated insulin secretion (P＜ 0.01).Overexpression of APPL1 in INS-1 decreased cell apoptosis by 34.16％-42.79％ (P＜0.01) and increased glucose-induced insulin secretion by 1.39-2.20 folds compared with control groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion APPL1 decreases β-cell apoptosis and increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion,and thus protects β-cell against high glucose or cytokines-induced dysfunction.

Objective To explore the correlation between NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD).Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in this study.Eighty four cases of health examination personnel in Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital were included in the study randomly,and divided into NAFLD group (27cases) and normal control group (57cases) though liver ultrasound examination.Their general data (sex,height,weight),liver function,blood lipid,and blood glucose were analyzed.The level of NLRP3 in peripheral blood was analyzed by ELISA double antibody sandwich method.The relationship between NLRP3 and NAFLD was analyzed by Logistic regression.Results The prevalence of NAFLD was 32.1 ％ (27/84).The levels of serum cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,fasting blood sugar,alanine aminotransferase,creatinine and uric acid in NAFLD group were higher than those in normal control group (all P＜0.01),while the level of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower than that in normal control group (P=0.023);the concentration of serum NLRP3 in NAFLD group was (5.1±1.8) μg/L,and that in normal control group was (3.9±1.4) μg/L.There was significant difference between the two groups (t =6.221,P =0.016).Logistic regression analysis showed that NLRP3 was a risk factor for NAFLD (OR =1.537,P =0.021).Conclusion The level of NLRP3 is up-regulated in the serum of NAFLD patients,which is related to the occurrence of NAFLD.

Objective To evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercise on blood sugar and constitution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Fifty eligible subjects in community type 2 diabetes database were randomly selected and a model intervention group of＂1+2+1＂ was established.The regular exercise intervention was conducted for six months by combining aerobic exercise with resistance exercise.The fasting blood sugar,blood pressure,heart rate,body mass and fat mass before and after intervention were compared by paired t test.Changes in related physical indicators.Results After 6 month of exercise therapy,fasting blood glucose of subjects reduced from (8.58±4.40) mmol／L to (6.29 ±1.72) mmol／L(P＝0.032).Body weight also reduced from (62.44±7.35) Kg to (60.70±7.54) Kg(P＝0.008). In physical quality related indexes, fat mass decreased significantly, while protein content increased significantly.There were no changes in muscle mass and fat free body weight.In addition, grip strength and flexion range of subjects significantly increased after exercise therapy.Comprehensive score of physical quality of subjects increased from (73.25± 5.65) to (75.48± 5.04) ( P＝0.010).Conclusion Exercise therapy of aerobic exercise combined with resistant exercise can effectively reduce blood glucose, body weight and fat mass,increase muscle strength,flexibility and physical quality.This also reflects that the community?led ＂health and physical integration＂ mode of work is an effective means to manage chronic diseases and enhance the physical fitness of residents.

Objective:To analyze the expression level of hepcidin in urine of patients with type 2 diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in different stages and its relationship with DKD and related indicators.Methods:From June 2022 to December 2023, 139 inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Department of Endocrinology, Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Health Medical College were selected as the research objects. The stage of DKD was judged by urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR): UACR <30 mg/g in stage A1, UACR ≥30 mg/g~≤300 mg/g in stage A2. DKD in stage A3 was UACR >300 mg/g. According to the stage of DKD, there were 50 patients with stage A1 (group A1), 47 patients with stage A2 (group A2), and 42 patients with stage A3 (group A3). Urinary hepcidin was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum creatinine and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were measured and compared. The correlation between urinary hepcidin and other markers, the risk factors of DKD and the evaluation of diagnostic value were analyzed. Measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as xˉ± s, mean comparison among the three groups, if the variance was homogeneous, the analysis of variance test was used; if the variance was not homogeneous, the Welch test was used; the proportion or rate of enumeration data among the groups was tested by χ2 test; Pearson correlation analysis was used for correlation analysis; binary Logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis; The value of urinary hepcidin in the diagnosis of DKD was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve. Results:Urinary hepcidin was (5.3±1.0) &mu;g/L in group A1, (7.7±2.5) &mu;g/L in group A2, and (10.1±2.7) &mu;g/L in group A3. There was significant difference among the three groups ( F=58.92， P<0.001), and urinary hepcidin increased with the severity of DKD; Urinary Hepcidin was related to UACR ( R=0.684, P<0.001), serum creatinine ( R=0.590, P<0.001), course of disease ( R=0.485, P<0.001), triglyceride ( R=0.264, P=0.002), age ( R=0.235, P<0.001), P=0.005), total cholesterol ( R=0.224, P=0.008), systolic pressure ( R=0.194, P=0.022), glomerular filtration rate ( R=-0.540, P<0.001) and BMI ( R=-0.175, P=0.040); There was no correlation with fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, ALT and diastolic blood pressure (all P>0.05). Secondly, the increase of urinary hepcidin level was a risk factor for DKD by binary Logistic regression analysis ( OR=4.147,95% CI: 2.154-7.984, P<0.001). Finally, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-off point of urinary hepcidin was 6.35 &mu;g/L, with a sensitivity of 0.831 and a specificity of 0.880. Conclusion:Urinary hepcidin increases with the severity of DKD, which may be a biomarker for early diagnosis of DKD.