Dialysis patients’ views on withdrawal from dialysis and palliative care are unclear. We conducted a survey of hemodialysis outpatients in Tochigi prefecture regarding withdrawal from dialysis and palliative care. Among a total of 2170 questionnaires sent, 481 (22.2%) valid responses were obtained. The results showed that 160 (33.3%) answered yes to the question whether they would like to withdraw from dialysis if it becomes too difficult to continue dialysis treatment. Of these, 118 (73.8%) answered they would make that decision by themselves, 107 (22.2%) were currently in some kinds of suffering. In terms of awareness of palliative care, only 60 (12.5%) responded that they knew about palliative care, which was clearly less than in the survey on awareness of palliative care for cancer among the general Japanese population. These results suggested the necessity to promote awareness of palliative care among dialysis patients.

Introduction: Since the commercial availability of buprenorphine extended-release transdermal patches (BTDP) from the early 2010’s, the therapeutic indications for opioids have widely expanded to include chronic benign diseases. We report a case of a home health care patient with acute opioid withdrawal symptoms due to self-interruption of BTDP. Case: An 84-year-old man using home health care services due to worsening of lumbar spinal canal stenosis had been receiving analgesia with a BTDP, a mixed opioid agonist/antagonist analgesic, for the preceding five months. Since the patient's spouse thought that his pain and symptoms were gradually improving, she secretly replaced the BTDP with an NSAID patch without informing the patient. About 50 hours later, the patient experienced a variety of symptoms, including frequent urination with incontinence every five minutes, watery diarrhea, sweating, decreased blood pressure, discomfort in the feet, and insomnia. Evaluation of the Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Score (COWS) by the home health care physician indicated a score of 12, corresponding to mild withdrawal symptoms. About 12 hours after symptom onset, the severe abnormalities were barely noticeable and completely disappeared after two days. Conclusion: Few previous case reports have described withdrawal symptoms due to rapid discontinuation of BTDP. In addition to the medical considerations, we report the social issues associated with onset of the condition in a home environment. Opioid use for non-cancer pain requires medication management from a different perspective than that for cancer pain.

Introduction: Although stop-and-go method is recommended for the introduction of methadone by the Japanese guidelines, it may temporarily result in inadequate pain control and/or serious side effects. We report our experience that alleviation of symptoms was achieved by introducing low-dose methadone at an early stage on top of preceding opioids for a patient with refractory cancer pain. Case: Tapentadol and an analgesic adjuvant were given to a 70-year-old man to treat the patient’s old anal pain due to recurrence of rectal cancer at the rectal anastomosis. However, since the pain was poorly controlled, methadone 5 mg was given adjunctively once daily. After methadone medication, remarkable alleviation of pain and improvement in QOL were observed. Discussion: To achieve a safe pain management, adding a small amount of methadone at an early stage, as in this case, may possibly considered.