Objective To promote in vitro tissue-plasminogen activator(t-PA)thrombolysis by using microbubbles augmented low frequency ultrasound(US) insonication.Two kinds of microbubbles,albumin-coated vs.lipid-coated were compared.Methods Human blood clot weighted 200～300 mg was made from of 0.8 ml fresh blood.Twenty kHz ultrasound,lipid and albumin-coated microbubbles were applied to separate clots groups with or without t-PA administration.The clots before and after processing were weighed and then the clot dissolution ratios were calculated.Results The simple ultrasound group and the basic t-PA group dissolved((24.72)?(4.83))% and((35.66)?(3.34))% of the clots,respectively.The clot dissolution ratio rised to((42.06)?(4.20))% when coordinated US and t-PA(P(0.05)).Conclusions The in vitro US augmentation of t-PA thrombolysis can be significantly promoted by introduction of microbubbles.But there is no significant thrombolysis difference between albumin and lipid-coated microbubbles.

BACKGROUND:Methods after mechanical stimulation can be combined with various kinds of cells to produce many conversion types so as to start the various physiological functions of the body. OBJECTIVE:To analysis the reason why rol ing massage can improve the intracellular concentration of Ca2+METHODS:A biodynamic experimental device was set up, composed of pressure generating device, pressure forming device, pressure display device and related data recording device. We detected the effects of rol ing massage on Ca . 2+concentration in normal skeletal muscle cells and damaged cells through the different functions of the experimental device and system software. These functions consisted of pressure display, data transmission and recording, signal acquisition and processing, pressure signal acquisition, control and processing of signal acquisition, wireless signal transmission and receiving system, display system, storage system, system implementation function. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The experiment results showed that rol ing massage could reduce the Ca 2+concentration in the normal skeletal muscle cells and damaged cells. These findings suggest that rol ing massage can improve the overload of intracellular Ca2+in damaged cells, and it is superior to the sinusoidal mechanical stimulus.

Objective To investigate the value of ultrasound guided autobiopsy technology in interventional diagnosis of pulmo-nary peripheral disease .Methods 117 cases of pulmonary peripheral disease proved by X-ray or CT ,confirmed by ultrasound ,but could not be identified the nature by the examination above ,were biopsied under the guidance of ultrasound .Results All the 117 ca-ses were biopsed successfully .115 cases of them had definite pathological results ,the pathological positivity rate was 98 .3% ,in which contained 20 cases of chronic inflammation ,14 cases of tuberculosis ,30 cases of squamous cell carcinoma ,45 cases of adeno-carcinoma ,6 cases small cell undifferentiated carcinoma .No complication ,such as pneumatothorax ,hemoptysis ,bleeding occurred during the operation .Conclusion The ultrasound guided autobiopsy technology in interventional diagnosis of pulmonary peripheral disease is a safe and effective technique ,the tissues obtained from ultrasound guided autobiopsy were adequate to pathological slide which can provide the basis of the clinical diagnosis .

Objective To examine osteopontin (OPN) levels in both synovial fluid and articular cartilage of patients with primary knee osteoarthritis (OA) and to investigate their relationship with severity of the disease. Methods Fifty patients with knee OA and 10 healthy controls were enrolled in this study.There were 15 males and 35 females with an average age of 61.8±7.4 years in OA group. The control group included 4 males and 6 females with an average age of 63.2±6.0 years. Mankin score were taken to determine the disease severity of the affected knee. The radiographic grading of OA in the knee was performed using the Kellgren-Lawrence criteria. OPN levels in synovial fluid were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. OPN levels in articular cartilage were assessed by immunohistochemical methods. Results Compared to healthy controls, the knee OA patients had higher OPN concentration in synovial fluid ([4519.60±1830.37] pg/ml vs. [1179.70±303.39] pg/ml) and articular cartilage([0.60±0.06] vs. [0.43 ±0.07]). In addition, synovial fluid OPN levels showed a positive correlation with articular cartilage OPN levels (r=0.411,P=0.003). Subsequent analysis showed that the OPN levels in synovial fluid significantly had been correlated with severity of disease using Kellgren-Lawrence criteria (r=0.581, P＜ 0.001). Furthermore,the levels of OPN in the articular cartilage also were correlated with disease severity using Mankin score (r=0.675, P＜ 0.001).Conclusion The data suggest that OPN in synovial fluid and articular cartilage is related to progressive joint damage and could be a predictive biomarker respect to disease severity and progression in knee OA.

Objective To explore the value of diagnostic ultrasound mediated microbubble destruction in improving the myocardial perfusion and left ventricular systolic function when cooperated with the mecsenchymal stem cells(MSCs) transplantation in rabbit myocardial ischemia. Methods One week after myocardial ischemia (MI) modeling,36 rabbits were divided into 3 groups,the control group(group Ⅰ) ,intravenous injection of MSCs group(group Ⅱ) and ultrasound + microbubble + MSCs group (group Ⅲ). Myocardial contrast enhancement (MCE) was performed and quantification analysis of anterior wall was assessed with Photoshop. Left ventrieular systolic function was assessed with M-mode echocardiography and bi-plane Simpson's method. CD34 expression in heart was detected with immunohistochemisty(IHC). Western blotting was applied to detect the level of VEGF in three groups. Results The differences of gray scale analyzed with histogram of Photoshop in anterior wall of ischemia myocardium between the group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ or group Ⅲ were significant,and P value was 0. 032 and 0. 000 , respectively. There were significant differences of FS between group Ⅲ (30. 43±4.09)% and group Ⅱ (26.29±2.93)%, P<0.01, and similar to group Ⅰ (19.28 ± 2.84)%. The difference of EF(%) between group Ⅲ and group Ⅱ was significant [(61.5±5.8 vs 53.6±4. 71), P<0. 05] ,or markedly significant between group Ⅲ and group Ⅰ [(61.5±5.8 vs 42.6± 5.0), P <0.01]. EF(%) assessed with bi-plane Simpson's method was significantly increased from (34.64 ± 4.59) in group Ⅰ to (41.78 ± 4.21) in group Ⅱ and (48.6±3.96) in group Ⅲ. The expression of CD34 assessed with immunohistochemistry was the highest in group Ⅲ. The level of VEGF with western blotting in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than other two groups. Conclusions It is an efficacious transplantation means of MSCs infusion under the ultrasound mediated microbubles destruction in improving the myocardial perfusion and cardiac systolic function.

Objective To explore the targeting homing capacity of bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem eells(MSCs) on rabbit myocardial ischemia by intravenous injection of MSCs under the mediation of diagnostic ultrasound and microbubble. Methods Density gradient centrifugation and adherent culture method were used in the isolation and cultivation of MSCs. MSCs were labeled with DAPI. Rabbit myocardial infarction(MI) models were builded by totally ligation of left anterior descending branch of coronary artery. DAPI labeled MSCs were implanted by intravenous injection with or without the mediation of diagnostic ultrasound and microbubbles. Forty-eight hours after cell transplantation, the hearts of MI rabbits were made of frozen section and observed under fluorescent microscope. The DAPI positive cells were counted in the MI and border area of rabbit heart and compared between two groups. Pathological changes of MI area were observed with HE staining under light microscope and transmission electronic microscope. Results The number of DAPI positive cells in MI and border area of rabbit in both groups were counted under fluorescent microscope. There were more DAPI positive cells in the MI area in ultrasound + microbubble + MSCs group (213.2±26.5) than that in the intravenous injection group (146.8±18.78, P<0.01). There were erythrocytes leaking out of the vessels in MI area in HE staining section under light microscope in ultrasound + microbubble + MSCs group while there were nearly none in the intravenous injection MSCs group. The intercellular space of endothelial cells of the vessels wall was increased and serum component leaked out of the vessel wall in ultrasound + microbubble + MSCs under transmission electronic microscope. Conclusions The targeted homing capacity of BM-MSCs in the MI area of rabbit heart can be enhanced under the mediation of diagnostic ultrasound and microbubbles.

Malignant cerebral edema (MCE) can lead to deterioration of neurological function in patients with acute ischemic stroke, and significantly increase the mortality and disability rate. Therefore, early detection and intervention of MCE is crucial for saving patients' lives. This article reviews the predictors and preventive scales of MCE after acute ischemic stroke.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of complete lung cancer resection on the balance of Th17/Treg cells in the peripheral blood of lung cancer patients. Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect the percentage of Th17 and Treg cells in the peripheral blood of 21 patients with lung cancer before and after operation and 21 healthy controls. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of fork-head/winged helix transcription factor( Foxp3) and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt ( RORγt)in PBMC. The plasma levels of interleukin(IL) -17 and transforming growth factor(TGF) -β1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results After surgery,the percentage of Th17 cells in the peripheral blood decreased and the percentage of Treg cells increased in patients when compared to the pre -operation ( P <0. 01). After surgery,the expression of RORγt was decreased and the expression of Foxp3 was increased in the CD4 +T cells of patients in comparison with the pre-opera-tion(P<0. 01). After surgery,the expression of IL-17 was decreased and the expression of TGF-β1 was increased in the plasma of patients in comparison with the pre -operation( P <0. 01). In addition,the percentage of Th17 and Treg cells,the expression of RORγt and Foxp3,and the expression of IL-17 and TGF-β in the peripheral blood were increased in preoperative lung cancer pa-tients when compared to healthy controls. Conclusion There is a Th17/Treg imbalance in the peripheral blood of lung cancer pa-tients after complete resection of lung cancer.

Objective To establish the methodology of combining BOLD and 1H-MRS for investigating correlation between the deactivation in medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration by acupuncture at LI4 (Point Hegu),and to optimize the experimental technique and procedure.Methods Twenty healthy adult volunteers were enrolled.During fMRI-BOLD scanning,each subject received acupuncture at right LI4 (Point Hegu).MRS scanning was based on MEGA-PRESS sequence,and ROIs were located at bilateral MPFC.The task BOLD fMRI was block design,including 3 stimulations (30 s) with 2 intervals (2 min).Then MRS scanning was performed before and after BOLD.The quantitative values of the BOLD positive and negative activations (Pm) and GABA concentrations were calculated.Results All 20 subjects completed BOLD fMRI scanning,and met the postprocessing requirements.MRS images of 9 subjects with good image quality were included in analysis.Among all 20 subjects,positive activation (Pm=1.17± 0.16) was observed in 9,while negative activation (Pm =-1.31 ± 0.17) was observed in 11 subjects.The GABA average values before and after the acupuncture were (19.93 ±1.04) nmol/L and (20.04±0.81)nmol/L,respectively,and the average amplitude between post-and pre-acupuncture was (0.11 ± 1.60)nmol/L.Conclusion The success rate of this method for quantitative study of brain function established multimodal-functional (BOLD-fMRI and MRS) was acceptable,and the multimodal brain function changes as well as the quantitative values were observed in the brain region during acupuncture.Combined BOLD and MRS quantitative method is feasible for testing acupuncture response in the brain.

Chest trauma is one of the most common injuries. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) as a common complication of chest trauma seriously affects the quality of patients′ life and even leads to death. Although there are some consensus and guidelines on the prevention and treatment of VTE at home and abroad, the current literatures lack specificity considering the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of VTE in patients with chest trauma have their own characteristics, especially for those with blunt trauma. Accordingly, China Chest Injury Research Society and editorial board of Chinese Journal of Traumatology organized relevant domestic experts to jointly formulate the Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of chest trauma venous thromboembolism associated with chest trauma (2022 version). This consensus provides expert recommendations of different levels as academic guidance in terms of the characteristics, clinical manifestations, risk assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of chest trauma-related VTE, so as to offer a reference for clinical application.