Adult ; Aged ; Axilla ; innervation ; surgery ; Brachial Plexus ; surgery ; Breast Neoplasms ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; methods ; Mastectomy, Radical ; adverse effects ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Pain, Postoperative ; etiology ; Somatosensory Disorders ; etiology

Objective To evaluate the effects of calcitonin and 1, 25 vitamin D on the bone loss in experimental periodontitis in rats. Methods A total of 125 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to five groups according to the treatments during 8 weeks: normal control (group A, n=25), periodontitis(group B, n=25), calcitonin (group C, prepared in sterile saline at 2 mg/L, and 2μg/kg was administered daily, s.c. , n=25), 1,25 vitamin D (group D, prepared in corn oil daily at a concentration of 2 mg/L, and 2μg/kg was administered daily, p.o. , n=25), 1,25 vitamin D plus calcitonin (group E, n=25). The experimental model of periodontitis was induced by ligating floss around mandibular first molars with orthodontic wires in B,C,D and E groups. Five rats from each group were sacrificed, and the specimens were prepared at 2, 4, 6 and 8-week. The probing depth (PD) and alveolar bone level were observed. The serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and osteocalcin (OC) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 8-week in each group. Results The values of PD were significantly lower after 4, 6 and 8 weeks in E group than those of B, C and D groups (P＜0.05). The alveolar bone loss was significantly lower after 6 and 8 weeks in group E compared with that of B, C and D groups (P＜0.05). The serum levels of BALP and OC were significantly higher after 8 weeks in E group than those of B, C and D groups (P＜0.05). Conclusion The present study suggests that 1, 25 vitamin D and calcitonin can partially inhibit the alveolar bone loss induced by periodontitis. Especially, the application of both is more effective than either drug treatment alone.

Objective To study effects of yinlingⅠon cell viability and oxidative injury of lead-exposed cell.Methods After lead exposure Vero cell was treated with yinlingⅠof different concentrations.The cell viablitity was measured by methyl thiaxiolyl tetrazolium(MTT) method and the superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malondialdehyde(MDA) activity in cell suspensions were measured.Results When Vero cell lived in 125 ?mol/L lead acetate surrounding,the MDA concentration increased,but the viability of cell and the SOD content in the Vero cell suspension decreased.YinlingⅠcould increase the viability of lead-exposed cell during a certain extent;in the most non-toxicity concentration yinlingⅠcould elevate the SOD content in the Vero cell suspension,reduced the MDA concentration and resisting lead toxication in vitro.Conclusion YinlingⅠhas the protective effects on the cell viability and oxidative injury of lead-exposed cell.

Objective To evaluate the effects of root canal cleanliness on the fracture resistance of roots filled with AH-Plus. Methods Eighty single canal premolars were instrumented using step-back technique, then were randomly di-vided into four groups (n=20 for each group). Group A was washed with distilled water for 10 min, group B1 was washed with 5%EDTA for 1 min, group B2 was washed with 5%EDTA for 5 min and group B3 was washed with 5%EDTA for 10 min. Ten samples of each group were observed by scanning electron microscope at the coronal, middle and apical thirds to exam-ine smear layer removal. The remaining samples of each group were fixed into a electronic universal testing machine and ver-tically loaded until fracture. Results The difference of coronal and middle thirds was significant between group B3 and group B2 (P<0.05). At the middle third, there was significantly improved efficiency in smear layer removal in group B2 than that of group B1(P<0.05). The mean fracture resistance was significantly higher in group B3 (391.91±12.82)N than that of group B2 (335.54±16.14)N, group B1(296.47±17.82) N and group A (264.77±16.64)N (P<0.05). Group B2 showed a signifi-cantly better fracture resistance than that of group B1 and group A (P<0.05). Conclusion The complete removal of root ca-nal smear layer can significantly improve the fracture resistances of roots filled with AH-Plus.

ObjectiveTo probe into the clinical efficiency of reconstruction to person who had composite tissue defect of the floor of mouth and the lower part of face with the free forearm flap and free iliac bone in the same term.MethodsBefore the surgery, the surgeon should carefully evaluate the scope and shape of defects in 11 cases who had the composite tissue defects of the floor of mouth and the lower part of face, to design the individual forearm flap, so that it matches with the defect region. During surgery, the first resumption of defects using titanium plates forming the basic shape of mandible and the occlusal relationship,then used to re-sawing to take modeling of the iliac bone,transplanted free iliac bone and fixed after the inside of the titanium plate, thereby restoring the continuity of mandible missing.ResultsFree forearm flap and free iliac bone all survived in 11 cases, the success rate of 100％. The patients were followed up for 6 to 12 months, although the shape of restoration areas were different levels of fat, but eating, swallowing and other oral function had been well improved, 7/11 could enter normal diet, 4/11 to enter liquid diet, At the same time, the patients in social activities can communicate in a language daily, sensory function of skin flap and facial appearance has been satisfactory recovery.ConclusionConformal free forearm flap and free iliac bone is an ideal way to reconstruct the composite tissue defects of the floor of mouth and the lower part of face in the same period, not only safe, practical prognostic effect, and also can significantly improve the patients quality of life, which is worthy of reference and use.

Objective - - To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of multi site work related musculoskeletal disorders （ ） Methods WMSDs in surgeons. A total of 102 surgeons from four hospitals were selected as study subjects by convenient sampling method. The Chinese version of Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence of ， Results WMSDs in the past one year the related individuals and occupational factors. The total prevalence of WMSDs among （ ）， （ ） （ ） surgeons was 54.9%. The top three sites were neck 48.0% lower back 35.3% and shoulder 32.4% . The prevalence of （ vs ，P ） WMSDs in multiple sites was higher than that in a single site 43.1% 11.8% <0.01 . Multivariate logistic regression ， ， analysis showed that surgeons who smoked were tired at work and had a bent back had a higher risk of developing WMSDs ［ （ - ）， （ - ）， （ - ）， P ］ odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were 3.66 1.41 9.46 8.33 2.15 32.20 and 18.74 2.14 166.77 all <0.01 Conclusion - after excluding the influence of confounding factors. The prevalence rate of multi site WMSDs among surgeons is ， high and the influencing factors include bad living habits and occupational factors such as working load and working posture.

In this paper, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy fingerprint analysis of Marsdenia tenacissima samples was used to develop a reliable method of tracing the geographical origins. Forty-eight samples from four provinces of China were analyzed by FTIR. We analyzed and characterized the fingerprints in both the full spectrum peaks and characteristic peaks, then the principal component analysis and the cluster analysis were carried out. The results of fingerprint analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis can identify the geographic origins correctly, which verified and supplemented each other; the identification results and the actual location showed a high degree of consistency, namely the lower the space distance, the greater the similarity of different samples. These results revealed the obvious superiority and practical value in comparison to the more tedious and time-consuming wet chemistry method normally used. Using appropriate metrology methods can trace the geographical source correctly. The M. tenacissima materials from the region of Maguan should be considered as genuine medicinal materials taking into account the good quality.
China ; Cluster Analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; classification ; standards ; Geography ; Marsdenia ; chemistry ; classification ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Principal Component Analysis ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; methods

To evaluate the automated segmentation algorithm for detection of intra - retinal layers to process images obtained from ultra- high resolution optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) . Graph theory and the shortest path search based on dynamic programming were applied to automatically segment the 8 intra - retinal layers. We experimentally verified the accuracy and reliability of the algorithm. The results showed that the intra-retinal layer boundaries between automated and manual segmentations matched well. The algorithm successfully segmented the intra- retinal layers in glaucoma, high myopia, and retinitis pigmentosa patients. The proposed automatic segmentation for intra-retinal layers provides a promising tool for quantitative analysis in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To study the effects of YinlingⅠon expelling lead and the improvement of the ability of learning memory in lead poisoned mice.Methods Poisoning model of lead was prepared by drinking water with lead acetate,and the administration of YinlingⅠor EDTA-Na_2Ca to lead poisoned mice was performed.Lead content was detected in blood, brain and bone.The ability of lear- ning and memory of mice was measured monthly by Y-water maze test. Ultrastructure of CA3 cell in hippocampus was observed with transmission electron microscope.Results After administration of YinlingⅠ,the lead content in blood, brain and bone decreased remarkably, the ability of learning and memory increased,and the ultrastructure changes of CA3 cell in hippocampus markedly dimi- nished.Conclutions YinlingⅠ may expel lead of the mice with lead poisoning and improve their ability of learning and memory.

OBJECTIVE: To select the most effective method among different masking treatments, such as different thickness and transparence, tissue surface's opaque coating, and opaque resin cement to restore discolored teeth esthetically by porcelain veneer. METHODS: Four extracted intact maxillary central incisors were prepared for porcelain veneer restoration and each three heat pressed porcelain veneers from three thicknesses (0.8 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.2 mm) and two transparency(high transparence, HT and low transparence, LT))in Vita shade A2 were fabricated for each tooth, in total of 72 pieces. The surfaces of three prepared teeth were then painted to mimic situations of severe dental fluorosis, severe tetracycline teeth, and necrotic teeth. Each of the veneers was temporarily cemented to the corresponding tooth surface using try-in cements with three different colors (transparent, opaque, and yellow), then used the shade guide (3D master) and electronic colorimeter (easy shade) to record the shade of each porcelain veneer through hue, lightness, and chroma reading. After that, high-transparence porcelain veneers in thickness of 0.8 mm was fused with a layer of opaque porcelain in tissue surface, and were shade matched again after cementation. Statistic treatments were performed to analyze the difference in each masking method. RESULTS: For each 0.2 mm increase in the veneer thickness of porcelain, the average lightness was reduced by 1 unit, while the chroma was not changed which was independent of the type of the resin cements. When the thickness of the porcelain veneer was decreased to 0.8 mm, the opacity effect was not remarkable even if a low-transparence porcelain veneer was used. Transparent and yellow resin cements had poor opaque performance, while opaque resin cement could reduce the lightness by 2 units and the chroma was also reduced. The opaque layer of the tissue surface could be applied uniformly, and the lightness and chroma could be reduced to Vita 2M1 to 2M1.5 levels regardless of the color of resin cements, which suggested a stable opacity effect for different discolored teeth in this study. CONCLUSION For porcelain veneer restoration of discolored teeth, thickened veneers are the most effective means to display a natural transmittance and color. Tissue surface's opacity coatings and opaque resin cements can also be used to reduce grayscale and increase lightness.
Color ; Humans ; Materials Testing ; Prosthesis Coloring ; Resin Cements ; Tooth Discoloration/therapy*