AIM: To observe the synergetic analgesic effects of low dose of haloperidol, a dopamine antagonist and under-threshold dose of morphine on mice induced by thermal and acetic acid, and to analyze the major mechanism of their synergetic actions. METHODS: To examine the analgesic synergetic effect of haloperidol (0.315 mg/kg, 0.625 mg/kg, 1.25 mg/kg, ip respectively), morphine (3.125 mg/kg, 6.25 mg/kg, 12.5 mg/kg ip, respectively) or combining effect of haloperidol (0.3125 mg/kg) with morphine (3.125 mg/kg) on mice, we compared the change of pain threshold stimulated by thermal, latent period of twisting, the number of times of twisting by acetic acid, and we also estimated the antagonistic effect of d -amphetamine (10 mg/kg) and naloxone (5 mg/kg) on haloperidol and morphine group. RESULTS: Combination of haloperidol with morphine significantly enhanced pain threshold of mice induced by thermal, prolonged latent period of twisting and decreased the number of times of twisting. Naloxone markedly antagonized the combination of analgesic action of haloperidol and morphine and not d -amphetamine. CONCLUSION: Combination of haloperidol with morphine have synergetic analgesic effect and morphine is the dominant factor.

0.05).Conclusion Donepezil hydrochloride do not improve the learning and memory function of normal under age rats.

Objective To explore the effect of Acanthopanax senticosus injection (ASI) on brain multi-infract dementia rats. Methods Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:control group, model group and ASI group. The multi-infract dementia rat models were set up by injecting mini-sludged blood in carotis internal arteries, learning and memory function of rats were determined by Morris water maze and Step-down test, the section of rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus were stained with haematoxylin eosin (HE). Results Compared with model group, latency in ASI group shortened significantly at 2nd,5th and 6th day, the distance shortened at 1st,2nd,5th and 6th day. The seeking tactics of ASI trgated rats improved in the Morris water maze test. The error times of ASI treated rats decreasd at 1st and 2nd day in Step-down test; ASI did not reduce significantly pathological changes of vascular dementia rats. Conclusion ASI has effect of treatment on multi-infract dementia rats.

Objective To explore the mechanism of therapeutic effect of Donepezil hydrochloride on Alzheimer's disease(AD) rats.Methods According to weight,36 rats were divided into normal group,model group and Donepezil hydrochloride group.AD rat model was set up by injecting D-galactose into abdominal cavity for seven weeks,learning and memory function of rats was determined by using Morris water maze and Step-down test.The section of rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus were stained with haematoxylin eosin(HE),and the effect of Donepezil hydrochloride was observed by detecting the MDA content and SOD activity in cerebral tissue.Results Compared with model group,latency and distance of Donepezil hydrochloride rats shortened on the fourth day and the fifth day,starting angle of Donepezil hydrochloride rats shortened on the fourth day and the fifth day in the Morris water maze test,error times of Donepezil hydrochloride rats decreased on the first day and the second day in Step-down test;MDA content in cerebral tissue of Donepezil hydrochloride rat was deceased(P

Objective: To explore the value of implanted intensity-modulated bmchytherapy for recurred cervical carcinoma. Metheds: A total of 25 cases of recurred cervical carcinoma were enrolled into the trial group which were treated with pelvic implanted aftedoading intensity-modulated brachytherapy. The other 25 patients with recurred cervical carcinoma treated with routine brachytherapy during the same pedod were en-rolled into the control group. Results: There were 20 cases with CR and 5 cases with PR in the trial group, and 10 cases with CR, 7 cases with PR, 4 cases with SD and 4 cases with PD in the control group, with a signifi-cant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). In the trial group, there were 5 cases with vaginal-rectal fis-tula and 1 case with grade 3 enteritis. In the control group, there were 3 cases with vaginal-rectal fistula. Con-dusion: Pelvic implanted intensity-modulated brachytherapy for recurred cervical carcinoma is satisfactory with better short-term efficacy than that of the routine brachytherapy and tolerable side effects.

Objective:To investigate the peripheral mechanism by studying the histological changes of masseter muscles using HE stains and substance P(SP) and protein gene product 9.5(PGP9.5) immunohistochemical stains.Methods: Fifteen male Sprague-Dawley were randomly assigned into occlusal interference group(n=12) and control group(n=3).In occlusal interference group,0.4 mm thick crowns were bonded to the rats'first molar of the maxillary.In the control group,rats were anesthetized and mouths were forced open for about 5 min but restorations were not applied.1,5,10,and 21 d after 0.4 mm occlusal alteration treatment,mechanical pain thresholds of bilateral masseter muscles were quantitatively measured by modified electronic anesthesiometer in control group and occlusal interference group.The rats were euthanized by transcardiac perfusion after deep anesthetization at different time points.The paraffin sections of masseter muscles were made and processed for HE,SP,and PGP9.5 immunohistochemical staining.Results: Decreased head withdrawal threshold to mechanical pressure was detected in masseter muscles on both sides following occlusal interference.Histological stains of masseter muscles presented intact following occlusal interference,and no inflammatory cells were observed in both sides.Intensely stained PGP9.5 was observed at 1 d in occlusal interference groups and maintained until the end of the experiment.SP expression was the most obviously increased at 5 d in both sides and gradually decreased to the level of control.Conclusion: Experimental occlusal interference-induced masticatory muscle pain is associated with peripheral sensitization of nociceptive neurons rather than muscle damage and inflammation.

We wished to select a cold-adapted genotype G1P[8] ZTR-68 rotavirus (China southwest strain) in MA104 cells for possible use as a live vaccine. ZTR-68 was recovered originally from children with diarrhea. The virus was cultivated at 37 degrees C at the first passage. Then, the cultivation temperature was decreased stepwise by 3 degrees C per eight passages. In total, the virus was passaged 32 times, and cultivation was terminated at 28 degrees C. Biological characteristics of the virus were analyzed during serial passages. There was no difference between the migration patterns of genomic dsRNA segments according to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of original and cold-adapted viruses. Infectious and red cell-agglutination titers of cold-adapted virus were lower than those of the parent virus. Also, the virus formed small-size plaques with irregular shapes at 31 degrees C and 28 degrees C. These results suggested that a genetically stable attenuated virus can be obtained through serial cold-adapted passages. Thus, an alternative strategy is provided by cold-adaption for development of attenuated live rotavirus vaccines.
Adaptation, Physiological ; China ; Cold Temperature ; Diarrhea ; virology ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Rotavirus ; genetics ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Serial Passage ; Virus Cultivation ; Virus Replication

Objective To investigate the effects of Houpupaiqi mixture on the recovery of gastrointestinal function after open gastrointestinal surgery,and evaluate the efficacy and safety of Houpupaiqi mixture.Methods A total of 144 selected patients who underwent open gastrointestinal surgery were enrolled into the multi-center prospective randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial from October 2010 to September 2011.Of the 144 patients,66 were from People's Hospital of Peking University,72 were from Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences,and 6 were from People's Hospital of Guangdong Province.All the patients were randomly divided into 2 groups (test group:96 patients,control group:48 patients) at the ratio of 2∶1 according to the random number table.Five patients who did not meet the criteria were excluded from the study,and then there were 92 patients in the test group and 47 patients in the control group.The study was assessed by the ethics committees,and all the patients signed the informed consent form.Houpupaiqi mixture (50 ml) or placebo (50 ml) were administered in the test group and control group at postoperative 16 and 20 hours,respectively.Parenteral and enteral nutritional support were given after pulling out of gastric tube.A standard intravenous analgesia was applied in the 2 groups,and agents which stimulate or suppress gastrointestinal motility were prohibited.The time for the recovery of regular bowel sounds,the first exhaust and first defecation time,and the time of first solid food intake of the 2 groups were recorded.Vital signs were recored before operation and after drug administration.Blood and urinary routine test,hepatic and renal function test,electrocardiogram examination,record of adverse drug event were carried out at postoperative day 6.The time for the indexes above and relevant frequencies were calculated,and the survival curve were drawn by Kaplan-Meier method.All the time points were analyzed using the Log-rank test.The measurement data were analyzed using the t test or rank-sum test,and the enumeration data were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability.Results The median time for the recovery of regular bowel sounds,median time for first exhaust and defecation were 21.4 (20.0,23.7)hours,45.0 (40.0,54.0) hours and 65.5 (54.7,74.0) hours in the test group,and 47.5 (44.0,56.5) hours,91.0 (87.0,93.8)hours,98.0 (94.0,113.5)hours in the control group,there were significant differences between the 2 groups (Log-rank values =21.67,53.15,11.81,P＜0.05).The median time of first solid food intake were 72.5 (66.2,110.5) hours of the test group and 116.3 (114.8,117.3) hours of the control group,with no significant difference between the 2 groups (Log-rank value =13.70,P ＞ 0.05).There were no significant differences in the body temperature,respiration,heart rate,systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure before and after medication between the 2 groups (Z =0.03,0.68,0.97,0.22,0.72,P ＞ 0.05).There were no significant differences in the number of patients with abnormal results of blood test,hepatic function,renal function and electrocardiogram between the 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).No severe adverse event was observed in the clinical trial.Conclusion Houpupaiqi mixture significantly promotes the recovery of gastrointestinal function of the patients who underwent open gastrointestinal surgery with relatively low adverse events.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of decision-making impairment in male patients with heroin dependence in methadone maintenance treatment(MMT). Methods A total of 45 male patients in MMT were compared with matched 32 health controls on the Iowa Gambling Task. Results Participants with anxiety or depression had to be excluded, MMT subjects were required to have negative urine toxicology screening tests.The MMT group selected more net disadvantageous cards (number of cards selected from the disadvantageous decks minus number of cards selected from advantageous decks) than health controls( (9.11 ± 19.60, -4.25 ±10.27 respectively), t=3. 884, P＜0.01). A 2(group) ×5(block) ANOVA (analysis of variance) on the cards of net disadvantageous from the gambling task revealed a significant main effect of group( F= 12.414, P＜0.01 ).The ANOVA also revealed a significant main effect of block( F=6.871, P＜0.01 ). The study indicated the totalnumber of net disadvantageous cards for MMT subjects was negative correlation to the age of initial drug use ( r=- 0. 320, P ＜ 0. 05 ). Meanwhile, methadone dose and the time of enrollment MMT did not reveal a significant main effect on decision-making biases. Conclusion The deficit of decision making for male heroin dependent patients might be attributed to the dysfunction of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and this effect does not resolve with abstinence, even very long term abstinence. Methadone may not get worse this impairment in male patients who have a history of heroin use during maintenance treatment intervention.

Objective To evaluate the angiographic findings and the therapeutic effect of thrombolysis in AMI (acute myocardial infarction) patients. Method A retrospective study were carried out in consecutive eighty-four inpatients with AMI treated with intravenous thrombolysis and coronary angiography was taken within a week after illness onset from January 2000 to August 2007. The patients were divided into successful recanalization group and non-recanalization group. Single factor χ2 test and multi-factor logistic regression analysis were applied to observe the relationship among the angiographic features of IRA (infarct-related artery including the number of stnosis, the location of stenosis, the severity of stenosis and the morphological changes) and treatment effect of intravenous urokinase thrombolysis. Results (1) Single factor χ2 test showed that location and the extent of lesion of IRA were eligible to enter the logistic regression formula (P ＜ 0.05),whereas the number of lesions and the severity of IRA's stenosis were not eligible to enter the logistic regression formula (P ＞ 0. 05). (2) Multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that the extent of lesion of IRA was the only factor that had a negative impact on the therapeutic effect of intravenous thrombolysis.Conclusions The study shows that the extent of lesion of IRA is the only factor that has a negative impact on the therapeutic effect of intravenous thrombolysis; The number, the location of lesion and the severity of stenosis of IRA have no impact on the therapeutic effect of intravenous thrombolysis in AMI.